主谓一致用法归纳市公开课特等奖市赛课微课一等奖课件.pptx

第第1页页主谓一致使用方法主谓一致使用方法归纳归纳主谓一致使用方法三主谓一致使用方法三标准：标准：语法一致标准语法一致标准 概念一致标准概念一致标准 就近一致标准就近一致标准第第2页页 主谓一致是指句子谓语动词和主语在人称主谓一致是指句子谓语动词和主语在人称和数上应保持一致，它主要有三个标准：和数上应保持一致，它主要有三个标准：一、语法一致标准一、语法一致标准 主语是单数时，谓语用单数；主语是复数主语是单数时，谓语用单数；主语是复数时，谓语用复数。但注意以下几点：时，谓语用复数。但注意以下几点：1 1、凡以凡以-ies结尾表示学科名称名词，如结尾表示学科名称名词，如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语，等作主语，谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。Mathematics is a science.数学是一门科学。数学是一门科学。Politics is taught in middle school.中学里教政治。中学里教政治。第第3页页 2、以、以“s”结尾表示单数概念国名、人名、结尾表示单数概念国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，谓语动书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。词用单数。The United States lies in North America.The United Nations was founded in 1945.3、以、以“s”结尾表示单数意义名词结尾表示单数意义名词news,means,works等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every means has been done to prevent the air from being polluted.A chemical works is being built now.4、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量复数名词表、表示时间、金钱、距离、重量复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。示单位数量用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。第第4页页Sixty years is a long time.Ten dollars is enough for him.Three thousand miles is a long distance.Fifty kilos is not too heavy to be carries.注意：假如强调过了多少日，谓语动词用复数。注意：假如强调过了多少日，谓语动词用复数。如：如：Fifty years have passed since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.自中华人民共和国诞生以来，已走过了自中华人民共和国诞生以来，已走过了50年。年。5、主语后面假如有、主语后面假如有as well as,besides,except,but,like,with,no less than,including,as much as,rather than等引导短等引导短语时，语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。谓语动词与主语保持一致。第第5页页 The teacher as much as the parents is to blame.My brother,together with Mike and Tom,is gone.Nobody but students was here.6、由、由any-every-some-no-组成复合组成复合不定代词都看成单数看。不定代词都看成单数看。Someone is asking you on the phone.Something is wrong with my watch.但它们反意疑问句附加问句用单复数均可。但它们反意疑问句附加问句用单复数均可。如：如：Everyone was watching TV,wasnt he?Everyone was watching TV,werent they?都在看电视，是吗？都在看电视，是吗？第第6页页 7、被、被each和和every限定主语，谓语动词限定主语，谓语动词用单数。但用单数。但each作复数主语同位语时，谓语动作复数主语同位语时，谓语动词用复数。词用复数。Every/Each student has a dictionary.The boys each have a dictionary.8、结构、结构everyand every,eachand each,noand no（后跟（后跟单数或不可数名词）等分别作主语时，谓语单数或不可数名词）等分别作主语时，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has been invited to the party.Every hour and every minute is important.No bus and no truck was seen at that time.第第7页页 9、在算术运算中，谓语动词用单复数均可。、在算术运算中，谓语动词用单复数均可。Nine minus four is/are five.Two times fifty is/are one hundred.10、more than one 作主语或主语定语时，尽管意作主语或主语定语时，尽管意义上是义上是“不止一个不止一个”，但语法上主语是单数，谓语用，但语法上主语是单数，谓语用单数；单数；many a/an 表示表示“许多许多”，但谓语动词用，但谓语动词用单数单数；one and a half 作定语时，后面名词用复数，可谓语作定语时，后面名词用复数，可谓语动词用动词用单数。单数。One or two+复数名词复数名词 作主语时，谓作主语时，谓语动词用语动词用复数。复数。Many a man has tried it before.More than one has told me so.More than one boy has been there.One and a half apples has been left on it.There are one or two things I want to talk over with you.第第8页页11、动词不定式、动名词及从句作主语时，谓、动词不定式、动名词及从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。语动词用单数。To obey laws is everybodys duty.Reading aloud is very important in learning.Why he did it was not clear.注意：注意：who,what,which以及以及what,who引引导主语从句作主语时，谓语动词依据意义可导主语从句作主语时，谓语动词依据意义可用单、复数。如：用单、复数。如：Who is/are waiting for us at the gate?Which is/are right?what is/are to be done to solve the problem.What we need here is an engineer.are two English teachers.第第9页页 二、概念二、概念/意义一致标准意义一致标准1、单词、单词all,most,any,what,who,which等，等，它们既能够表示单数，也能够表示复数，所以它们既能够表示单数，也能够表示复数，所以它们作主语时，谓语动词要依据它们在句中逻它们作主语时，谓语动词要依据它们在句中逻辑概念来决定。辑概念来决定。All is going well.All have gone to Beijing.There are many apples in the basket,most are good.2、代词或名词如、代词或名词如half,more,some,part,the rest等能够指可数名词复数，也可指不可数名等能够指可数名词复数，也可指不可数名词，它们作主语，谓语动词要与它们所指名词，它们作主语，谓语动词要与它们所指名词一致。词一致。Part of the story is not true.Part of the apples are bad.第第10页页 3、有些集体名词、有些集体名词cattle,people,police,militia（民兵），（民兵），poultry（家禽）等形式上（家禽）等形式上是单数，但意义有时是复数，谓语动词用复数。是单数，但意义有时是复数，谓语动词用复数。People 作作“民族民族”解，谓语动词用单数。解，谓语动词用单数。Traffic police are always busy.The Chinese people is a great people.The police are running after a thief.Most of his time is spent travelling.Most of the students come from South China.一样名词前有一样名词前有lots of,plenty of,heaps of,loads of等时，谓语动词确实定也是如此。等时，谓语动词确实定也是如此。Lots of people like seeing films.Plenty of time is a waste of playing football on the playground.第第11页页 4、clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses,scissors（剪刀）（剪刀）等作主语时，谓语动词用复等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；在倒装句中，可用单数形式动词表示单数数；在倒装句中，可用单数形式动词表示单数概念；这类词前加上概念；这类词前加上a pair of（一双（一双/付付/把），把），a suit of(一套）等单位词时，谓语动词用单数。一套）等单位词时，谓语动词用单数。My trousers have been stolen.Where is my glasses?A pair of trousers is what I need now.There are two pairs of scissors on the table.5、the+形容词形容词/分词表示一类人时，如分词表示一类人时，如the old/young,the rich/poor,the dead/blind/living/deaf/wounded,the English/Chinese 等作主语等作主语,谓语用复数；表示一个抽谓语用复数；表示一个抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数。象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数。第第12页页6 6、用、用andand连接起来两个单数名词，在意义上指连接起来两个单数名词，在意义上指同一个人、物或同一个人、物或 概念时，或者两种不一样材料概念时，或者两种不一样材料组成东西作为整体时，谓语动词用单数。组成东西作为整体时，谓语动词用单数。The poet and writer has come.The poet and writer has come.Bread and milk is healthful food.Bread and milk is healthful food.Much mud and sand was washed by the flood.Much mud and sand was washed by the flood.The young are usually very active.The young are usually very active.The good in him is great than the bad.The good in him is great than the bad.The beautiful is not always the useful.The beautiful is not always the useful.The English like to be with their families at Christmas.The English like to be with their families at Christmas.7 7、用、用andand连接起来两个单数名词相互并立而无连接起来两个单数名词相互并立而无从属关系或两个代词作主语时，谓语动词用从属关系或两个代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。复数。Tom and Jim are good friends.Tom and Jim are good friends.Bread and butter are sold in that stop.Bread and butter are sold in that stop.第第13页页8、有些集体名词如、有些集体名词如family,class,group,team,crew（船员），（船员），committee（委员会）（委员会）,company,crowd（人群）（人群）,enemy,government,public,population,等作主语等作主语时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若时，若看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调整体中个体组员，谓语动词用复数。强调整体中个体组员，谓语动词用复数。His family is a small one.His family are all music lovers.The population of the city is less than 200,000.One part of the population here are workers.第第14页页三、就近一致标准三、就近一致标准1、由含有选择意味连词如、由含有选择意味连词如or,eitheror,neithernor,nor,whetheror等连接两等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与最近主语保持一致。个并列主语时，谓语动词与最近主语保持一致。Neither Mr Li nor I am to meet them at Neither Mr Li nor I am to meet them at the station.the station.He or his brothers were to blame.He or his brothers were to blame.Are either you or she wrong?Are either you or she wrong?2、由、由not onlybut also连接两个并列连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应遵照就近标准。但与主语时，谓语动词应遵照就近标准。但与as well as不一样。不一样。Not only the students but also their Not only the students but also their teacher has come.teacher has come.第第15页页Cf.The teacher as well as his students has come.(as well as his students是附带成份是附带成份)3 3、不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数；、不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数；either of,either of,neither of,none of neither of,none of 之后接名词或代词，谓语动词用单之后接名词或代词，谓语动词用单数；但数；但neither of,none ofneither of,none of名词或代词是复数时，谓语也名词或代词是复数时，谓语也能够复数，并注意翻译。能够复数，并注意翻译。Something is wrong with my watch.Either of them is right.这两个有一个是正确。这两个有一个是正确。Neither of the answers is/are right.这两个答案这两个答案没有一个是正确没有一个是正确/这两个答案都不对。这两个答案都不对。None of the money in the desk is mine.书桌里钱都不是我。书桌里钱都不是我。None of the toys here is/are mine.这里玩具没有这里玩具没有一样是我一样是我/这里玩具都不是我。这里玩具都不是我。第第16页页4、“分数分数/百分数百分数+of+名词名词”作主语时，谓作主语时，谓语动词单、复数由语动词单、复数由of后名词数而定。后名词数而定。75%of the surface of the earth is sea.Two-fifths of the students in our class are girls.More than 80%of the population in China are peasants.5、在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，谓语动、在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。词应与先行词保持一致。I know the girl who was just praised at the meeting.Those who dont obey the rules will be punished.=Anyone who doesnt obey the rules will be punished.第第17页页 6、“one of+复数名词复数名词”后面定语从句后面定语从句中谓语动词单、复数，以后面名词为准；但中谓语动词单、复数，以后面名词为准；但在在one之前有之前有the 或或the only作限制时，从句作限制时，从句谓语动词用单数。谓语动词用单数。This is one of the best books that have appeared.He was the only one of the students who was praised at the class-meeting.7、在、在“there be+主语主语”句型中，假如有句型中，假如有几个主语，谓语动词单、复数，由第一个主几个主语，谓语动词单、复数，由第一个主语数一致。语数一致。There is a book and two pens on the desk.There are two pens and a book on the desk.第第18页页 8、主表不一致情况：大多数情况下，、主表不一致情况：大多数情况下，主表应该一致，不然，谓语动词（即系动词）主表应该一致，不然，谓语动词（即系动词）要与主语保持一致。要与主语保持一致。My brother is a soldier.Tomatoes are a vegetable.Our only guide was the stars.第第19页页