dilemma-for-science科学也会进退维谷(课堂PPT).ppt

Unit 5 Section A Dilemma for Science1Background information n nFace off:it is a film dedicated to be the best it is a film dedicated to be the best action adventure of all the time,and produced by staraction adventure of all the time,and produced by stardirector and director and action specialist John Woo.To find out where the action specialist John Woo.To find out where the terrorist Castor Troy(Nicolas Cage)hid the bomb,FBI agent Sean terrorist Castor Troy(Nicolas Cage)hid the bomb,FBI agent Sean Archer(John Travolta)undergoes a radical new surgery allowing Archer(John Travolta)undergoes a radical new surgery allowing him to switch faces with comatose Castor and assume his identity.him to switch faces with comatose Castor and assume his identity.But when Castor awakens and assumes Seans identity,the real But when Castor awakens and assumes Seans identity,the real Sean is thrust into an unimaginable nightmare fighting not only Sean is thrust into an unimaginable nightmare fighting not only for his own life,but also those of his wife and his daughter.for his own life,but also those of his wife and his daughter.2Topic-related words and phrasesn nCosmetic Surgery:also called Plastic Surgery,it is concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of issue.It can be further described as follows:3Topic-related words and phrasesn nAbdominoplasty(Tummy Tuck)this is a surgical procedure carried out to remove the excess wrinkles skin and fatty tissue from the abdomen and to tighten abdominal muscles4Topic-related words and phrasesn nBreast Surgery this technique may be refer to breast augmentation,reduction,and to lift5Topic-related words and phrasesn nChemical Peel:New techniques and technologies in Chemical Peel:New techniques and technologies in chemical peeling offer safe and effective ways to chemical peeling offer safe and effective ways to improve the texture of the skinimprove the texture of the skinn nLaser Resurfacing and Dermabrasion:Dermabrasion is Laser Resurfacing and Dermabrasion:Dermabrasion is a surgical technique by which scarred skin can be made a surgical technique by which scarred skin can be made to appear smootherto appear smoothern nRhytidectomy(Facelift):the procedure lifts the face and Rhytidectomy(Facelift):the procedure lifts the face and neck in one operation.This surgery may be requested neck in one operation.This surgery may be requested by both men and women of various agesby both men and women of various ages6Topic-related words and phrasesn nChin&Cheek Augmentation:Many patients seek surgery to improve the appearance of the skin.This is accomplished by inserting a small synthetic implant over the knatural bone7Topic-related words and phrasesn nForehead Liftn nHair Replacementn nLiposuctionn nOtoplasty(Ear Surgery)n nRhinoplasty(Surgery of Nose)n nSclerotherapy8n nL1-6n n 科学也会进退两难科学也会进退两难n n 人类在医药科学领域取得了巨大成就，人类在医药科学领域取得了巨大成就，似乎什么奇迹都能发生。读读以下的文章，似乎什么奇迹都能发生。读读以下的文章，看奇迹是如何产生的。看奇迹是如何产生的。n n 飞速发展的医学，飞速发展的医学，似乎每天都在提出新似乎每天都在提出新的伦理问题。的伦理问题。n n 伦敦的医生们声称：有可能把完整的死伦敦的医生们声称：有可能把完整的死者的面孔移植于活人的脸孔。这个曾经被者的面孔移植于活人的脸孔。这个曾经被人们喻为科幻小说里的情节，今天将成为人们喻为科幻小说里的情节，今天将成为医学史上一次激动人心的突破。医学史上一次激动人心的突破。9n nLINES 1-6n nDilemma:difficult choice between two(had)things;problem 两难境地两难境地；困难；困难n nExamples:n n1)Her dilemma was whether to stay on at home or get a job.n nRapid:fact 快的快的n n2)The doctors dilemma was whether he should tell the patient the truth.n nExample:He made a rapid recovery after the operation.10n nThrow up:produce;bring into existence 产生，提出产生，提出n nExample:The discussion has thrown up a lot of interesting ideas.n nn nBreakthrough:an important advance(of)or discovery;major achievement.突破突破n nScientist have made a significant breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.n nTransplant:use a sound organ to replace a patients diseased organ.n nExample:His hands were hardly burned and he had to have skin transplanted.11n nLINES 7-12n n 不再遥远，而是现在不再遥远，而是现在n n 这一科学突破为那些因受伤或患有疾病这一科学突破为那些因受伤或患有疾病而被毁容的人们带来了福音，然而医生们而被毁容的人们带来了福音，然而医生们却告诫说，它会对面皮移植者及捐献者的却告诫说，它会对面皮移植者及捐献者的家属产生巨大的心里压力。家属产生巨大的心里压力。12n nLINES 7-12n nn nBenefit:1-作动词作动词：对对有益（有益（do good to）n nExample:Take this medicine every six hours,it will benefit you a lot.n n 2-作名词作名词：利益、好（利益、好（anything that bring help,advantage,or profit)n nExample:What are the chief benefit of exercise?n n13n nImplication:What is involved by something else 牵连，含意，暗示牵连，含意，暗示n nExamples:n n1)What is the implication of that statement?n n2)The journalists discussed the political implications of the war.n nRecipient:a person who receives something 接受者接受者n nExample:n nThe recipients of the prizes had their names printed in the paper.n n14n nLines 13-18 那些纵情享乐，英年早逝，从而留下美丽遗那些纵情享乐，英年早逝，从而留下美丽遗容的人，会很快发现自己成了热门货。只可惜容的人，会很快发现自己成了热门货。只可惜他们自身无法享受公众的热切关注。他们自身无法享受公众的热切关注。在脸部移植中，病人将接受至少长达十几个在脸部移植中，病人将接受至少长达十几个小时的外科手术，从而获得来自捐献者脸上的小时的外科手术，从而获得来自捐献者脸上的暂新的皮肤，骨骼，嘴唇，下巴，耳朵以及鼻暂新的皮肤，骨骼，嘴唇，下巴，耳朵以及鼻子。这样的手术更像是天方夜谭。子。这样的手术更像是天方夜谭。15n nLines 13-18n nIn hot demand:in great need 热门货热门货n nExamples n n1)Taxis are in hot demand on rainy days in a city like this.n n2)Oil is in hot demand these days.n n3)With the improvement of peoples living standards green food must be in hot demand.16n nBe(un)likely to do:(不不)可能做某事可能做某事n nExamples:n n1)They are doing much better than before but they are unlikely to win the cup now.n n2)Once people have seen that something actually works,they are mush more likely to accept it.n nProspect:something expected or considered probable 可能性、前景、寻找、可能性、前景、寻找、勘探勘探n nExample:He gave up halfway because he didnt see any prospect of success.n n17n nUndergo:experience;pass through 经历、经历、遭受遭受n nExamples:n n1)The word is undergoing complicated and profound changes.n n2)The mountaineers underwent many difficulties before they reached the top of the mountain.18n nLines 19-28Lines 19-28n n 在电影变脸中，扮演侦探的约翰在电影变脸中，扮演侦探的约翰在电影变脸中，扮演侦探的约翰在电影变脸中，扮演侦探的约翰.屈伏塔和屈伏塔和屈伏塔和屈伏塔和扮演惯犯的尼古拉斯扮演惯犯的尼古拉斯扮演惯犯的尼古拉斯扮演惯犯的尼古拉斯.凯奇利用激光技术交换了面凯奇利用激光技术交换了面凯奇利用激光技术交换了面凯奇利用激光技术交换了面孔。故事情节围绕着他们身份的变换而展开。孔。故事情节围绕着他们身份的变换而展开。孔。故事情节围绕着他们身份的变换而展开。孔。故事情节围绕着他们身份的变换而展开。n n然而这样的然而这样的然而这样的然而这样的“变脸变脸变脸变脸”术可能会被许多人滥用，其中术可能会被许多人滥用，其中术可能会被许多人滥用，其中术可能会被许多人滥用，其中不仅仅有那些想改变容颜的罪犯，甚至会有许多不仅仅有那些想改变容颜的罪犯，甚至会有许多不仅仅有那些想改变容颜的罪犯，甚至会有许多不仅仅有那些想改变容颜的罪犯，甚至会有许多普通人，旨在换一张更具有吸引力的脸。普通人，旨在换一张更具有吸引力的脸。普通人，旨在换一张更具有吸引力的脸。普通人，旨在换一张更具有吸引力的脸。n n 彼得彼得彼得彼得.白特勒医生，作为伦敦皇家公立医院整行白特勒医生，作为伦敦皇家公立医院整行白特勒医生，作为伦敦皇家公立医院整行白特勒医生，作为伦敦皇家公立医院整行外科大夫，目前正致力于脸部移植术的研究。他外科大夫，目前正致力于脸部移植术的研究。他外科大夫，目前正致力于脸部移植术的研究。他外科大夫，目前正致力于脸部移植术的研究。他说道，说道，说道，说道，“现在的问题不在于我们是否能够办到，而现在的问题不在于我们是否能够办到，而现在的问题不在于我们是否能够办到，而现在的问题不在于我们是否能够办到，而在于我们是否应该这样做。在目前情况下，技术在于我们是否应该这样做。在目前情况下，技术在于我们是否应该这样做。在目前情况下，技术在于我们是否应该这样做。在目前情况下，技术已不是问题，而我们所关已不是问题，而我们所关已不是问题，而我们所关已不是问题，而我们所关切的是我们是否应该利切的是我们是否应该利用此项技术。用此项技术。”19n nLines 19-28n nn nRevolve around:have as a center or the main subject 围绕围绕展开展开n nExamples:n n1)Because the whole family revolves around him he is regarded as the in the palm.n n2)Their talk tends to revolve mostly around the coming party.20n nidentity:who or what a particular person or thing is 身份，本身，身份，本身，n nExamples:n n1)A travelers passport established his identity.n n2)There was no clue to the identity of the murder.21n nIt is not a question but It is not a question but n n不是一个什么问题而是什么什么不是一个什么问题而是什么什么不是一个什么问题而是什么什么不是一个什么问题而是什么什么n nExamples:Examples:n n1)It is not a question whether you can go there but 1)It is not a question whether you can go there but should you go there.should you go there.n n2)It is not a question whether he can help you but 2)It is not a question whether he can help you but should he help you.should he help you.n n n nHave concern whether Have concern whether 关注关注关注关注是否是是否是是否是是否是n nExamples:Examples:n n1)The flood is under control but we have concerns 1)The flood is under control but we have concerns whether it will come again.whether it will come again.n n2)He got the job but be has concerns whether he 2)He got the job but be has concerns whether he might lose it someday.might lose it someday.n n 22n nLines 29-42Lines 29-42n n 并非人人适用并非人人适用并非人人适用并非人人适用n n 脸新型显微外科器械，以及更好的抗排斥药物脸新型显微外科器械，以及更好的抗排斥药物脸新型显微外科器械，以及更好的抗排斥药物脸新型显微外科器械，以及更好的抗排斥药物都促使了这项移植术更接近于成功。都促使了这项移植术更接近于成功。都促使了这项移植术更接近于成功。都促使了这项移植术更接近于成功。n n 医生们必须从捐献者脸上取走或采集到人脸供医生们必须从捐献者脸上取走或采集到人脸供医生们必须从捐献者脸上取走或采集到人脸供医生们必须从捐献者脸上取走或采集到人脸供血所需的八根不同的血管，其中四根是动脉血管，血所需的八根不同的血管，其中四根是动脉血管，血所需的八根不同的血管，其中四根是动脉血管，血所需的八根不同的血管，其中四根是动脉血管，四根是静脉血管。四根是静脉血管。四根是静脉血管。四根是静脉血管。n n 另外一组医生则从接受者脸上拿下或撕下整张另外一组医生则从接受者脸上拿下或撕下整张另外一组医生则从接受者脸上拿下或撕下整张另外一组医生则从接受者脸上拿下或撕下整张脸孔，包括面部肌肉，皮肤以及皮下脂肪，其过脸孔，包括面部肌肉，皮肤以及皮下脂肪，其过脸孔，包括面部肌肉，皮肤以及皮下脂肪，其过脸孔，包括面部肌肉，皮肤以及皮下脂肪，其过程犹如程犹如程犹如程犹如“脱手套脱手套脱手套脱手套”一般。一般。一般。一般。n n 外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，并得到他们家属的同意。并得到他们家属的同意。并得到他们家属的同意。并得到他们家属的同意。23n nLines 29-42Lines 29-42n n n nDevice:something made for a particular purpose Device:something made for a particular purpose 装置、发明物、策略装置、发明物、策略装置、发明物、策略装置、发明物、策略n nExample:Example:n nHe made a device t let the door shut by itself.He made a device t let the door shut by itself.n nConsent:agreement or permission Consent:agreement or permission 同意许可同意许可同意许可同意许可n nExamples:Examples:n n1)I ought to have asked for your consent 1)I ought to have asked for your consent beforehand.beforehand.n n2)I still cant conceive how you managed to get his 2)I still cant conceive how you managed to get his consent.consent.n n 24n nAttach:n n1)Fasten or join 联络联络 加入加入n nExample:Be sure to attach the label to your luggage.n n2)Bind by love 依附依附n nExample:Tom was so attached to has mother.n n25n nLines 43-56Lines 43-56n n 外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，外科医生们说，最大的障碍将是寻找到捐献者，并得到他们家属的同意。并得到他们家属的同意。并得到他们家属的同意。并得到他们家属的同意。n n 一旦医生们得到了捐献者的脸孔，他们便开始一旦医生们得到了捐献者的脸孔，他们便开始一旦医生们得到了捐献者的脸孔，他们便开始一旦医生们得到了捐献者的脸孔，他们便开始接上控制面部活动和感觉的神经。如果无法完成接上控制面部活动和感觉的神经。如果无法完成接上控制面部活动和感觉的神经。如果无法完成接上控制面部活动和感觉的神经。如果无法完成神经再生，移植术将是枉费工夫。同样，通过极神经再生，移植术将是枉费工夫。同样，通过极神经再生，移植术将是枉费工夫。同样，通过极神经再生，移植术将是枉费工夫。同样，通过极其细小的显微缝合，捐献者的血管必须和接受者其细小的显微缝合，捐献者的血管必须和接受者其细小的显微缝合，捐献者的血管必须和接受者其细小的显微缝合，捐献者的血管必须和接受者的血管相连结。的血管相连结。的血管相连结。的血管相连结。n n 白特勒医生说，尽管接受者脸部移植术的人不白特勒医生说，尽管接受者脸部移植术的人不白特勒医生说，尽管接受者脸部移植术的人不白特勒医生说，尽管接受者脸部移植术的人不会和他的供给者长得一模一样，但是皮肤的肌理会和他的供给者长得一模一样，但是皮肤的肌理会和他的供给者长得一模一样，但是皮肤的肌理会和他的供给者长得一模一样，但是皮肤的肌理和光度，面部表情却相差无几。和光度，面部表情却相差无几。和光度，面部表情却相差无几。和光度，面部表情却相差无几。26n n 白特勒医生还说，只有极少数精选者，才可接白特勒医生还说，只有极少数精选者，才可接白特勒医生还说，只有极少数精选者，才可接白特勒医生还说，只有极少数精选者，才可接受该项移植术，他们可能是：因为烧伤而严重破受该项移植术，他们可能是：因为烧伤而严重破受该项移植术，他们可能是：因为烧伤而严重破受该项移植术，他们可能是：因为烧伤而严重破相的人，曾经接受过脸部外科手术的癌症患者，相的人，曾经接受过脸部外科手术的癌症患者，相的人，曾经接受过脸部外科手术的癌症患者，相的人，曾经接受过脸部外科手术的癌症患者，或是在意外事故中被毁容的人。或是在意外事故中被毁容的人。或是在意外事故中被毁容的人。或是在意外事故中被毁容的人。n n “我们的移植术是出于想帮助那些有严重的面貌我们的移植术是出于想帮助那些有严重的面貌我们的移植术是出于想帮助那些有严重的面貌我们的移植术是出于想帮助那些有严重的面貌缺陷而苦苦挣扎的人们。如果我们的意图能充分缺陷而苦苦挣扎的人们。如果我们的意图能充分缺陷而苦苦挣扎的人们。如果我们的意图能充分缺陷而苦苦挣扎的人们。如果我们的意图能充分地向公众说明的话，人们或许会克服对它的厌恶地向公众说明的话，人们或许会克服对它的厌恶地向公众说明的话，人们或许会克服对它的厌恶地向公众说明的话，人们或许会克服对它的厌恶感。感。感。感。”n n 但是白特勒医生充分意识到尚有很多公众仍然但是白特勒医生充分意识到尚有很多公众仍然但是白特勒医生充分意识到尚有很多公众仍然但是白特勒医生充分意识到尚有很多公众仍然对这种移植术感到不安。在他进行调查的确对这种移植术感到不安。在他进行调查的确对这种移植术感到不安。在他进行调查的确对这种移植术感到不安。在他进行调查的确120120人人人人中，无一人愿意捐献出自己的容貌。中，无一人愿意捐献出自己的容貌。中，无一人愿意捐献出自己的容貌。中，无一人愿意捐献出自己的容貌。n n 他说，他说，他说，他说，“对于这个问题进行一次全社会的充分辩对于这个问题进行一次全社会的充分辩对于这个问题进行一次全社会的充分辩对于这个问题进行一次全社会的充分辩论是很有必要的。论是很有必要的。论是很有必要的。论是很有必要的。”27Lines 43-56n nTone:n n1)The sound of a voice or of a musical instrument 声调，口气声调，口气n nExample:I dont like you talking to me in that tone.n n2)Shade(for color);degree(of light)n nExample:The room is furnished in various tone of brown.n nn nSevere:very bad,hard;not kind or gentle 严重的；凶残的严重的；凶残的n nExample:His quick recovery from a severe illness was surprising.28n nOvercome:successfully deal with and control a Overcome:successfully deal with and control a problem or a feeling.problem or a feeling.克服克服克服克服n nExamples:Examples:n n1)Finally he overcome his fear of height.1)Finally he overcome his fear of height.n n2)The learner of a second language has many 2)The learner of a second language has many obstacles to overcomeobstacles to overcome.n n n nBe aware:be known Be aware:be known 意识到，知道意识到，知道意识到，知道意识到，知道n nExamples:Examples:n n1)I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.1)I was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was.n n2)She is aware that Im leaving for Honking.2)She is aware that Im leaving for Honking.n n3)You must be aware what you did was quite illegal 3)You must be aware what you did was quite illegal.29n nCarry out:perform 执行，实施执行，实施n nExamples:n n1)The government has worked out a new plan to help than,and it will be carried out next year.n n2)They will take some measures to make sure that all the proposals will be carried out.n nDebate:formal discussion 辩论辩论n nExample:There had a heated debate on the question of capital punishment.n n 30n n1.Rise,arise,arouse n n首先，首先，rise,arise 是是vi,raise,arouse 是是vt n n其次，其次，rise（rose，risen）意为）意为“升起，增升起，增高高,增涨增涨”n nEg.The sun rose at seven oclock.n n太阳七点钟升起。太阳七点钟升起。n nThe river is rising after the rain.n n雨后河水涨了。雨后河水涨了。31n n1.Rise,arise,arouse n narise（arose，arisen）意为）意为“开始发生，出开始发生，出现，产生现，产生”arise from“起源于，发生于起源于，发生于”固搭固搭Eg.Problems arose from the outset.一开始就产生了很多问题。一开始就产生了很多问题。32n n1.Rise,arise,arouse n n1.arouse ones interest/sympathy“唤起某唤起某人的兴趣人的兴趣/同情心同情心”n n2.arouse sb.唤醒某人唤醒某人 n nEg He fell into a sound sleep,dont arouse him.n n他睡熟了，别唤醒他。他睡熟了，别唤醒他。33n nDress,put,wearwear:To carry or have on the person as covering,adornment,or protection.穿着，穿着，戴着。一般用于穿戴这一戴着。一般用于穿戴这一“状态状态”i.e.He was wearing a jacket.n n他穿着一件夹克他穿着一件夹克 34n nDress put,weardress:to put clothes on（someone）.为为（使）（使）.穿上衣服穿上衣服,用作被动语态时可以作用作被动语态时可以作状态。状态。i.e.He was dressed in a blue coat.n n他穿着一件蓝色外套。他穿着一件蓝色外套。My brother is handicapped so I have to dress her.n n我弟弟残疾了，所以我必须为他穿衣服。我弟弟残疾了，所以我必须为他穿衣服。35n nDress put,wearn nput on:to clothe oneself with(an article of clothing).穿穿(衣服，袜子衣服，袜子.)。强调穿的这一。强调穿的这一“动作动作”，一般不用于状态：，一般不用于状态：i.e.put on a coat;穿外套穿外套 put socks on.穿袜子穿袜子 36