英语动词专项讲解与练习+常见动词短语导学案.doc

中考英语动词专项讲解与练习+常见动词短语导学案
动词
一 、动词的种类：四种
（一）行为动词 ( 如 play study run ) 有具体动作意义
（二）连系动词 （如 is am are get feel keep stay ）等，
后+形容词作表语
（三）情态动词 （如 can may must should would）等，表示禁止、命令、请求等意义，+动词原形
（四）助动词 （如 be +v –ing 中的be ；Do you ….?中的do ；He doesn’t like .中的doesn’t; Did you have….?中的did ）只起语法作用，无意义，不必翻译

二 、动词的形式：
（一）动词原形 如play study run
（二）动词过去式 如 played studied ran
（三）动词三单形式 如 plays studies runs
（四）动词ing 形式 （也叫动名词或现在分词） 如 playing studying running
（五）动词不定式 （即 to +动词原形）如 to play to study to run

三、选择动词正确形式的方法
（一） 主语后需填动词时，注意动词的时态，主要从该句中的时间状语来判断，有时也要从上下语境来判断。如 I (like ) comedies ,but I don’t like thrillers 从后句I don’t like 可判断前句是一般现在时，所以根据主语I 填入like 的原形

注意常见的时态有：
1、一般现在时，常与often ; always .once a week every day 等词或短语连用
2、现在进行时，主语+ be+v-ing 形式，常与look , listen , over there now 祈使句等连用
3、一般将来时 用现在进行时来表示 即 主语+be +v ing 形式，常与 next Sunday tomorrow for vacation 等词连用
4.一般过去时 常与yesterday last year，long before等词连用
根据上面提示，完成下列句子
1Lila is an English girl ,but she ______(like ) Beijing Opera
2.Look ! The students ________(play )basketball over there .
3What ________they ______ (do) for their vacation?
4 How ____ (be) the weather in Shanghai ? It was rainy
5 _______ you ______ (go ) fishing with Zhanghua? Yes, I did.
6.Are you ______ (feel) well ? No,Doctor .

（二） 如果主语后谓语不缺少，则考虑特殊动词后的用法。下面我们来介绍接to do , doing 和do 原形的特殊动词，动词短语和句型
（1） 接to do 形式的动词有：
1 want to do sth. 想要做某事`````want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 ``````
2 help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 ```` 3 need to do sth.需要做 `````` 4 plan to do sth.计划做 5 hope to do sth. 希望做 ````6 try to do sth..尽量做 ````````7 decide to do sth. 决定做 ``````` 8 It’s time (for sb.) to do sth.（该某人）做 ````的时间 9 I’m sorry to hear that + 句子 听到`````很难过 10 have to do sth.必须做````` 11 would like to do sth.=want to do sth . 想要做```````
12 forget to do sth.忘记做``````13 remember to do sth . 记住要去做（区别remember doing）``````
14 ask sb. to do sth.请求/要求某人做`````` 15 It’s kind of you to do sth 谢谢你做`````
16 It takes sb.(宾语) 一段时间 to do sth .花费某人一段时间做``````
17 It’s +形容词+(for sb. )+ to do sth. （对于某人而言）做`````很`````

完成下面练习
1 What does he want _____ (be ) ? A nurse 2Hey ,Tom .It’s time ______( take ) walks .
3 Is it easy ____( keep ) a balance of yin and yang ?4 Where do you plan ____(spend ) your vacation ?
5 You.’re often late for school .Can you try _____(get )to school early ?
6 Let me help you _____--(find ) your watch .7What would you like ______(eat ) ? Noodles.
8 Beijing is a good place ______(have ) fun .
9 I am so thirsty ,could you give me something _____(drink)?
10 We need to have healthy food _______(keep ) healthy（动词不定式作目的状语 为了`````）.
（2）后接doing 形式的有：
1. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做`````/享受做```的乐趣 2.finish doing sth.完成做``````
3.stop doing sth停止做`````4.practice doing sth 练习做``````.
5.sb.+spends time (in)doing sth. 某人花费时间做 ``````
6.have fun doing sth.做 ````很有趣 7.be busy doing sth . 忙于做``````
8.be good at doing sth. =do well in doing sth. . 擅长于做 ```````
9.thanks for doing sth. 谢谢你做 `````10. keep doing sth .坚持做 ````
11. How about doing sth.? =What about doing sth .? ````怎么样（用来提建议）?

完成下面的练习
1 They all enjoyed _______(camp ) yesterday. 2Please finish _______(make) cakes !
3Don’t stop______(practice) the English conversations.
4You should practice _______(swim) a lot if you want to stay healthy.
5Thailand is a beautiful country .How about _______(go)there and _____(visit) it ?.
6Were you often busy______(surf ) the Internet last year ? Yes I was
7Did Mary have fun _______(hike ) in the mountains last Friday?
8They are good at ______(speak ) Japanese . 9.Tina , Thanks for _______(help) me
★★★表示做某事是一种习惯，爱好时也可用v –ing 形式，或作句子的主语如：Eating too much is bad for your health .或作句子的表语如：My hobby is playing basketball
★★★在某些固定短语中也用v –ing 形式如：do some reading/cleaning /washing /shopping….. 还有go shopping/swimming/hiking/bike riding/sightseeing/fishing/boating/camping./skateboarding/skiing（滑雪）….

（3）既可接v-ing 形式，还可接to 形式，且意义相同的动词有like doing =like to do , start doing =start to do ; begin to do =begin doing remember/forget/stop

（4）后接动词原形有:
1使役动词如：make let 等词后，它们的意义为使，叫 ，让
2情态动词如：can ,could, may , must , would ,should 等词后
3祈使句中，如：-Jane ,_______(come ) here ,please .-OK,Mary
Don’t ________(forget) to close your door .
★★★祈使句的否定形式有两种表示方法 如：Don’t smoke here =No smoking here 但是第二种形式多用于公共场合
4Let’s +v原形（用来提建议）
5 Why not +v 原形？ （用来提建议）=Why don’t you +v 原形？

完成下列句子
1I could ______(read )a book when I was 4 years old .
2Can you please ________(write ) to me soon ?
3You should _______(lie ) down and rest when you are stressed out .
4 The sad movie made everyone _______(cry)
5 That makes me ________(feel) happy.

动词专项练习
( ) 1. -- How long may I ______ your book? --For a week. But you musn’t ______ it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend; borrow D. keep; borrow
( ) 2. It won’t ______ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai.
A. spend B. use C. take D. pay
( ) 3. Mr Wang ______ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
A. mustn’t be B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
( ) 4. –Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata?
--Yes, it ______ really beautiful.
A. Feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears
( ) 5. Lily finished _______ the book yesterday.A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
( ) 6. Mrs Brown isn’t here. She has to ______ her baby at home.
A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after
( ) 7. I have to go now. please remember to _______ the lights when you leave.
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
( ) 8. Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.
A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
( ) 9. –It’s too hot. Would you mind _______ the door? -- _______. Please do it now.
A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not
C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea
( ) 10. I want to _______ this book for a month.
A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. get
( ) 11. –How many times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year? --Three times.
A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone
( ) 12. What a nice bag! But she _______ only thirty dollars for it.
A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid
( ) 13. Cotton _______ nice and soft.
A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels
( ) 14. I think this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you _______ me?
A. play with B. hear of C. agree with D. get on well with
( ) 15. –Guess who is coming to supper. – I don’t know. _______ me.
A. Speak B. Say C. Tell D. Talk
( ) 16. Please _______ your phones here with you tomorrow.
A. take B. bring C. carry D. lift
( ) 17. Don’t _______ your lessons. We’ll help you.
A. worry B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid
( ) 18. The window is broken. Try to _______ who broke it.
A. find out B. find C. look D. look for
( ) 19. He could _______ neither French nor German. So I ______ with him in English.
A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked
( ) 20. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _______ for me?
A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up
( ) 21. If you don’t know a word, you must _______ the word in a dictionary.
A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out
( ) 22. It’s time for class. We’d better _______.
A. stop to talk B. to stop to talk C. stop talking D. to stop talking
( ) 23. There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _______ around, but she _______ nothing.
A. looked; saw B. saw; saw C. watched; looked D. looked; find
( ) 24. The woman _______ the child quickly and took him to hospital.
A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. was wearing
( ) 25. –Oh, you painted the walls yourself? --Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didn’t _______ much.
A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay
( ) 26. --_______ all your things, Tom! I hate them here and there. –OK, Mum. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away
( ) 27. Yuki loves wearing strange hats because she wants people to _______ her. A. believe B. control C. notice D. visit
( ) 28. _______! It’s the music of Mozart. Be quiet.A. Hear B. Sound C. Sing D. Listen
( ) 29. –The room is so dirty. _______ we clean it? -- Of course. A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall
( ) 30. We must do something to stop people from _______.
A. to throw litter about B. to throw litter into C. throwing litter about D. throwing litter into
情态动词专项练习
Exercise1: Circle the best answer.
1. Look! The light is out in her room. She____ to bed already.
a. must go b.had to go c.must have gone d .has gone
2. Our Chinese teacher is sixty-six. Oh, no. She _____ over sixty, I think.
a. is b.mustn't be c.can't be d.shouldn't be
3. They hurried so that they _____ not miss thee train.
a. might b.should c.ought d.could
4. I _____ go home a bit later tonight than come again tomorrow.
a. would rather b.had to c.had better d.must
5. Let's hurry or we'll be late.I don't think we______ to go right now, it's only eight.
a. ought b.have c.need d.should
6. You _____ smoke more. It will make you sick.
a. shouldn’t b.can't c.don't have d.wouldn't
7. We had a wonderful time yesterday. You______.Why didn't you come?
a. had to come b.should have come c.might have come d.must have come
8. I ______ leave home alone at night without permission.
a. don’t dare b.daren't c.haven't to d.daren't to
9. This _____Bill's house. It's number101. Oh, I don't think so. He said a large white house but this is a small yellow one.
a. can be b.must be c.may be d.maybe
10. Students shouldn't forget to study. They _____ to do their homework every day.
a. ought b.should c.must d.might
Exercise 2: Circle the letter of the best answer.
1. Why did you answer so?You _____ me you weren't coming to dinner. I waited for you for two hours.
a. should tell b. should have told c . should told d. should had told
2. Why didn't you come to yoga classes last night? Because I _____for my sister until 9:30.
a. must have babysat b. had to babysit c. must babysit d . have to babysit
3. Helen, will you be at the party tonight? I_____
a. can't b. won't c. mustn't d. shouldn't
4. What time do you expect your parents?They _______ come around 4:00.
a. are b. ought c. should d. can
5. Have you seen Marie? She wasn't feeling well. _____gone home.
a. She might been b. Might she have c. She might has d. She could
6. Has Tony's plane landed?No, but it _____here in a few minutes. a. may have been b. should have been c. have to be d. ought to be
7. Why are you putting on your coat? I _____ go . It's getting late. a. had better b. ought c. would d. have
8. Do you like to play tennis? I _____ , but now I prefer golf. a. used to b. used to do c. used to played d. used to playing
9. You're a really fast swimmer.When I was younger, I _____a mile in forty minutes.
a.could swim b. should swim c. may swim d. must swim
10. I can't seem to find my purse. ______it at home?
a. You might have left b. Might you have left
c. You must leave d. Maybe you leave

Phrases:
1.They shut ____their town house and moved to the country for the summer.
A. down B. off C. in D. up
2.In developing countries people are____ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.
A. breaking B. filling C. pouring D. hurrying
3.It was unwise of her to ____ the unreliable(不可靠的) data in her report.
A. refer to B. keep to C. add to D. point to
4.My brother wants to buy a new tie to ____ this white suit.
A. go into B. go after C. go with D. go by
5.I need a book dealing ____ pollution problems.A. about B. with C. on D. to
6.I was caught ____ the rain yesterday.
A. in B. by C. with D. at
7.We always ____ what we have said.
A. get to B. lead to C. hold to D. see to
B.The statesman’s ability to learn from observations(观察) and experience ______ greatly to his success in public life.
A. contributed B. brought C. meant D. related
9When Mrs. Johnson gets old, she will ____ her business to her son.
A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. get over
10．Important people don’t often have much free time as their work takes _____ all their time.
A. away B. over C. in D. up
12.The moon shines brightly, as if it gave _____ light by itself.
A. off B. away C. up D. in
13.The car broke _____ halfway for no reason.A. off B. down C. up D. out
14.If you happen to ____ my lost papers while you’re looking for you book, please inform me at once.
A. come across B. come to C. come up D. come over
15.My grandmother passed _____ at the age of ninety-nine. A.on B. away C. off D. by
16.How do you get _____ with you new classmates since you had entered into a new school?
A. in B. along C. long D. across
17.A word from the teacher will have a great _____ on our children.
A. efficiency B. effect C. effort D. affect
18.We finally _____ an agreement after three months’ hard bargaining（讨价还价）.
A. reached B. arrived C. did D. drove
19.In her letter he told me that he had already _____ a room for us in a hotel.
A. ordered B. applied C. reserved D. demanded
20.He _____ my invitation with thank because of his busy business.
A. accepted B.answered C. refused D. ignored
21.I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
22. — Shall I tell John about it?— No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
23.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.— It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
24.Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t;