委婉语优秀PPT.ppt

1DefinitionOriginalClassificationFunctionDaily2eu-well phemism-speechthe substitution of a milder,indirect word or phrase for a blunter or harsher one.3委婉来自Greek希腊语，eu 是good(好)的意思,phemism 是speech（言语）的意思,整个字面word of good omen 意思是（吉祥）或好的说法。一般认为，凡是表示禁忌或敏感事物的含蓄、迂回或动听的言词，均在委婉语之列。委婉语是一种修辞格，更是一种文化现象，是人们在社交中为了谋求一种理想效果所创造出来的一种适当的语言形式4Classification 从语言学从语言学角度分类角度分类 Positive euphemisms（肯（肯定定/正委婉语）正委婉语）Negative euphemisms（否（否定定/负委婉语）负委婉语）机关、行业的雅称机关、行业的雅称 eg.madhouse婉称婉称 mental hospital 职业美称职业美称 eg.cobber(补鞋匠补鞋匠)称为称为 shoe rebuilder 政治委婉语政治委婉语 eg.strike(罢工罢工)称为称为 industrial action用于谈论敏感的话题用于谈论敏感的话题 eg.die pass way代替禁忌语代替禁忌语 eg.小便常用小便常用 answer natures call，wash ones hands等等对神的敬称对神的敬称 eg.heck 代替代替hell dee 代替代替God5Functions A.To Avoid TabooB.To Show PolitenessC.To Conceal Truth6 Die(Die(死）死）pass away去世，与世长辞 fall asleep长眠 go to sleep forever长眠run one s race 走完一生be no more 不在了Daily7 be no longer with us breathe ones last be at rest fadego westgo to heavenbe called to Godsafe in the arms of Jesus咽气咽气安息安息与我们永别了与我们永别了凋零了凋零了归西，西去归西，西去上天堂了上天堂了被上帝召唤去了被上帝召唤去了在耶稣怀里得到平安在耶稣怀里得到平安8be gone to a better 1andjoin the silent majoritygo to his long homego the way of all fleshjoin ones ancestorsreturn to dust到一个更好的地方去了到一个更好的地方去了加入沉默的大多数加入沉默的大多数回到永久的家回到永久的家走众生之路走众生之路加入祖先的行列加入祖先的行列归之尘土归之尘土9Our fear of specific diseases has led us to coin a lexicon of euphemisms for insanity and retardation,epilepsy(癫痫),venereal disease,cancer,heart disease and stroke.e.g.He has long(terminal)illness./He has got the big C-癌症 hard of hearing.耳朵背 social disease:-AIDS lung trouble-tuberculosis 肺结核 old mans friend-pneumonia 肺炎 a little confused mad cripplephysically handicappedDiseases10 defecate/urinate要说不能登大雅之堂的词语，“厕所”算一个。需要上厕所时，人们会说：1.go to the bank 2.cash a check 3.spend a penny 4.see Johnny 5.go to the bathroom 6.do business 7.answer natures call 8.release oneself 女士们更常说：9.consult Mrs.Jones10.I have to power my nose.因此厕所可称作：power room,还可为 bath room,comfort station halfway house,old soldiers home,Miss White 11Appearance and Age uglyplain;homely,not particularly good looking,ordinary fat chubby;stout;plump,out-size,over-weight thin-delicate,slender,slim old getting on years;senior citizen;elderly,distinguished gentleman,golden age,venerable people,get on years,pass ones prime,feel ones age mad/feeble minded-not all there,soft in head/soft-headed,of unsound mind/unsound-minded12pregnancyin the family wayeating for twoin a delicate conditiona mother to beCancel all her social engagementin an interesting conditionknitting booteesBe expecting13Military Affairs invasion:involvement/military action air operationground operation14Sexism in China“妇人之见”，“头发长，见识短”，“男子汉不和妇人一般见识”，to degrades womens point of view.“水性扬花”degrades womens sexual morality.“好男不跟女斗”implies women are inferior to men.“红颜祸水”“妹喜”，“妲己”，“杨贵妃”15Thats AllThanks16