复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题.doc

复旦大学2005年博士研究生入学考试英语试题
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (15 points)
(略)
Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.
21．The feeling of ______ that followed her victory was cut short hy her father's sudden death.
A．initiation B．intricacy C．interrogation D．intoxication
22．An independent adviser has been brought in to ______ between the two sides involved in the conflict.
A．conciliate B．waver C．vacillate D．linger
23．Robert's enthusiasm for the program of social reform seems to have ______, for he seldom mentions it any more.
A．broke through B．come up C．worn off D．fallen out
24．Talented ______ he is, he is not yet ready to turn professional.
A．since B．as C．until D．while
25．It is very ______ of Miss Bingley to refuse to give any money to the church appeal when she could so easily afford it.
A．considerate B．miserly C．belligerent D．touchy
26．Obviously what she did was wrong, but I don't think it ______ quite such severe punishment.
A．slashed B．surmised C．warranted D．evaluated
27．______ the time available to us, we will have to submit the report in draft form.
A．Giving B．To give C． Having given D．Given
28．On a warm sunny day the river seems ______ and benign, and it's hard to believe it can be dangerous.
A．treacherous B．perilous C．placid D．turbulent
29．The woman ______ the washing machine to see what the problem was, but couldn't put it back together again.
A．dismantled B．dispensed C．dissolved D．dissipated
30．Local residents claimed that the noise from the concert was causing a public ______.
A．nuisance B．nuance C．novelty D．notification
31．The candidate knew he could win the election when he saw the ______ with which his supporters worked.
A．zeal B．innocence C．magnetism D．indifference
32．______ your help, I might have failed in getting this high-paid job.
A．Thanks to B．But for C．Owing to D．Apart from
33．Police believe that many burglars are amateurs who would flee if an alarm sounded or lights ______.
A．came out B．came to C．came on D．came in
34．Even though strong evidence has proved the nicotine to be ______, the tobacco company still insists that its products are harmless.
A．minute B．soluble C．communicable D．addictive
35．He ______ the men’s faces closely, trying to work out who was lying.
A．slashed B．smacked C．slammed D．scrutinized
36．She was portrayed in the press as a ______ sort of character who was only interested in men for their money.
A．lofty B．deliberate C．courteous D．grasping
37．The table has a plastic coating which prevents liquids from ______ into the wood beneath.
A．rambling B．permeating C．eroding D．chasing
38．Going out for a walk when it's pouring with rain is a ______ idea.
A．conducive B．ludicrous C．flashy D．transient
39．The lorry was lodged in a very ______ way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff.
A． precarious B．repulsive C．fastidious D．oblivious
40．Her mother taught her never to ______ if someone insulted her, as it would only make the situation worse.
A．retaliate B．deport C．outdo D．foil
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Always at the beginning of any particular hunt there was one solemn ceremony to perform: an earnest consultation between all the hunters as to which spoor was most worthwhile following. The Bushmen would sit on their heels like elder statesmen discussing the size, mood, sex, and direction of the animals, study the wind, the sun, the hour and the weather generally. When they had picked out one particular spoor they revealed their decision by flicking their hands over it loosely from their wrists and making a sound like the wind between their teeth. They would do that, too, whenever spoor was fresh and promising and the gesture came so clearly from a background of meaning that we never saw it without an mediate quickening of our own pulses.
The decision made, they would set out at a steady trot, until there was evidence that their quarry was near. Sometimes they would stalk it, first on their knees and finally full on the stomach, until the animal came within range of their bows. Frequently, if seen, they would make no effort to hide themselves but go slowly, hands behind their backs, imitating the movements of ostriches pecking casually at the food in the veld. When hunting in a group they seemed to prefer shooting in pairs, coming up together on their knees like shadows within a bush. Without a word being spoken but by some process of wordless intercommunication of purpose, simultaneously they would let fly their arrow at the animal, the bowstrings resounding with a wild harp-like twang. That done they would stand up at leisure. They never expected the animal to drop dead at once, knowing they would have to wait until the poison began to do its deadly work.
But the first thing to establish was that the arrows had found their mark. The arrows were made in three sections for this very reason. First, the poisoned head was made in one short hollowed piece which fitted into another slightly larger one which was joined to the main shaft, notched at the far end to take the bow-string without slipping or fumbling. This made certain that the wounded animal would be unable to rid itself of the arrow by rubbing its wounded place against a tree, for in this way the arrow-shaft either parted from the arrow-head on impact, or else when the animal started rubbing itself against trunks and thorn bushes. If the hunters recovered the arrows intact, of course, they made no attempt to follow the alerted quarry. But if they found only the shaft they would take up the spoor at once and the real business of the hunt began. How long it took before they closed in for the kill with their spears on an animal already half paralyzed by poison, depended on the sort of poison used, the size of the animal, and the nature and place of the wound. Sometimes the chase would last only an hour or two, but with the greatest of all quarries, the eland, it sometimes took a whole day.
I have never seen a killing which seemed more innocent. It was killing in order to live. On their faces there was always an expression of profound relief and gratitude when the hunter's quest had been fulfilled. There was also a desire to complete the killing as quickly as possible. I have watched their faces many times while performing this deed and I could see only the strain of the hunt, the signs of fatigue from running all day under a cloudless sky in a high temperature, together with a kind of dedicated expression, but no gloating, or killing for the sake of killing.
41．According to the passage the hunters kill their prey by ______.
A．following their spoor B．shooting them with spears
C．trapping them D．shooting them with poisoned arrows
42．What did the writer find exciting to see?
A．Animals being chased and killed.
B．The hunter's hand gestures signaling a target.
C．The way the arrows are made.
D．The way hunters find their quarry.
43．The writer considers the hunters as ______.
A．sportsmen B．humane killers
C．childlike savages D．cunning ostrich impersonators
44．According to the passage, the hunters imitate ostriches because ______.
A．they want to gain the trust of their intended prey
B．they would like to entertain each other after a hard day's work
C．ostriches are easier to imitate than elands
D．if seen they could hide their heads in the ground
45．If the hunters found only the shaft of an arrow, it meant most importantly ______.
A．there was an animal dying somewhere
B．the arrow was well made
C．the arrow was badly made
D．they would never find arrow-head
Passage Two
As they turned into Upshot Rise where his parents lived, Jack let go of Ruth's hand. Upshot Rise was not a hand-holding street. When you turned into it, you wiped your feet and minded your manners. Each house was decently detached, each privet hedge crew cut and correct. Each drive sported a car or two, and the portals of most of the houses were framed by white pillars that had probably been delivered in polythene bags. Behind each set of white curtains lived people who touched each other seldom. Some had retired and moved into the suburb for the landscape and the silences. Whilst others had begun there, sprouting from the white sheets in the white beds behind the white curtains, who knew nothing of dirt except that of conception and delivery.
Jack' parents fitted neither of these categories. They were refugees from Nazi Germany. Not the mattress-on-the-the-donkey-cart type of refugee, winding in tracking-shot down the interminable highway, but respectable well-heeled emigrants． The flight of the Mullers had been in the early days, without panic and with all their possessions. Jack's father's business had been an export affair to England so that there was little upheaval in their change of address. Both his father and his mother spoke English fluently, and through the business were already well connected with the upper strata of English social life. They travelled first class from Ostend to Dover, and early in the morning when only the white cliffs were looking, they made a deft spelling change to their name, and landing as the Millar family, they spoke to the customs officer in faultless English, declaring their monogrammed silver. Upshot Rise was a natural home for them. It was almost a duplicate of the Beethovenstrasse where they had lived in Hamburg, quiet, silent, and reliable. Like Upshot Rise, it lay in a dream suburb, a suburb of dream houses, a spotlessly clean nightmare.
Jack and Ruth walked enjoined up the hill. They turned into the house that took in the bend of the road. Jack tried to silence the click of the gate as he opened it to let Ruth through. He knew that his mother would be waiting for the noise behind the bedroom window. It was the first time she would see Ruth and Jack wanted to give her no time advantage. He wanted them to meet at the door and see each other at the same time.
46．It can be concluded from the passage that Upshot Rise has ______.
A．a strong community spirit
B．a problem with nosey neighbors
C．a sterile feel and appearance
D．residents with a flair for self-expression
47．The word “well-heeled” in paragraph 2 can be replaced by ______.
A．stingy B．rich C．conceited D．well-intentioned
48．Jack and Ruth did not hold hands as they turned into Upshot Rise because ______.
A．Jack had sweaty hands
B．holding hands was considered immoral behavior
C．holding hands was not correct behavior for Upshot Rise
D．they were too shy
49．How did Jack's parents adjust themselves to their new home?
A．They began to study English.
B．They invented new names for themselves.
C．They rarely went out.
D． They made an alteration to their name.
50．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．Jack's parents suffered much discomfort in the course of their moving to England.
B．Jack's parents were persecuted for being German.
C．Jack's parents hated Upshot Rise as much as their old home.
D．Jack's parents fitted naturally into Upshot Rise.
Passage Three
Medicine achieved its splendid eminence by applying the principle of fragmentation to the human condition. Our bodily ills have been split up and relegated to different experts: an itch to the dermatologist, a twitch to the neurologist and if all else fails, a visit to the psychiatrist. For this last, intangible function the family doctor has been taken over by the specialist confessional.
Abroad, the family doctor is almost extinct. In Germany, every doctor “specializes.” In Israel, you queue at one desk for a cut finger, at another for a sprain, and a third for shock—even if all three symptoms resulted from one accident. In Britain, both the growing importance of hospital facilities and the reluctance of G. P. s to unit their resources has gone far towards making the surgery an overloaded sorting depot for hospital clinics. There is no room for the amateur—be it in delivering a baby or calming a neurotic.
Consultants and G. P. s begin the same way, as medical students obliged to cultivate detachment. But whereas a family doctor gets involved in the intimate details of his “parish”, the consultant need only meet aspects of the patient relevant to his specialty. The more he endeavours to specialize， the more extraneous phenomena must be shut out. Beyond the token bedside exchanges he need not go. Consequently, in a surgical ward, there are no people at all： only an appendectomy, a tumor, two hernias, and a “terminal case” (hospitals avoid the word “dying”). To make impersonality easier, beds are numbered and patients are known by numbers. Remoteness provides the hospital with a practical working code.
Nurses too have evolved their own defense system. Since they care for individuals, they could with dangerous case become too involved. The nursing profession has therefore perfected its own technique of fragmentation, “task assignment.” This enables one patient's needs to be split up among many nurses. One junior will go down a row of beds inserting a thermometer into a row of mouths. Whether the owners are asleep or drinking tea is irrelevant, the job comes first． In her final year, a student will undertake the premedication of patients on theatre-list. She has by that time learnt to see them as objects for injection, not frightened people.
Nursing leaders realize the drawbacks in this system. There has been talk of group assignment to link nurses with particular patients and give some continuity. But the actual number of experiments can be counted on one hand. Nurses, as they often plead, touchingly, “are only human.” They shun responsibility for life and death. If responsibility is split into a kaleidoscope of routines, it weighs less on any one person.
51．In this passage, the writer is ultimately suggesting that ______.
A．healthcare has become more efficient
B．healthcare has become less caring
C．hospitals have too many specialists
D．there should be more opportunities