中考英语复习学案----非谓语动词专题梳理.doc

中考英语复习学案 -- 非谓语动词专题梳理
牛津译林九年级上册非谓语动词专题梳理

非谓语动词专题 
一．非谓动词概述： 
非谓语动词，即在句子中不作谓语的动词，其具体形式分：不定式，动名词，分词三种。 
二．非谓语动词的共性特征： 
1.没有单、复数变化和人称变化（因为不作谓语）； 
2.仍然具有动词本身的特点：可以带宾语、状语；可以有自己的时态、（被动）语态变化；可以构成非谓语动词短语（即不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语）。 
3.非谓语动词的否定形式：其结构形式无论是单一结构还是复合结构，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如： 
a. Not knowing a right address, he couldn‟t find his friend‟s home. 
b. I‟m so sorry not to have told you about him a little earlier.
c. Not swimming in the river in summer is good for you. 
4.非谓语动词的复合结构（即逻辑主谓关系）：   
a.It’s very important for me to learn English well now.   
b.Do you mind my opening the window, please?   
c.There being no classes today, we don’t go to school.Because there are no classes today, …….

一、动词不定式
知识点1：动词不定式的基本形式

基本形式
肯定： to do
否定： not to do
例：He refused to do extra work. 他拒绝做额外的工作。
My teacher advised me not to stay up late.我的老师建议我不要熬夜。

知识点2：动词不定式的用法
1) 用作主语(to do sth.+be…)
例： To see is to believe. (眼见为实；百闻不如一见)
翻译：尽全力处理这些问题是我们的责任。
It is our duty ______________________these problems.

2) 用作表语( 主语+be+ to do sth.)
动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如：
例：①最好的方法是加入一个英语俱乐部。
The best way is_________________________.
②第一件事是认真听老师讲。
The first thing is_______________________________.
注意：以goal, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等名词为中心的短语，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用, 例如：His goal is to study abroad in the near future．

3) 用作宾语 (动词+ to do sth.)
(1)可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)，敢于计划准备(dare, plan, prepare)，拒绝提供失败(refuse, offer, fail)，觉得好像答应（seem, promise）。如：
①我们决定谈论一下去哪里度假。
We decided __________where to go for a holiday.
②他宁可吃白面包和米饭。
He prefers ________white bread and rice.
(2)动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：
①我不知道把车停在哪里。
I don’t know________________.
②他给出建议如何做。
He gives advice on____________.
(3)动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式，句子结构是...feel / find / make / think... it+ adj. / n.+ to do... 如：
例：我发现记住所有的很难。
I find ________________everything.

4）用作定语（名词/代词+ to do）
例 ①我今天有如此多的衣服要洗。
I have________________ today.
②我们没有房子住。
We have__________________.

5）用作宾语补足语（动词+宾语+to do）
1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：
1)I’d invite her to have dinner at my house.
2)We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.
2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里省略to，包括四“看”：look at, notice, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel。如：
1)This picture makes me feel excited！
2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.
3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。
1) They can help you to learn English.
2)Using email English helps you write quickly.

6) 用作状语
1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：
1)为了赶上早班车，她起床非常早。
____________________, she got up very early.
2)一群年轻人为了讨论这个问题聚在一起。
A group of young people got together_________________.
3)她来到这座城市看望她的女儿。
She came to this city________________.
2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+ adj.+to do...”结构句中。如：
1) 我很幸运有这个机会。
I feel very lucky__________.
2) 见到你很高兴。
I am pleased_____________.
3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”“only to…”结构句中。如：
1)我太累了做不好这件事。
I’m ____________ well.
2)这个房间足够大，能住三个人。
The room is________________________.
3)她迅速赶回家结果发现她家的房子着火了。
She hurried to her home _______________on fire.

二、分词
知识点1：分词分类
分词可分为两类：现在分词和过去分词。
现在分词一般表示主动和进行的意义
如：the developing countries 发展中国家（正在发展的）
the boiling water 正开着的水
过去分词一般表示被动和完成的意义
如：the developed countries 发达国家（发展过的）
the boiled water 开过的水

知识点2：分词用法
成份

形式
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
现在分词

△
△
△
△
过去分词

△
△
△
△
1.作表语
e.g. The topic is very interesting.
We are interested in the topic.
2.作定语
e.g. Don’t disturb the sleeping birds in the tree.
The man called Jim is my cousin.
3.作状语
(1)分词作时间状语或原因状语时，一般放在句首。
e.g. Standing in front of so many people, he couldn’t say a word at all.
Asked to look after the babies, I have to stay at home and can’t go with you.
(2)分词作方式状语、伴随状语以及结果状语时一般放在句末。
e.g. They sat in sofa, waiting for their mother.
The thief ran quickly, chased by some policemen.
4.作补足语
e.g. He loves birds very much and likes watching them flying in the sky.

知识点3：分词的构成、特征及功能

构 成
特征和功能
时态和语态
否定式

具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语
主动结构
被动结构

在分词前加not
分
词
现在分词
doing
having done
being done
having been done
过去分词
done

三、动名词
知识点 1. 动名词的用法
1）作主语
例：Running is my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。
2）作宾语
a.动词后面加动名词ing 作宾语，即V. +doing sth.
例：admit avoid keep consider delay prevent miss suggest mind 等
b. 词组后接doing
例：prefer...to... be used to... devote oneself to... be busy... It’s worth... 等
3）作表语
例：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.

其他注意点：
知识点1：it做形式主语, 不定式做主语
句型
句型特点
常用形容词
It is/ was + adj. + of sb. to do sth.
这里形容词是对人的品质、特征等的修饰、说明
good, kind, nice, clever, right, careful, wise, foolish, selfish, careless, wrong, silly, generous

句型
句型特点
常用形容词
It is/was + adj. + for sb. to do sth.
这里的形容词是对做的事的好坏等性质的修饰、说明
hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary, possible, impossible

知识点2：动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：
例：1.They decide not to talk to each other.
2.His parents tell him never to play soccer in the street.

知识点3：不定式做宾补在被动语态中还原to
这些词有一感(feel), 二听(listen to; hear), 三让(let, make, have), 四看(see, look at, watch, notice)
如：⑴see sb do sth→sb be seen to do sth (主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。)　　
⑵hear sb do sth→sb be heard to do sth 　　
⑶make sb do sth→sb be made to do sth　　
⑷have sb do sth→sb be had to do sth

知识点4：现在分词和过去分词用法区别
1. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

区 别
例 句
现在分词
与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作和谓语动作之间是同时发生。
Be careful of the boiling water!
过去分词
与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已完成。
It is boiled water, you can drink it.
2. 现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别

常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
现在分词
一感；feel
二听：hear, listen to
三使：make ,let ,have
四看：look at, see,
watch, notice
主谓关系，谓语动作正在进行，尚未完成
I saw her dancing in the music room just now.
过去分词
动宾关系，动作已经完成，多强调状态
We found our hometown greatly changed.
3. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别

与主语的逻辑关系
例句
现在分词
主谓关系
Standing in the top of the mountain, he could see the whole city clearly.
过去分词
动宾关系
Asked to remember the song, I have to practice reading it again and again.

知识点5：have sb. do sth., have sb. doing sth.和have sth.done的区别
1. have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let, make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。
例：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对着他的父亲站着。
2. have sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，现在分词doing这个动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。
例：The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。
3. have sth. done意为“让某事被（别人）做”，即ask sb. to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。
例：1. The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周让人洗一次车。
2. My hair is too long. I’ll have it cut tomorrow. 我的头发太长了。明天我要请人理发了。

知识点6：现在分词和动名词的区别（选讲）

构 成
特征和功能
时态和语态
否定式
具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语
主动结构
被动结构

在其前加not
现在分词

doing
having done

being done
having been done
动名词
具有名词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和表语

【例题精讲】
1. ---- Would you like to play table tennis with me?
---- I don’t feel like it. I would rather __________ at home and watch TV.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
2. ----I hope to take the DIY course at weekends.
----Good idea. ______ more about it, visit the website.
A. Know B. Knew C. Knowing D. To know
3. The ORBIS doctors did everything ______ the girl with eye problems.
A. save B. saved C. to save D. saving
4. ---A young man has just borrowed 5,000,000 yuan from a bank to buy a flat.
---That sounds crazy. He will risk ______ everything all at one time.
A. lose B. losing C. to lose D. of losing
5. Jim has got a blood cancer. Let’s ________ some money for him.
A. rise B. donate C. pay D. raise
6. Life is about waiting for the right moment________, because everyone is in his own TIME ZONE.
A. acting B. to act C. act D. acts
7. You should be confident enough _____ a speech in front of many people.
A. make B. made C. making D. to make
8. Andy made a big bamboo box______the little sick bird until it could fly again.
A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. to keep
9. ______ viruses from spreading, we should wash our hands more often.
A. Stop B. Stopped C. Stopping D. To stop
10. WeChat has become a hot free software. You can often see people___with their friends over WeChat everywhere.
A. to talk B. talked C. talk D. talking
11. ---You’re late again, Tom!
---Sorry, Mr. Smith. I promise______ late next time.
A. not to be B. not be C. don’t be D. won’t be
12.---What's the most important morning news on CCTV today?
---The Chinese government warned Japan______do harm to China's territorial sovereignty (领土主权)once more.
A. to not B. not to C. didn't D. do not
13. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete
14. Mr. Chen spends more time than before ______ games with his child after work.
A. playing B. play C. played D. plays
15. ______ you the truth, she knows nothing about it.
A. Tell B. Telling C. Told D. To tell
16. --- What do they often go to Zhenghe Park for?
---Those ladies? Oh, they dance there ______ healthy.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
17. ---What beautiful flowers! I can’t decide________ for my mom.
---For Mother’s Day, it can’t be better to buy some carnations.
A. when to choose B. which to choose C. how to choose D. to choose what

【答案】BADCD BDDDC ABDAD DB

【变式练习】
1.Mr. Zhang asked us when we should go to dance classes. （改为简单句）
Mr. Zhang asked us ________ ________ go to dance classes.
2.Mary is very busy.She does not have any time for social activities.（合并为一句）
Mary is ________ busy ________ have any time for social activities.
3.Mr.Jiang advised us which we should choose as our after-school activities.（改为简单句）
Mr.Jiang advised us which ________ ________ as our after-school activities.
4.Amy is very careful.She notices small changes around her.（合并为一句）
Amy is careful ________ ________ notice small changes around her.
5.We would rather walk around than sit in the sofa after supper.（保持句意基本不变）
We ________ walking around ________ sitting in the sofa after supper.

【答案】when to；too to；which to；enough to；prefer to

课堂练习
( )1. Our country encourages more students football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play
( )2. Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading.
A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing
( )3. —You never miss one minute in class. —You know, we must listen to the teacher carefully .
A. take notes B. taking notes C. to take notes D. takes notes
( )4. Let's a noise. Someone is sleeping.
A. not make B. no making C. not to make
( )5. We feel like some food and drink because we'll invite some friends in a party.
A. buying; to join B. to buy; joining C. buying; join
( )6. The Smiths have decided a house near the sea.
A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy
( )7.Joining a summer camp is a great chance free time with your friends.
A. spend B. spending C. to spend
( )8. I hope everyone can care about the environment and stop things.
A.protecting; wasting B. protecting; to waste
C. protect; wasting D. protect; to waste
( )9. Though she often makes her little brother , she was made by him this morning.
A. cry; to cry B. to cry; cry C. cry; cry
( )10. —Would you like to go swimming in the river, John?
—Swim? Sorry, our teachers always tell us in the river alone.
A. don't swim B. to not swim C. not swimming D. not to swim
( )11. —My uncle is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather the old bike than a new one.
A. repair; to buy B. to repair; buy C. repair; buy D. to repair; to buy
( )12. The boss asked Tim to go and out if there was anyone else absent.
A. find B. finding C. to find D. found
( )13. You should ask Bob his own clothes. He is ten years old now.
A. wash B. washes C. washing D. to wash
( )14.Bruce practices basketball every day so that he can be a better player.
A. play B. to play C. playing
( )15. It is necessary for us students the listening ability.
A. to improve B. improving C. improve D. improves
【答案】1-5：CACAA 6-10：DCAAD 11-15：CADCA

课后巩固
一、单选
( )1. There was so much noise outside that the teacher couldn't make herself .
A. hear B. heard C. to hear D. hearing
( )2. I tried to make the baby by singing, and that worked well at last.
A. to stop to cry B. to stop crying C. stop to cry D. stop crying
( )3. After she finished the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper.
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
( )4. I can't tell you what she said. I've promised it a secret.
A. keep B. to keep C. keeping D. kept
( )5. —Does he need there at once? —No, he leave so hurriedly because he has enough time.
A. to go; doesn't need B. go; needn't C. to go; needn't
( )6. —There are some boys basketball over there. —Let's go and join them.
A. are playing B. playing C. to play
( )7. —I tried to make Alice her mind but I found it difficult. —Well, I saw you that when I went past.
A. changed; do B. changes; doing C. change; to do D. change; doing
( )8. I wanted to see the Beijing Opera, so Lingling offered me to watch an opera.
A. took B. takes C. to take D. taking
( )9. My parents don't allow me late.
A. stay up B. to stay up C. stays up D. staying up
( )10. Leonardo DiCaprio, a famous American actor was always