波纹管液固混合介质隔振器的联合非线性动力学特性.pdf

OIL ANDGASPIPELINEVOL.32Aug.20,2023NO.4 NO.188 totallyOILIDEPOTANDGASSTATION石加第32 卷第4期总第18 8 期2023年8 月出版油库站油油道管波纹管液固混合介质隔振器的联合非线性动力学特性尹士成1陈春?【1国家管网集团东部原油储运有限公司杭州输油分公司浙江杭州310000;2国家管网集团华东公司上海200050摘要：为了改善运载工程中低频重载动力机械的隔振性能，研制了一种气一液一固多介质的波纹管式液固混合介质隔振器。该型隔振器具备分段线性一非线性的刚度特性，其共振频率等动力学特性由分段式刚度诱发的非光滑特性及传统连续光滑非线性段共同确定。本文采用平均法求解了隔振系统的幅频特性响应方程，继而推导出脊骨线的解析表达。研究结果表明：若两种非线性的软、硬特性一致，则隔振装置的整体刚度属性则会得到加强；若二者互异，对于位移响应幅值越过刚度转折点情况下（1），系统的非线性特征则不再是单调渐硬（峰值频率比大于1)或单调渐软（峰值频率比小于1），而是随着外激励由小到大的变化，系统的频响特性可能呈现出一种渐硬（软）到渐软（硬）的过渡变化情形，这是有别于分段双线性模型的地方。本文研究对隔振装置的动力学特性设计具有指导意义。关键词：输油管道波纹管液固混合介质隔振器分段线性一非线性脊骨线目前长距离油气管道运行过程中存在较多较高振动的区域，如泵、压缩机以及部分管段，而低频重载隔振是降低其振动的有效措施之一，同时仍是研究难点与焦点问题之一 1-3，现有隔振技术主要在承载能力、低频隔振、疲劳寿命等方面存在诸多不足，无法满足日益严苛的隔振需求。作为一种气一液一固多工作介质的隔振技术，液固混合介质隔振缓冲概念自提出已发展十余年左右,在结构设计 4、动力学特性 5-6 ,隔振缓冲性能 7 等方面已开展了大量理论与试验研究工作；从结构上来分，又可分为活塞式、波纹管式及双腔式等。其中波纹管式液固混合介质隔振器因其采用合金波纹管焊接、密封单元体以及油液，因此具备密封性好，承载能力强，疲劳寿命高等优势，可用于动力设备及管道的标准化管理。波纹管式液固混合隔振器具备分段式刚度，通过结构上设计可实现高静态低动态的隔振刚度性能。在隔振器的初始设计阶段，其复杂的分段线性非线性的刚度特性可简化为分段双线性，进而可采用平均法等解析近似方法分析其频响特性 8 。虽然这种处理方法也足够反映出系统的某些非线性特征，但仍有许多系统特性被掩盖，尤其是在光滑非线性刚度段非线性较强的情形下，这种简化处理带来较大的偏差。因此，在完成隔振装置的初步刚度参数设计后，还需要对其具备分段线性非线性刚度特性的精确动力学模型进行动力学行为校验，以确保设计的可靠性。在目前阶段，针对分段刚度振动系统的动力学响应求解可采用以下几种方法：接缝法 9 、谐波平衡法、增量谐波平衡法 10 以及多尺度等经典摄动法。其中,接缝法在针对分段线性系统响应求解的过程中可以得到响应的精确解，但对于含有非线性刚度段的动力学方程来说，接缝法处理的近似误差则比较大，这是因为现有解析理论只能得到非线性刚度段所对应微分方程的近似解。而在诸如隔振等这样工程问题设计过程中，平均法、多尺度法等近似解析法则可以有效使用，因为这些方法可以给出频域上隔振系统的动力学频率响应特性，这对设计人员掌握隔振装置的固有特性带来便利，如可以方便地估算出隔振有效频带等，但同时这种处理方法也因为平均化处理“磨平”了刚度转折点处非光滑尖角带来的典型非光滑动力学特性。收稿日期：2 0 2 3-0 5-2 9。作者简介：尹士成（19 7 1），男，19 9 5年毕业于武汉食品工业学院油脂工程专业，本科，学士，工程师，现从事成品油运营管理等工作。尹士成陈春波纹管液固混合介质隔振器的联非线性动力学特性油气管道鉴于本课题所研究隔振器具备分段线性一非线性特性,因此该隔振系统的完整动力学特性应由非线性刚度段的连续光滑非线性与整体视角上的分段非光滑两种非线性联合决定。为了考察这种联合非线性对隔振系统的共振频率等特性的影响，本文将重点研究频响特性方程、脊骨线推导与参数分析，并进一步说明对隔振工程设计的指导意义。1隔振器的动力学模型图1给出了波纹管液固混合介质隔振器的结构样件及其分段式的刚度特性曲线。10000800060004000N/回聘2000分段双线性（近似）0转折点-2000-4000分段线性-非线性（精确）-6000-0.010-0.00500.0050.010轴向位移/m(a）结构样件(b）刚度特性图1波纹管液固混合介质隔振器对于分段线性非线性波纹管液固混合介质隔振系统，其单自由度动力学方程为：mx+cx+fi(x)=Fcos(wt)(1)其中：m为负载质量；c为阻尼系数；为加速度；为速度；x为位移;fi（）为弹性恢复力；w为转动圆频率;t为时间变量；Fcos（w t）为外界激振力。而弹性恢复力和位移的分段关系为：32x+3xa+f（x(2)Lix+(-,)(x-a其中：12和3为非线性段的刚度系数；为线性段的刚度系数；。对于刚度转折点的位移坐标,亦称为临界位移。将式(1)进一步处理得：C（x)Fx+一x+coswt(3)mmm令上式中,8=1_B,=25,00=28500,1=0g1m以及=F，=s F。，8 为非线性标度因子,为阻尼m比,F。、F，均为质量归一的激励幅值。将其代人方程(3）后可整理为：x+wgx=8Focoswt-2wox-wf,(x)(4)其中，2323(xa.)8181f(x)=(5)8112幅频响应特性及脊骨线方程2.1幅频特性方程为了采用平均法 进行求解幅频响应方程，设=(1+)，方程的一阶解为x=acos(wt-),x=-awsin(ot-o),=wt-o。式中。为派生线性系统固有频率；为调谐参数；为相角。进而可将式（4)整理为：x+wx=eFocoswt-2wo-waf,(x)+wgox(6)令fi(x,x,wt)=Focoswt-2wox-waf,(x)+wggx和f(x,x)=-25wot-wif(x)。最终可得到平均方程：da28fi(acosp,-awsinp,+o)dt20J08cospdp:(a,o)-Fosingo20(7)doo2T8fi(acos,-awsinp,p+o)dt20aJosinpdo8=2-(a,o)+Focosdo其中，2(a,w)=1fo(acosp,-awsinp)TJocospdp+wgaa(8)2d(a,)=1(fo(acosp,-awsinp)TJosingpdp2awwod(a,a(10)8TT2sindpoTT2w.aosin(PoTTTT+8sin(po)cos(o)TT16sin(o)Woao128T8sin(Po)coss(Po6sin(Po)cos+o128TT(a,w)128T9sin(0)cos(0)+90+VOL.32NO.4NO.188totallyAug 20,2023OILDEPOTANDGASSTATION石第4期总第18 8 期2023年8 月出版第32 卷加库油油站油气管道OILANDGASPIPELINE值得注意的是由于弹性恢复力为分段线性的，所以上式的积分计算需要分段积分：2323十8181(xx)f.(x)=，02(xx3a(x-a.)-8181o，式中Po为对应刚度转折点的相位。2-P02。2-P0(9)将f（x）代人积分式（8）后，可积分得和分别为：因此，幅频方程和相频方程分别为d?+4?=F(12)tano二(13)业若设入。一，入。为无量纲激励频率。=-Wo,根据a。=a c o s o,则有 o=arccos(B1sinpo进而可将幅频B,cosPo方程整理为：ao339sin(00)cos(00)+90+6sin(00)cos(00)+12T-8sin(s0)cos(s0)-16agsin(00)+12元gao-(e-singocoso640-1)+T2ewga singo+2wgdga3/,sinpo+2z/jwgagsinpo2+TT(ao5i入。)2 =F(14)显然，以上幅频方程只针对稳态振幅超过临界位移的情况，而当稳态振幅尚未达到临界位移时，此时转折。=T,所以此时系统的频响函数为：paas-(A-1)aipao+4gdtix=F23(15)2.2与分段双线性近似模型幅频特性的比较主要从幅频响应特性角度考量近似的分段双线性模型与精确的分段线性一非线性模型的偏差，以及近似模型对设计带来的实际影响。根据图2 所示结果可以看出，若实际波纹管液固混合介质隔振器被忽略的非线性为渐软特性，即近似设计共振频率比实际共振频率略大；而如果实际隔振器光滑非线性段体现渐硬特性，则实际精确共振频率比预估的更大。对于波纹管液固混合介质隔振器而言，其光滑段的非线性主要来自于单元体内部气体变形以及波纹管薄壁结构在大变形情况下的结构非线性，一般通过准静态试验拟合得到该非线性刚度段的代数表达式。3.0近似分段双线性2.5精确分段（硬）非线性-线性2.0精确分段（软）非线性-线性1.5穿越情形位移临界线1.0非穿越情形0.500.800.85 0.900.951.001.051.101.15 1.20频率比入。图2精确模型与近似分段双线性系统的幅频特性的比较幅频特性的比较2.3脊骨线推导对于线性振动系统，随着激励的变化，线性系统的共振频率始终保持不变。但对于非线性系统，随着激励的变化，共振频率会随激励水平的改变而改变，而脊骨线则是表征非线性系统共振频率随激励水平偏移程度的曲线。为了求得脊骨线，在方程（14）中，令：Zao:39sin(o)cos(o)+9o+126sin(o)cos(o)i22Z2一88sin(o)cos($o)12元16aisin($o),8尹士成陈春波纹管液固混合介质隔振器的联合非线性动力学特性油气管道840-1)Z,=gao(8-8sinpocospoTT2e0ga sing0+20gdga,/,sing0+2a,/a,gad sing0Z4=TT进而可以求得脊骨线方程则为：(16)wiao3隔振系统的非线性特性影响分析液固混合介质隔振系统在刚度的整体特性上体现为非光滑特征，具体则表现为连续的分段非线性线性恢复力曲线，如图1（b）所示，图2 结论已经证实了这种非光滑因素体现为软弹簧特性。所以为了进一步研究非线性段的非线性软硬特性联合非光滑非线性因素共同作用对系统共振特性的影响，本文则根据非线性段刚度的渐软、渐硬特性分两种情况进行系统讨论。在物理意义上，由于非线性段刚度是由波纹管薄壁容器及单元体的结构弹性共同产生,其非线性主要是由于结构变形时的几何非线性所造成。所以在实际中隔振装置的非线性刚度段的软、硬特性则取决于波纹管弹性结构的力一变形关系，一般由实测得到。3.1渐软特性情形对于非线性系统，脊骨线解析涵义是共振峰值随激励大小变化而产生的偏移，不同强弱的非光滑特性下，系统呈现出不同的脊骨线特性，而非光滑性的强弱在本文中由非线性因子标度。图3则给出了不同的取值下隔振系统脊骨线的变化情况。2.58=0.22.08=0.4纯线性隔振系统的脊骨线1.58=0.6位移临界线穿越情形1.0非穿越情形0.500.800.850.900.951.001.051.101.151.20频率比入图3不同非线性因子。下隔振系统的脊骨线特性在图3中，当1），越大的非线性因子取值，脊骨线偏往零频方向更加靠近，即非光滑加强了隔振装置刚度的软弹簧特性。所以，如果在设计阶段，设计人员按照隔振装置的近似分段双线性刚度设计共振频率，则结果相较于真实值就会更大一些相应地，图4给出了不同非线性因子下隔振系统的位移幅频特性曲线。从图4可以看出，其共振峰的畸变情况与上述脊骨线分析是一致的，系统峰值频率比小于1，即在光滑非线性与非光滑非线性共同作用下，波纹管液固混合介质隔振装置的共振频率往低频方向偏移，体现渐软特性。3.02.58=0.6.8=0.22.01.5位移临界线穿越情形1.0非穿越情形0.500.800.850.900.951.001.051.101.151.20频率比入图4不同非线性因子下隔振系统的位移幅频特性曲线3.2渐硬特性情形对于渐硬光滑段的隔振系统，实际上对通过本文所加工的隔振装置样件非线性刚度段的拟合可以发现本文研究对象属于该情形，通过对图1由于渐硬的光滑非线性和渐软的非光滑非线性存在“竞争”关系，所以很难断定系统最终的动力学行为具有何种特性。非线性因素的强弱自然是最主要的影响因素，而激振力幅值（即响应幅值）也是主要影响因素之一。如图5所示，此时需要综合判断：当=0时,即此时隔振系统不存在非光滑非线性,因此脊骨线偏移完全由光滑非线性刚度段的刚度来决定，此时体现为渐硬特性；当8=0.2 时，对于 1),the nonlinearcharacteristics of the system are no longer monotoni-cally hardening(with a peak to frequency ratio greaterthan 1)or monotonicaliy softening（w i t h a p e a k t ofrequency ratio less than 1).However,as the externalexcitation changes from small to large,the frequencyresponse characteristics of the system may exhibit atransition from gradually hardening(soft)to gradu-ally softening(hard),which is different from piece-wise bilinear models.This study has guiding signifi-cance for the dynamic characteristics design of vibra-tion isolation devices.Key words:oil pipeline,corrugated pipe,liquid-solid mixture,vibration isolator,piecewise linearnonlinear,spine line.INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY10 Research and Application of a Digital DeliveryBased Full Lifecycle Management System for OilStorage Equipment.Zhou Jin,Lu Hang,Zhang Jian-feng,Yan Yan,Yang Fei.Abstract:In view of the fact that the information de-livery of oil depot engineering,projects adopts themethod of file acceptance,which is realized by filingpaper text or electronic data,the delivery process iscumbersome,and the delivery data is difficult to re-use,leading to incomplete information in the wholelifecycle_of oil depot equipment,which is not con-venient for information management and applicationduring the operation period of oil depot,a set of fulllifecycle management system for oil depot equipmentbased on digital delivery has been developed for Sin-opec Jiangsu Petroleum Products Company.A de-tailed introduction was given to the definition of dig-ital delivery,the overall architecture of the system,and the application of the system.The application ofthis system is of great significance in reducing equip-ment failures,fully utilizing equipment efficiency,improving equipment utilization,ensuring safe andefficient operation of equipment,providing accurateand timely information for enterprises,saving opera-tion and maintenance costs,and improving the levelof equipment lifecycle management.Key words:oil depot,equipment,full lifecycle,management,information,systems,research anddevelopment,applicationSAFETYTECHNOLOGY14 Discussion on Safety Interlock and Alarm Settingfor High and Low Liquid Levels in Vertical OiTanks.Zhao JianjunAbstract:In order to accurately and reasonably de-termine the high and low level safety interlock,a-larm height,and alarm,response of_ vertical oiltanks,not only ensuring the safety of oil storage anddelivery,but also maximizing the effective storagecapacity of oil tanks under low inventory operation,in accordance with the standards Code for design ofoil depot(GB 50074-2014)and Design specifi-cations for tank farms of storage and transportationsystem in petrochemical industry（SH/T 30 0 7 -2014),and in combination with work practices,the setting method,calculation formula,and alarmresponse method for safety interlock and alarm ofhigh and low liquid levels in oil tanks are proposed,and an example is given for demonstration and verifi-cation.,At the same time,some suggestions are putforward for further improving the safety interlock ofhigh and low liquid levels in oil tanks.Key words:oil product,vertical storage tank,highand low liquid level,safety,interlocking,alarm,setting,discussion.GREENENERGY17 Market Prospect Analysis of Distributed Methanol-to-Hydrogen Production Technology in Gas Sta-tion.Li Zhixuan.Abstract:Taking the first integrated methanol-to-hydrogen production and hydrogen refueling sta-tion in China as an example,the distributed metha-nol-to-hydrogen production technology in gas sta-tion is briefly introduced,and the application pros-pect is analyzed.The distributed methanol-to=hy-drogen production technology in the station is a tech-nology based on methanol reforming to produce hy-drogen._This technology uses the characteristics ofhigh hydrogen yield and easy transportation of metha-nol to the hydrogen end.Methanol and water areused for reforming reaction under the action of cata-lyst to obtain mixed gases such as H2,CO2 and CO,and then hydrogen products with purity up to 99.999%are obtained after separation and purification.This technology has the advantages of simple equip-ment,convenient operation,wide applicability,safety and reliability,and is widely used in hydrogenproduction.This technology also has the advantagesof reducing energy waste,environmental protectionand energy conservation,significant economic bene-fits,high product purity,high production efficiency,stable and reliable operation,and simple operation,with broad market application prospects.Key words:distributed methanol-to-hydrogenproduction technology，i n t r o d u c t i o n，a p p l i c a t i o n,prospect,analysis.21 Several Suggestions for Accelerating the Construc-tion of Hydrogen Refueling Station Network.HuangQingsheng.Abstract:The working principle and advantages ofhydrogen fuel cells,as well as the overview of thedevelopment of domestic and foreign hydrogen refue-ling stations are briefly introduced.The difficultiesfaced by the current development of hydrogen refue-ling stations in China are analyzed,and the sugges-tions for promoting the development of hydrogen refu-eling station network are put forward:the first is toplan the layout of hydrogen refueling stations reason-ably using local strong conditions;the second to co-ordinate layout of hydrogen refueling stations accord-ing to market demand;the third is to grasp the rela-tionship between seizing the opportunity and empha-sizing efficiency;the fourth is to choose on-site hy-drogen production technology to reduce operatingcosts in areas with insufficient hydrogen resources.Large state-owned enterprises should play a leadingand main role in promoting the construction of hydro-gen refueling stations.Key words:promotion,hydrogen refueling station,network,construction,suggestion.QUANTITY AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT25 Selection,Installation,and Management of E-quipment Related to Precise Oil Distribution in OilDepots.Zeng Yongzhao,Zhao Ying,He Yifeng,HeJiahui,Xiong Qun,Song Zhaoning.Abstract:The relevant imported and domestic _e-quipment,such as microcomputer_oil distributionsystem,flowmeter,numerical control valve,temper-.I