2022年黑龙江省哈尔滨市中考英语真题（解析版）.docx

2022年黑龙江省哈尔滨市初中学业水平考试英语试题
第Ⅰ卷
一、单项选择（本题共20分，每小题1分）
选择最佳答案
1. In the following words, which underlined（下划线的）letters have a different sound from the others?
A. birth B. either C. earth
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：在以下单词中，哪项划线字母的发音与其他项不同？
考查语音知识。birth[bɜːθ]；either [ˈaɪðə(r)]；earth [ɜːθ] 。根据三个单词的发音可知，either中划线字母的发音与其他两项不同。故选B。
2. Which pair of the words with the underlined letters has the same sound?
A. hand camp B. drive thin C. loud double
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：下面哪一对带下划线字母的单词发音相同？
考查单词的读音。hand/hænd/；camp/kæmp/；drive/draɪv/；thin/θɪn/；loud/laʊd/；double/ˈdʌb(ə)l/。结合每个单词的读音可以，A选项的两个单词划线部分相同，都是发音/æ/，故选A。
3. Which of the following words doesn’t have the same stress（重音）as the others?
A. Behind. B. Modern. C. Photo.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：以下哪个单词的重音与其他单词不同？
考查语音知识。Behind[bɪˈhaɪnd]；Modern[ˈmɒdn] ；Photo[ˈfəʊtəʊ]。根据所给单词音标可知A选项的重音和其他单词不同，故选A。
4. —What do you want to do this weekend?
—I want to care for animals in ________ animal center.
A. an B. a C. /
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——这个周末你想做什么？——我想在动物中心照顾动物。
考查冠词的用法。根据“in...animal center”可知，此处是泛指动物中心，且“animal”是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故选A。
5. —________ have you been in Beijing?
—For two weeks. And I went to the Great Wall.
A. How soon B. How long C. How often
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你来北京多久了？——两周。 我去了长城。
考查特殊疑问句。How soon多久，对将来的时间进行提问，回答一般用In加上时间段；How long多长时间，对一段时间提问；How often多久一次，对频率提问。根据“For two weeks.”可知，此处是对一段时间进行提问，用How long。故选B。
6. —There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out.
—Well, we have to stay at home.
A. rainy B. rain C. raining
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——明天会下雨。我们不能在外面吃饭。——嗯，我们必须呆在家里。
考查there be用法。rainy下雨的；rain下雨，雨水；raining动名词形式。此处是there be句型，空处填的应是名词，rain符合语境，故选B。
7. —I need ________ school things.
—Me, too. Let’s go shopping.
A. no B. some C. any
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我需要一些学校用品。——我也是。我们去购物吧。
考查代词辨析。no没有；some一些，多用于肯定句；any任何，用于疑问句或否定句。根据“Let’s go shopping”可知，需要一些学校用品，所以要去购物，故选B。
8. —China held the Olympics in 2008 and 2022 successfully.
—We take ________ in our great country.
A. advice B. price C. pride
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——中国成功举办了2008年和2022年奥运会。 ——我们为我们伟大的国家感到骄傲。
考查名词辨析。advice建议；price价格；pride骄傲。根据“China held the Olympics in 2008 and 2022 successfully”可知，听到了中国的伟大，应该以祖国为傲，take pride in“以……为傲”，故选C。
9. —Many of us ________ our parents too much.
—Yes. We’d better learn to look afer ourselves.
A. depend on B. put on C. get on
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我们许多人太依赖父母。——是的。我们最好要学着照顾自己。
考查动词短语辨析。depend on依赖；put on穿上；get on上车。根据“our parents too much”及“We’d better learn to look afer ourselves”可知，此处指太过于依赖父母，故选A。
10. Harbin is famous ________ ice and snow. It’s well worth visiting in winter.
A. as B. for C. to
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：哈尔滨以冰雪闻名。它很值得在冬天参观。
考查介词辨析。as作为；for为了；to到。根据“Harbin is famous...ice and snow.”可知，此处是指哈尔滨以冰雪出名，固定短语be famous for“因……而出名”。故选B。
11. WangYaping, the female（女性的）Chinese space walker, ________ her first space walk in November, 2021.
A. has begun B. begins C. began
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：中国女太空行走者王亚平于2021年11月开始了她的首次太空行走。
考查动词时态。根据“ in November, 2021.”可知动作发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故选C。
12. —Do you like poems?
—Yes. I ________ read poems when I was 5.
A. must B. can C. could
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你喜欢诗歌吗？——是的。我五岁的时候就可以读诗了。
考查情态动词。must必须；can能；could能够。根据“ I...read poems when I was 5.”可知是指五岁时就有读诗的能力，且用过去式，故选C。
13. —I often watch talk shows on TV.
—I enjoy watching the news. I hope ________ what’s going on around the world.
A. find out B. to find out C. finding out
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——我经常看电视上的脱口秀。——我喜欢看新闻。我希望了解世界各地发生了什么。
考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth“希望做某事”，故选B。
14. —What do you do to keep healthy?
—I do more sports and eat ________ fast food.
A. less B. fewer C. more
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你做什么来保持健康？——我多做运动，少吃快餐。
考查比较级。less更少，修饰不可数名词；fewer更少，修饰可数名词；more更多。根据常识可知要想保持健康，就要少吃快餐多做运动，且food是不可数名词，应用less修饰，故选A。
15. —How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech ________ I’ve ever heard.
A. which B. that C. who
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：——演讲多么令人兴奋啊！——相当不错！这是我听过的最好的演讲。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词speech前有最高级修饰，要用that引导定语从句，故选B。
16. —Could you tell me ________ on weekdays?
—I usually go to school on foot but sometimes by bike.
A. why do you go to school B. when you went to school C. how you go to school
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你平日怎么去上学吗？——我通常步行去上学，但有时骑自行车。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除A选项。根据答语“on foot but sometimes by bike”可知，从句是询问上学的方式，用how引导宾语从句，故选C。
17. —Happiness is about having each tiny wish come true.
—________ we work hard, we’ll make our life full of happiness.
A. If B. Unless C. Though
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：——幸福是每一个微小愿望的实现。 ——如果我们努力工作，我们将使我们的生活充满幸福。
考查连词辨析。if如果；unless除非；though尽管。“we work hard”与“we’ll make our life full of happiness”是条件关系，如果努力工作，生活就会充满幸福，故选A。
18. The ________ is China’s national treasure. It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.
A. panda B. tiger C. elephant
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：熊猫是中国的国宝。它是一种喜欢吃竹子的可爱动物。
考查名词辨析。panda熊猫；tiger老虎；elephant大象。根据“China’s national treasure”和“It’s a kind of cute animal that likes eating bamboo.”可知，此处指熊猫。故选A。
19. To keep safe in coming summer vacation you are supposed to ________.
① refuse to let strangers in
②turn off the gas(煤气）after cooking
③go swimming alone in the river
④take care of your own things when you travel
⑤leak（泄露）your personal information on the Intemet
A. ②③⑤ B. ①②④ C. ①③⑤
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：为了在即将到来的暑假里保持安全，①你应该拒绝让陌生人进来/②烹饪后关掉煤气/④旅行时要照顾好自己的东西。
考查常识。① 拒绝让陌生人进来；②烹饪后关掉煤气；③独自在河里游泳；④旅行时要照顾好自己的东西；⑤在互联网上泄露你的个人信息。根据常识可知，③⑤是错误的做法，①②④是能够保证暑假安全的做法。故选B。
20. Here is a survey about how to be a good learner among 400 students. According to the form Below, ________ students have chosen “Learn from mistakes” as their key words.
Key words
Making plans
Taking notes
Asking questions
Learning from mistakes
Percentage(百分比)
20%
10%
30%
?

A. 80 B. 120 C. 160
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：这是一份关于如何成为400名学生中的一名优秀学习者的调查。根据下表，160名学生选择了“从错误中学习”作为他们的关键词。
考查数字运算。选择“Learning from mistakes”作为关键词的学生占比40%，一共有400名学生，所以选择“Learning from mistakes”作为关键词的学生有160名。故选C。
二、完形填空（本题共10分，每小题1分）
At the age of seven, I started school in London. There I met a ____21____, Mr. King. He influenced my whole life. Mr King taught me maths. He was humorous. Sometimes, he told us funny stories. So his lessons made us ____22____.
One day, Mr. King stopped me ____23____ I was on my way home. He took out a piece of paper with some maths exercises on it. ____24____ a smile, he asked. “Would you like to have a try my kid? ” I was a hit surprised and took ____25____ exercises home. I worked hard that night.
The next day when I gave part of the answers to him he ____26____ checked them and said “Well done! I believe your love for maths will help you with the rest.”
After Mr. King encouraged me, I ____27____ all my free time on the exercises. A week later. I succeeded! Mr. King gave more exercises to me, ____28____ me to make great progress. Every time ____29____ the problems, I have a lot of fun. Exercises became harder and I put effort (努力）into maths.
I enjoyed maths. It was Mr. King that opened the ____30____ to maths for me and led me in, thankful to Mr. King.
根据短文内容选择最佳答案。
21. A. worker B. visitor C. teacher
22. A. bored B. interested C. sleepy
23. A. while B. until C. after
24. A. For B. With C. About
25. A. this B. those C. that
26. A. carefully B. hardly C. angrily
27. A. cost B. paid C. spent
28. A. expect B. to expect C. expecting
29. A. gave out B. worked out C. ran out
30. A. door B. box C. sofa
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在伦敦上学时遇到了一位老师而且他影响了作者的一生。
【21题详解】
句意：在那里我遇到了一位老师，金先生.
worker工人；visitor游客；teacher老师。根据“Mr King taught me maths”可知他是老师，故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：所以他的课使我们感兴趣。
bored无聊；interested有趣的；sleepy疲惫的。根据“He was humorous”可知老师很幽默，所以他的课有趣，故选B。
【23题详解】
句意：一天，在我回家的路上，金先生拦住了我。
while当……时候；until直到；after在……之后。根据“Mr. King stopped me...I was on my way home”可知此处是指在我回家的路上，while符合语境，故选A。
【24题详解】
句意：他笑着问。“你想试试吗，孩子？”
For为了；With有；About关于。根据“a smile, he asked. “Would you like to have a try my kid?”可知金老师是面带微笑地问，with符合语境，故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：我大吃一惊，把这些练习带回家了。
this这个；those那些；that那个。根据“exercises ”可知是复数，应用those修饰，故选B。
【26题详解】
句意：第二天，当我给他部分答案时，他仔细地检查了一下。
carefully仔细地；hardly几乎不；angrily生气地。根据“The next day when I gave part of the answers to him he...checked them”可知此处是指金老师仔细地检查我的练习，故选A。
【27题详解】
句意：在金先生鼓励我之后，我把所有的空闲时间都花在了练习上。
cost花费，主语是物；paid支付，主语是人；spent花费，主语是人。根据“I...all my free time on the exercises”可知主语是人，且指的是花费时间，应用spend，故选C。
【28题详解】
句意：金先生给了我更多的练习，希望我取得很大的进步。
expect期待，动词原形；to expect期待，动词不定式；expecting期待，现在分词形式。根据“Mr. King gave more exercises to me...me to make great progress”可知此处应用现在分词表示伴随，故选C。
【29题详解】
句意：每次算出这些题，我都有很多乐趣。
gave out分发；worked out解决出；ran out用完。根据“the problems, I have a lot of fun”可知解决了问题才会有乐趣，故选B。
【30题详解】
句意：是金先生为我打开了数学的大门。
door门；box盒子；sofa沙发。根据“ It was Mr. King that opened the...to maths for me and led me in”可知是指金老师把我领进数学的大门，故选A。
三、阅读理解（本题共20分，每小题1分）
(A)
The World for Teenagers（青少年）
Learning Feelings Communication Community Activities
☆☆☆ Question in June: What do you often do after class?
Linda from Britain
I often use old clothes that people don’t wear any more to make bags. I opened a small shop in my community and set up a website to sell the bags online. Many customers think they are fantastic. Now I plan to write a new book about ways to use old clothes.
Linlin from China
Museums often teach me a lot. I have ever been to many museums, such as the ones in Harbin Xian and so on. But the Hangzhou National Tea Museum is my favorite. It’s in this museum that I knew about the history of tea. I watched the tea art performances（表演）. They showed how to make a perfect cup of tea with tea sets.
Amy from Canada
I often cook Chinese food at home. My favorite is Yunnan Rice Noodles. To make the food, we need to have rice noodles, chicken soup, chicken vegetables and eggs. My parents often cook Chinese food as well, especially gongbao chicken.
根据语言材料内容选择最佳答案。
31. Teenagers from ________ countries answer the questions.
A three B. two C. one
32. According to the passage Linda often ________.
A. makes Yunnan Rice Noodles
B. uses old clothes to make bags
C. visits museums
33. You can ask Linlin about ________ if you are interested in tea.
A. the history of tea B. the skill of making tea sets C. the museum in Harbin
34. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Linda’s bags can satisfy many customers.
B. Only Amy’s parents ofien cook Chinese food.
C Linlin learns nothing from the museums.
35. From the passage above you can find that all these teenagers often ________ .
A. share the housework at home
B. put old things to good use
C. have after-class activities
【答案】31. A 32. B 33. A 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文主要询问三个来自不同国家的青少年课后活动的情况。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Linda from Britain”、“Linlin from China”和“Amy from Canada”可知，文中有三个不同国家的青少年回答了问题。故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据“I often use old clothes that people don’t wear any more to make bags.”可知，琳达经常用人们不再穿的旧衣服制作包。故选B。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“...I knew about the history of tea.”可知，如果你对茶文化感兴趣，你可以问琳琳关于茶的历史知识。故选A。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Many customers think they are fantastic.”可知，琳达的包可以满足很多顾客的需求。故选A。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I often use old clothes that people don’t wear any more to make bags.”、“I have ever been to many museums...”和“I often cook Chinese food at home.”可知，文中的青少年经常进行课后活动。故选C。
（B）
Long long time ago, a man called Tom got a book. It was about the secret of a special pebble (鹅卵石) that could turn anything into real gold. The special pebble was lying among other ones on the beach. Because they looked the same, the special pebble was almost impossible to be found. If people touched the special pebble, it would feel warm. However, other pebbles were cold.
After learning the secret, Tom was excited. He dreamed of becoming rich. So he sold all that he had, bought garden forks, went to the beach and started picking up pebbles. On the first day, he picked up pebbles and then he threw them into the sea if there were not special. Again and again, the special pebble didn’t appear. But he didn’t give up and then he continued.
Several years later, suddenly he picked up one pebble which was warm. But because he had such a strong habit of throwing one pebble afer another without thinking, he threw this special one into the sea as usual. He lost the chance to be rich. What a pity!
In fact, good chances do come in our life at any time. Try to hold them as soon as possible instead of missing them.
根据短文内容判断正 (A) 误 (B) 。
36. The special pebble that could turn anything into real gold would feel cold.
37. To become rich, Tom sold all that he had, went to the beach with garden forks and started picking up pebbles.
38. If the pebbles were not special, Tom threw them into the sea on the first day.
39. After several years, Tom had a strong habit of throwing books without thinking.
40. In the end, Tom found the special pebble but he missed it.
【答案】36. B 37. A
38. A 39. B
40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文通过讲述Tom捡到了能够变得富有的鹅卵石最后却失败的故事，想告诉我们：好机会随时都会出现在我们的生活中。 尝试尽快抓住它们，而不是错过它们。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据“If people touched the special pebble, it would feel warm.”可知，能把任何东西变成金子的特殊卵石会让人感到温暖。句子表述错误。故选B。
37题详解】
细节理解题。根据“So he sold all that he had, bought garden forks, went to the beach and started picking up pebbles.”可知，为了变得富有，Tom卖掉了所有的东西，买了花园叉子，去海滩捡起了鹅卵石。句子表述正确。故选A。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“On the first day, he picked up pebbles and then he threw them into the sea if there were not special.”可知，在第一天Tom如果捡到的鹅卵石没什么特殊的，就会扔进海里。句子表述正确。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“But because he had such a strong habit of throwing one pebble afer another without thinking, he threw this special one into the sea as usual.”可知，Tom养成的是扔鹅卵石的习惯，不是扔书。句子表述错误。故选B。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Several years later, suddenly he picked up one pebble which was warm. But because he had such a strong habit of throwing one pebble afer another without thinking, he threw this special one into the sea as usual. He lost the chance to be rich. What a pity!”可知，最后Tom找到了那块特殊的鹅卵石，但他却把它扔了。句子表述正确。故选A。
（C）
At the beginning of human history, people could only eat food they found. But then people learned to find more ways to get food. About 10, 000 years ago people slarted to farm the land. After that, people developed farming skills.
People eat different food in different areas. In China rice is the main food for people in the south while the people in the north eat noodles. People who live in European countries near the sea eat lots of fish. But in Central Europe, people are away from the sea. So they don’t eat so much fish. They eat more special meat instead.
People eat food with different tools in different areas. In China, people always like using chopsticks while in North American, Australia and Europe, people always like using knives and forks, to our surprise, in India and the Middle East, people always pick up food with their own fingers.
Now people can eat different food from different areas. As we can see it is possible to convey food easily from one part of the world to another. We can almost c