新人教版八年级英语上册unit3知识点总结.docx

8、铁生锈的原因是什么？人们怎样防止铁生锈？8、我们把铁钉一半浸在水里，一半暴露在空气中，过几天我们发现铁钉在空气中的部分已经生锈，在水中的部分没有生锈。通过实验，我们得出铁生锈与空气有关。18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。答：火柴燃烧、铁钉生锈、白糖加热等。答：优点：占地小，避免了垃圾污染地下水，产生的热量还可以用来发电。9、物质的变化一般分为物理变化和化学变化。化学变化伴随的现象很多，最重要的特点是产生了新物质。物质发生化学变化的过程中一定发生了物理变化。18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。2、1969年7月，美国的“阿波罗11号”载人飞船成功地在月球上着陆。2、昆虫种类繁多，分布很广，它们有着和其他动物不同的身体构造和本领。18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister 基础单词Section Aadj.外向的 adj.更好的；较好的 adv.大声地；高声地；花俏地 adv.安静地；悄悄地；平静地 adj.勤勉的；努力工作的 n.竞争；比赛 adj.极好的；了不起的 adj.哪一个；哪一些 adv.清楚地；显然地 v.赢；赢得；获胜；获得n.胜利 Section B虽然；尽管； adj.有才能的；有天赋的 adv.真实地；真诚地；正确地 关心(短语) adj.严肃的；严重的；庄重的 n.镜子；反映 n. 孩子，小孩 只要(短语) adj.必要的；必然的 和.不同(短语) adj.两者都pron.两者 拿出；推出(短语) n. 成绩 应该；可能；应当；将要 与.同样的(短语) n. 名言 v.到达；伸出；达成； n.援手 vt.触摸；感动 n.心脏；内心 事实上；实际上；确切地说(短语) v.打碎；折断；违背；解决；中断 n. 胳膊 v.笑；嘲笑 n.笑声；笑料 vt.分享，共享；分配；共有 adj.大声的；adv.大声地；响亮地_ 类似于；与.相似(短语) 小学(短语) n.信息；情报；资料；通知_ 重要短语Section A1. both A and B A和B都2. both of 两者都3. play the drums 敲鼓4. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗，5. as+形容词/副词+as. 与一样，6. not as/so+形容词/副词+as 不如7. the singing competition 歌咏比赛8. the most important 最重要的9. something new 一些新的东西10. have fun doing sth. 过得愉快11. get up 起床 12. work hard 努力工作；学习13. run fast 跑得快Section B1. be talented in 在方面有天赋2. the same as 与相同3.(truly) care about (真正)关心/留意/关注4. make sb. do sth. 使某人笑 5. be different from 与不同6. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友7. as long as 只要；与一样长8. bring out 拿出；推出 9. in fact 事实上；实际 10. primary school 小学12. get better grades取得好成绩，13. reach for伸手达到/达到 14. touch ones heart 感动，17. be good at 在某方面成绩好，18. the other另一个，19. be similar to 与相似， 20. be good with 与和睦相处21. be like a mirror 像一面镜子22. be friendly with sb. 对某人很友好23. Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事的。24. the most important thing is to 最重要的事是. 重点讲解Section A形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。1规则变化构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er，-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-stnice（好的）large（大的）nicerlargernicestlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er， -esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily2不规则变化原级比较级最高级good（好的）well（健康的）betterbestbad（坏的）ill（有病的）worseworstold（老的）older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many（多的）moremostlittle（少的）lessleastfar（远的）farther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：双音节副词的比较级一般在前加 more/最高级在前加 most：more loudly, clearly, quietly/ most clearly, quietly, loudly. 但是，friendly 和healthy是形容词他们 的比较是：friendlier 和healthier. 最高级是：friendliest, healthiesttalented, crowded 的比较级都是在前加more。more talented, more crowded, 句子结构：1.A+ be动词/谓语动词+形容词/副词的比较级+than+B2.A+ be动词/谓语动词+as+形容词/副词的原级+as +B3.A+ be动词/谓语动词+not+as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as +B4. the+比较级；the+比较级 越就越 Eg: The harder you work at your study, the better grades you will have.5. 比较级 and 比较级 表示越来越 Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.注：much, a little 修饰比较级，用在比较级之前。Eg；1. Im _ than my little brother. He is always very shy. A. cleverer B. taller C. quieter D. more outgoing 2. Our school is _ than their school. A. much beautiful B. much more beautiful C. more much beautiful D. a little beautiful3. Mike always does his homework as _ as the exams. A. good B. well C. better D. best 4. _ friends you have, _ you will be. A. More; happier B. The more; the happier C. More; more happy D. The more; the more happy5.这本字典不如你想象的那样有用。 This dictionary_ useful _you think.2. 区别win和beat。win 意为“赢，战胜，打败”，后接比赛，战斗，辩论，奖品，钱等。win a game赢得比赛beat 意为“打败，战胜”，后接人和集体。beat a team 战胜/打败一队Eg: -Who _ the tennis game yesterday?- Jack, he _ all the others.A. beat; won B. won; won C .beat ;beat D. won; beat Section B1. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事Eg；- You look so tired.- My mother makes me _ playing the piano for 2 hours every day.A. practice B. to practice C. practicing 2. 辨析：reach, get to与arrive reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。 E.g. They reached Hangzhou yesterday. get to后接地点名词，如果接there，here或home等地点副词，to必须省略。 E.g. How did you get to the station？ arrive到达国家、城市等大的地方用in，到迭学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there，here或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。 E.g. I_ the company three hours ago. They _ Hangzhou yesterday. 能力测评一. 汉译英。1. 相反的观点_ 2. 跑得快 _3. 跳得高 _ 4. 工作努力 _5. 擅长 _ 6. 赢得比赛 _7. 使显现 _ 8. 两者都_9. 玩得开心_ 10. 关心，在意_二. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. She is a little _(heavy) than her sister.2. This book is _(interest) and I like it very much.3. He is not funny, and he is always very _(serious).4. Is Jack talented in _(play) soccer?5. Lucy always _(beat) me in swimming.6. A true friend _ (reach) for your hand and _ (touch)your heart.7. She is very funny and often makes me _(laugh).8. I enjoy_(sing). I want to be a singer when I grow up.9. Here are _(photo) of my brother.10. There are some _(different) between the twins.三根据题意从括号内选择适当的单词完成下列句子。1. I am a little _ (short, shorter) than my brother.2. Helen is the _ (young, younger) of the two.3. The _ (soon, sooner) you come here, the _ (good, better) it will be.4. She studies _ (well, better) than me.5. Shanghai is bigger than _ (any, any other) city in China.四. 单项选择。1. My friend is the same _ me. We are _ quiet.A. as; both B. as; all C. to; both D. to; all2. Is Tara shorter than Tina? Yes, she is _ Tina.A. as tall as B. not as tall as C. taller than D. as taller as3. Pedro is quite funny. He often makes us _ .A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed4. Tom has _ than Sam and he is as young as Sam.A. short hair B. shorter hair C. a short hair D. short hairs5. You can go out _ you promise(许诺) to be back before 11 oclock.A. as good as B. as far as C. as long as D. as short as6. There are some _ between Pedro and Paul.A. different Bdifferences C. difference D. differents7. I want to find a friend who is similar _ me.A. with B. as C. to D. for8. Who runs _,Tom or Jim?A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast9. John is _ than Peter.A. funnier B. fun C. funny D. more funny10. My sister is _ more outgoing than me.A. more B. most C. a little D. little11. _like sports and are outgoing.A. Both of them B. Both they C. They are both D. They both are12. The new teacher is quite _ Mr. Wang. I like her better.A. different from B. the same as C. difference D. the same to13. Who is _ , Maria or May? I think May _.A. smart; is B. very smart; does C. smarter; does D. smarter; is14. The tiger _ the cat.A. looks the same B. looks the same likeC. looks the same as D. looks like the same15. Look! Your bag is a little smaller than _.A. his B. her C. my D. their五. 完形填空。I have a twin sister. Kitty. She has _1_hair than me. I dont like long hair. Many people think we _2_have lots of things in common. Im afraid this is not true. When my parents friends come to our home, Kitty often sits there and says _3_, but I like to talk with them. So she is _4_than me. Kitty likes reading, drawing and cooking. I just like swimming and playing basketball. She has _5_hobbies than me, but she is not as athletic _6_me. Because Kitty does _7_than me at school, my parents often say to me, “_8_Kitty is younger than you, you should learn _9_her.” We do have some similarities(相似之处), however. For example, we _10_like eating fast food, going shopping and listening to pop music.1. A. longer B. long C. short D. shorter2. A. can B. shouldC. must D. need3. A. something B. nothing C. anythingD. everything4. A. quieter B. younger C. wilder D. busier5. A. much B. more C. lessD. fewer6. A. than B. as C. to D. for7. A. worse B. bad C. betterD. good8. A. If B. No matter C. AlthoughD.As9. A. with B. from C. asD. by10.A.either B. all C. both D. two 六、阅读理解。 ASmith is one of my friends. He can run very fast and he is always ready to show people how fast he can run.One day a thief breaks into his house, takes some things of his and runs off as fast as he can. Smith runs after him and shouts, “Stop! Stop! Dont you know you cant run away from me?”But the thief only runs faster. Smith gets angry. He tries his best to run. He is soon a few miles (英里) away from his home. He doesnt look at anything or anybody and is still rushing(冲) alone when he runs into me.“Why are you in a hurry?” I ask.“I am trying to catch a thief.”“But where is the thief?” I ask.“Far, far behind me.” Says Smith with a smile on the face.“He thinks he can run faster than I, but you see he is wrong.”6. Smith wants everybody to know that _. A. he is good at running B. he jumps high C. he is ready to run7. Someone takes away some things from his house and then _.A. goes out of his house B. goes into his houseC. runs away quickly8. Smith gets angry because the thief _.A. takes away something good B. does not stop runningC. runs faster than before9. Smith is very glad to tell his friend _.A. he catches the thief B. he runs much faster than the thiefC. he is miles and miles behind the thief10. Where is the thief?A. He runs away. B. He runs after Smith. C. He stops to watch Smith running.BA little mouse thinks he is the tallest and strongest animal in the world. His mother says to him “Dont say you are the strongest in front of an elephant. He doesnt like that.”The little mouse doesnt listen to his mother. He goes out to look for the elephant, but he doesnt know who is the elephant. He meets an ant first. He asks her, “Are you an elephant?” “No, I am not,” says the ant.Then the little mouse meets a hare(野兔). He asks her, “Are you an elephant? You are bigger than me.” “No, I am not. An elephant is much bigger,” says the hare. The little mouse goes on.Suddenly he sees four big trees, “Aha, let me climb up one of the trees. Then I can see where the elephant is,” says the little mouse. Then he begins to climb one tree.“Get down! Get down!” someone shouts to him. “Im the elephant. Go and climb that tall tree nearby. Then you can see me.”“Now I see. The elephant is the tallest and strongest animal in the world,” says the little mouse at last.根据短文内容判断正（T）误（F）。1. The little mouse thinks his mother is the tallest and strongest animal in the world.2. The little mouse knows who is the elephant at first.3. The little mouse meets an ant first.4. The little mouse climbs up one of the four trees.5. The little mouse thinks the elephant is the tallest and strongest animal in the world at last.七书面表达。请根据要求写一篇日记。上个休息日(4月24日，星期日，天气晴朗)，我过得非常有趣。上午：去中心动物园，看到一些海豹，一些鲨鱼和海豚表演，然后和朋友一起去打篮球，游泳。中午：在肯德基吃午饭 (汉堡包，可乐，水果冰淇淋等）。下午：去新华书店看书，买了一些礼物。到中山公园游玩并照相。字数： 60-80词April 24th Sunday SunnyLast day off, I had a great time. In the morning, I got up very early. After eating breakfast, I went to Center zoo and saw some seals, sharks and dolphins show. I bought some souvenirs. Then I went out playing basketball with my good friend Jim for one hour, and then we swam at the pool. We had some hamburgers and coke for lunch at KFC. We also had some fruit ice-cream. We had a rest for one and a half hours, then we went to Xinhua bookshop and read some books. We went to Zhongshan Park, we bought some gifts, and the park is very beautiful. We took lots of photos there. We enjoyed ourselves very much.