初中英语专项复习：被动语态.docx

1被动语态的基本形式一、被动语态的结构 被动语态的结构为be动词加动词的过去分词,即“be+done”。在不同的时态中,be动词有不同的形式。二、常用被动语态的情况1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者。Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用)4.动作的发出者是物。Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房子被洪水冲走了。2不同时态的被动语态1.时态和语态的结合是中考的必考点,尤其是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。时态被动语态例句一般现在时am/is/are+doneThe classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时was/were+doneThe kite was made by him.一般将来时will/shall+be doneTrees will be planted by them tomorrow.2.其他时态的被动语态时态被动语态例句现在完成时have/has+been doneThe work has been finished by Jim.过去完成时had+been doneThe work had been finished by Jim by last week.现在进行时am/is/are+being doneThe flowers are being watered by her.过去进行时was/were+being doneA letter was being written by her.过去将来时would/be going to+bedoneHe said a kite would be made by him.3.含有情态动词的被动语态结构为“情态动词+be+done”。Your homework must be finished today.你的作业今天必须完成。3被动语态的技巧指导（1）根据选项定考点单项填空对语态的考查均会结合时态，4个选项中一般包含两个主动语态，两个被动语态；而其对时态的考查一般不会涉及语态。因此，如果选项中出现被动语态，即可判断此题考查被动语态，由此便可排除非被动语态的选项。（2）根据时态选答案首先，考生需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断时态。对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据上下文已经给出的时态、语境理解并结合常识进行判断。如：Tell me one thing youre proud of in your junior high school, Tony.I _ as the captain of the school football team.A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen方法点拨第1步：根据选项A、B为时态，C、D为被动语态可知本题考查被动语态，因此可排除A、B两项。第2步：再根据语境可知，Tony被选为校足球队队长是他初中生活中最值得骄傲的一件事情，说明这是已经发生过的事情，应该用一般过去时。故选D。4常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况（1）主动语态中有些感官动词（如：hear, see, watch, notice等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号to还原，即：hear(see)sb. do sth.sb. be heard(seen) to do sth.。We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.晚上我们经常听到那个女孩在她的房间里唱歌。（2）主动语态中有些使役动词（如：make, let等）后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，同样要把不定式符号to还原，即：make sb. do sth.sb. be made to do sth.。主动结构表示被动意义的情况（1）动词open, read, sell, write等作不及物动词, 且它们的主语为物时。如：The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好用。（2）某些连系动词（如smell, look, taste, feel, sound等）描述某物特性时。如：This kind of flower smells sweet. 这种花闻起来很香。（3）一些动词的主动形式表被动意义。be worth doing中,doing表示被动意义。如：This movie is worth watching. 这部电影值得一看。“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”, to be done 是不定式的被动结构。如：Your car needs washing.= Your car needs to be washed. 你的汽车该洗了。根据汉语意思完成句子1.This kind of pants well.这种裤子卖得好。2.That story interesting.那个故事听起来有趣。3.This book is worth .这本书值得读。4.My watch needs . 我的表需要修理。5.This shop is at 8:00 in the morning. 这家商店早上八点开门。【答案】1.sells2.sounds3.reading4.repairing/to be repaired5.opened中考试练1. Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?Yes, I really like him. He _ by many people around the world.A. admireB. admiresC. is admiredD. is admiring【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“你喜欢著名的篮球明星科比吗？”“是的，我真的喜欢他。他被全世界的许多人所崇拜。”根据关键词“by”可知此处应使用被动语态，即be+动词的过去分词。故选C。2. Your scarf feels soft. Did you buy it in China?No, I bought it in France. But it _ in China.A. is makingB. was madeC. makesD. made【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意为“你的围巾摸起来很柔软。你是在中国买的它吗？”“不，我在法国买的。但是它是在中国制造的。”这里主语it(the scarf)与谓语make是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态。由前一句bought可知是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时。故选B。3. During the APEC summit(峰会), Beijings sky was so blue and clear.It _ APEC blue. But too bad it no longer stays that way.A. is calledB. are calledC. called D. calls【答案】A【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意为“在亚太经济合作组织峰会期间，北京的天空如此地蔚蓝和干净。”“它_APEC蓝。但是很糟糕的是它不再保持那样了。”主语It为单数，且与谓语动词call之间是动宾关系。故选A。4.Chinas hot words, like tuhao, dama and lianghui, _ in the western media(媒体).A. use widelyB. is widely usedC. uses widelyD. are widely used【答案】D【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意:汉语热词,比如“土豪”、“ 大妈”和“两会”, _ 于西方媒体。本句主语words和use之间是动宾关系,应该使用被动语态。“Chinas hot words”是复数名词短语,故选D。5. _ free breakfasts _ in all schools in China?No, not yet. Only in the rural areas.A. Are; made B. Do; serveC. Are; servedD. Do; make【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析和被动语态。句意“免费早餐在中国所有的学校里都_吗？”“不，还没呢。只有农村地区有。”免费早餐应是被提供。应用被动语态。故选C。6.With the development of China, Chinese _ by a large number of people in the world.A. speaksB. is spokenC. speakD. is speaking【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：随着中国的发展，汉语被世界上大量人讲。“汉语”和“讲”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据语境可知用一般现在时。故选B。7. Why does the earth look blue in space?Because most of the earths surface _ by ocean.A. coversB. is coveredC. coverD. are covered【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“为什么地球在太空中看起来是蓝色的？”“因为地球表面大部分都被海洋_。”主语“most of the earths surface”为第三人称单数，且是动作承受者，客观事实应用一般现在时，此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。8. Emily was glad that she _ for her honesty at that meeting.A. praisesB. praisedC. is praisedD. was praised【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：艾米丽很高兴在那个会议上她因为诚实_。由句意可知，主语she与谓语动词praise之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此应该使用被动语态。再根据关键词“was”和“at that meeting”可知应使用一般过去时。故选D。9. He Jiang _ to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.A. invitesB. invitedC. is invitedD. was invited【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：何江上个月_在哈佛大学毕业典礼上做演讲。何江和邀请之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且根据时间状语“last month”可知应该用一般过去时。故选D。10. Now all Chinese couples _ to have two children.A. allowB. allowedC. are allowedD. were allowed【答案】C【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：现在所有中国夫妻_可以有两个孩子。分析句子结构可知，主语“all Chinese couples”与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语“Now”可知用一般现在时。故选C。11. Have you finished your report on green life?Not yet. Ill make it if I _ another two days.A. giveB. am givenC. will giveD. will be given【答案】B【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意“你完成了关于绿色生活的报告了吗？”“还没有。如果再_我两天时间我就完成了。”分析句子结构可知，主语I应为动作give的承受者，所以应使用被动语态。此处是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则。故选B。12. Paper _ first _ about 2,000 years ago in China.A. is; creating B. is; createdC. has; created D. was; created【答案】D【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：纸大约在2，000年前在中国首先_出来。句子的主语“纸”与谓语“创造”之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，由句中的时间状语“2,000 years ago”可知本句是一般过去时。故选D。13.Maria, I looked for you everywhere at Kevins birthday party yesterday.Oh, I didnt go, because I.A.hasnt invitedB.wasnt invitedC.isnt invitedD.didnt invited【答案】B【解析】句意:玛丽亚,我昨天在凯文的生日聚会上到处找你。哦,我没有去,因为我没有被邀请。本题考查时态和被动语态。由句意可知本空用被动语态,再结合题干中“I didnt go”可知本空用一般过去时态,故本题选择B。14.Why did your school win the basketball game?Because basketballas an after-school activity in our school this term.A.has playedB.was playedC.is playedD.will play【答案】C【解析】句意:为什么你的学校赢得了那场篮球赛?因为这个学期打篮球在我们学校是一项课后活动。本题考查时态和被动语态。basketball和动词play为被动关系,由此可知本空用被动语态,再结合本句的时间状语this term可知本空用一般现在时态,故本题选择C。15.A talk on how to become a successful learnerin the school hall next Monday.A.will giveB.givesC.is givenD.will be given【答案】D【解析】句意:下周一,一个关于如何成为一个成功的学习者的演讲将会在学校大厅进行。本题考查时态和被动语态。本句主语a talk和动词give为被动关系,由此可知本空用被动语态,再结合本句的时间状语next Monday可知本空用一般将来时态,故本题选择D。16.My brother to read by my mother when he was very young.A.teaches B.is taughtC.was teachingD.was taught【答案】D【解析】句意:在我弟弟很小的时候我妈妈就教他读书。本题考查一般过去时态的被动语态。由when引导的时间状语从句可知本空应该用一般过去时,故排除A和B。再结合句意可知本空应为被动语态,故选择D。17.In the future, more and more high-speed railroadsin China.A.are builtB.will buildC.were builtD.will be built【答案】D【解析】句意:在未来,越来越多的高速铁路将在中国被修建。由时间状语“in the future”可知本空用一般将来时态,再根据句意可知本空选择D。18.When shall we go to watch the basketball match?Tomorrow, only if the work .A.will be finishedB.is finishedC.finishes D.will finish【答案】B【解析】句意:我们什么时候去看篮球比赛?明天,只有工作被完成了才可以。由题干中的if可知设空处为条件状语从句的谓语,根据“主将从现”原则可知,本空用一般现在时态,故排除A和D选项。再根据句意可知选择B。19.A lot of treesaround here every year, and we can enjoy fresher air now.A.were plantedB.are plantedC.will plantD.are planting【答案】B【解析】句意:每年许多树在这周围被种植,现在我们能够享受更新鲜的空气了。由于本句话的主语为trees,故本空应用被动语态,故排除C和D两项。由时间状语“every year”可知本空用一般现在时态,故选择B。20.The boytwo notebooks as prizes for his progress last week.A.givesB.will giveC.is givenD.was given【答案】D【解析】句意:上周那个男孩被给予两个笔记本作为他进步的奖品。由句意可知本空应用被动语态,故排除A和B选项。再根据时间状语“last week”可知本题选择D。总结：中考对于被动语态的考查一般会和时态相结合。因此考生在解答此类试题时，首先需要根据关键词（时间状语）来判断出时态，对于没有关键词的试题，则要根据语境理解并结合常识进行判断。其次，根据被动语态的基本结构，动作的承受者（动作的对象，多是名词）在空前、实施者在空后（有时也省略）判断出被动语态直接选择即可。5被动语态在句子中运用完成下列句子1.这些女孩子们一个月之前被教授如何跳舞,现在她们能跳好了。The girlshow to dance a month ago and now they canwell.2.一座桥将在河上被建造。将来它能节省我们很多时间A bridgeover the river. It can save us a lot of time in the future.3.如果学生们被允许拥有兼职工作,他们拥有的学习时间可能就更少了。If studentsto have a part-time job, they may have less time to study.4.We asked him to sing an English song.（改写成被动语态） 5.He gave me a book.（改写成被动语态） .(将间接宾语改为主语) .(将直接宾语改为主语)6.We should take good care of the children.（改写成被动语态） 7.I saw some boys playing football in the playground.（改写成被动语态）8.We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.（改写成被动语态） 【答案】1.were taught，dance2.will be built3.are allowed4.He was asked to sing an English song by us.5.I was given a book by him，A book was given to me by him.6.The children should be taken good care of by us.(of不可省略)7.Some boys were seen playing football in the playground by me.8.The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening by us.