汉语网络流行语在《生活大爆炸》字幕翻译中的应用——翻译目的论视角.pdf

Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文摘要随着网络在日常生活中的普遍运川，网络流行语也成为一种特殊的口语形 式在悄然风行，同时网络流行语的影响已经远远超出了网络的范围。很多美国 影视剧翻译，特别是现代情景喜剧,都大量地、积极地应用和传播这些词语和句 式，于是有了很多经典的台词,也大大丰富了汉语的词汇。虽然学术界对于网络 流行语褒贬不一，但是笔者认为，不管是否有人说它们低俗、不堪与有损电影 雅致，新的语言现象和表达方式就应该在不断地尝试、使用和修改中确立自己 的地位。总之，存在就说明有它的合理性，卖座就说明了它的适用性。本文以翻译目的论为研究视角，以美国流行情景喜居U生活大爆炸为个 案，采取文本分析、对比分析和例证法，将网络流行语在汉语译文的应川与翻 译目的论的三个原则相结合，分别对“人人字幕组”和“伊甸园字幕组”的译 本进行分析。词汇的由来、使用的语境以及产生的效果综合决定了译者在翻译 时决定是否使川网络流行语。研究发现，相对于“人人字幕组”的译文，在“伊甸园字幕组”的译文中，由于网络流行词汇和句式的应川，译文更好的体现了原语的表达目的，大大的 缩短了目的语的观众和原剧中人物的距离，很好的实现了语言的幽默效果，使 目的语的观众享受到了和原语观众一样的视听感受。但是网络流行语的使用也 是参差不齐的，比如在国J中应川了一些不文明的网络流行语，也有个别词汇使 用的语境不当。对于一些年轻的高中生或者那些期待通过美国J提高英语水平的 初学者来说，这样的误用会造成很多的负面影响。在翻译时，字幕组成员要多 方面的考虑，尽量避免这些不良后果的产生。但是总的来说，网络流行语在情 景喜居U中的使用给影视翻译带来更多的是惊喜和成功。当然，它的使川也不是 随意的，这和剧本的类型、场景、人物对象以及词汇本身表达的意义都有密切-1-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文的关系。这需要译者有很强的双语语言功底，以及对影视文本的深入分析能力,这样才能更加恰当的运用网络流行语，纠正人们对于网络流行语的误解和偏见,同时提高翻译界对于影视翻译的重视程度。关键词：网络流行语；翻译目的论；生活大爆炸；字幕翻译-11-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文AbstractWith the widespread use of the network in our daily lives,Internet Buzzwords(IB),as a special colloquial form,become more and more popular.The impact of IB has gone far beyond the scope of the network;for example,lots of Internet Buzzwords and sentence patterns are applied and disseminated in a lot of American TV drama translations,especially in the modern sitcoms.As a result,plenty of classic lines emerge,and the Chinese vocabulary is greatly enriched.Although there are different opinions on the Internet Buzzwords in the academic field,the new expressions and language forms can establish their status during continuous trying,using and modifying by netizens.No matter how vulgar and unbearable to elegant movies they were for some people,while,according to the author,the existence proves its reasonableness and attraction for audiences illustrates its applicability.The thesis analyzes two translation versions of The Big Bang Theory,a popular American sitcom,translated respectively by Yi Dianyuan Translate Extreme Team(YDY-YTET)and“RenRen Translation Team(YYeTs is the symbol of this fansub group)through textual analysis,comparative analysis and illustration from the perspective of skopostheorie.The application of Internet Buzzwords in the translation version by YDY-YTET is analyzed from four aspects,including the origin of the IB,the context in the show,the effect because of the use of Internet Buzzwords,and the combination of the application with skopostheorie,all of which directly determine the option whether the translator uses the Internet Buzzwords or not.The study reveals that,compared to the translation version by YYeTs,because of the application of Internet Buzzwords and sentence patterns in the translation version by YDY-YTET,the target-text gives a better view of the source text,which-in-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文greatly reduces the distance between the target audiences and the source language characters in the play.Besides,a better humorous effect is realized to make the target audiences enjoy the same audiovisual effects just as the source audiences do.However,the irregular usage of the Internet Buzzwords,such as some uncivilized buzzwords applied in the play,or individual improper illustration,has some negative influences over some young students or English beginners who want to improve their English by watching English movies.So,there are many improvements to make by subtitle translators.Generally speaking,what the usage of the Internet Buzzwords in the subtitle translation(ST)of sitcoms brings mostly is surprise and success.Whether to use the Internet Buzzwords in a show or not is closely related to the theme of the play,the temporal scene,the addressee,and the meaning of the buzzword itself.Therefore,it requires translators not only have strong bilingual application abilities both in the target language and in the source language,but also have a deep understanding of the show itself.Thus,the subtitle translators apply the Internet Buzzwords appropriately,which can correct the negative attitudes to the application of Internet Buzzwords,and can also attach greater importance to the subtitle translation.Keywords:internet buzzwords;skopostheorie;The Big Bang Theory;subtitle translation-IV-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文Contents摘要.iAbstract.iiiChapter 1 Introduction.11.1 Research Background.11.2 Methodology.41.3 Thesis Structure.4Chapter 2 Literature Review.62.1 General Introduction to Internet Buzzwords.62.1.1 Definition.62.1.2 Development.82.1.3 Characteristics.92.2 Research Status of Internet Buzzwords.132.2.1 Studies of IB Aboard.132.2.2 Studies of IB at Home.14Chapter 3 Skopostheorie and the Application of IB in SubtitleTranslation.163.1 Introduction to Skopostheorie.163.1.1 Skopos Rule.183.1.2 Coherence Rule.193.1.3 Fidelity Rule.203.2 Introduction to Subtitle Translation.213.2.1 Definition of Subtitle Translation.213.2.2 Types of Subtitle Translation.233.2.3 Features of Subtitle Translation.263.2.4 Limitations of Subtitle Translation.283.3 Application of IB in ST as an Action in Skopostheorie.293.3.1 As an Interpersonal Action.313.3.2 As a Text Processing Action.343.3.3 As a Purposeful Action.35Chapter 4 Case Study.374.1 Introduction to The Big Bang Theory.374.2 Introduction to the Fansub Group.414.3 Comparative Study of the Application of IB in Subtitling between YDY-YTETand YYeTs in Light of Skopostheorie.444.3.1 In Light of Skopos Rule.45-v-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文4.3.2 In Light of Coherence Rule.534.3.3 In Light of Fidelity Rule.574.4 Comments on the Two Translation Versions.604.4.1 Significance of the Application of IB in The Big Bang Theory.604.4.2 Limitations of the Application of IB in The Big Bang Theory.61Chapter 5 Conclusion.63References.65Acknowledgements.70Paper Published during Study.72哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文原创性声明.72哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文使用授权书.73-VI-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文Chapter 1 IntroductionIn this chapter,the research background,methodology and the structure of this thesis are introduced.1.1 Research BackgroundWith the universal use of internet in the 21th century,the Internet Buzzwords are becoming more and more popular as a type of special spoken language.The internet language is a kind of language variation in the context of network background.That is to say,the internet language is a commonly used language form by the netizens in the internet platform within a certain period of time.Besides,because of many factors,including the society,economy,culture,environment and the peoples psychological activities,and so on,internet language is a comprehensive product with a strong mediumity”.Although different opinions about the internet language are given by the educational circles,internet language,such as prevalent words,phrases,and some special sentence patterns,has been widely accepted and used in real life.In terms of its nature,the internet language can be regarded as a type of social dialect,which is spread and used in such a specific internet environment.Beyond the scope of internet,its influences have been extended to the social life,oral language,newspapers,television and other media forms in use.Faced with those Internet Buzzwords,the film translation was put in a dilemma.Suppose translators apply those words in the film translation,it will be said that such a kind of elegant art shouldnt bend to the internet.If they dont apply those words,there will never appear these classic lines that are widely read,such as The bread will have of,the milk will also have of,everything all there will be,面包会有的，牛奶也会有的,-1-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文切都会有的，Liffe was like a box of chocolates,you never know what yoifre gonna get”，“生命就像一盒巧克力，结果往往出人意料Actually,if we cant crate classic lines by ourselves,why dont we borrow ideas from the internet language?When people were yelling literary jargons,they also found a way to make themselves accept those foreign words such as“sofh”，“沙发”，“coffee-，“咖啡”,“twitter”,“推特”,“Facebook”,“脸书Thafs why languages should be refreshed in the status of the new are indeed superseding the old”.The same holds true for Chinese Internet Buzzwords,when they are widespread and accepted by more and more people.We cannot deny that however vulgar and unbearable they are,the status of new language forms and expressions should be established by continually trying,using and modifying.Anyway,existence indicates their rationality and attracting audiences illustrates its applicability.There are great differences in translation between general literature works and TV productions which belong to a type of audio-visual comprehensive art.Just because of its comprehensive characteristics,the audiovisual translation is strongly related to language recreation.Only vivid words and novel phrases appear in the movie,can the production not only attract the audiences but also reduce the cultural loss during the translation between two languages.Actually,the application of new languages in translation is a success in the film translation as well as a shortcut for the improvement of film translation.As a second creation,according to the translation principles faithfulness,expressiveness and elegance”,film translation are much more flexible,filled with the usage of more local,entertainment and network words.With the increase of public needs,film translation nowadays has great distinctions from that of the old days.-2-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文The style of film translation has been transformed from literal to oral with the changing of the speaking style.Because of the cultural diversity,the direct translation from the American humor to the Chinese one may not be well understood by the Chinese people.Its implant our Chinese humor style into the translation version.In this way,the audiences can enjoy more humor from the film;in the meantime,the characterization of actors can be enriched as well.Although there is a lot of research about how to translate Chinese Internet Buzzwords into English,the research on the application of Chinese Internet Buzzwords in subtitle translation,especially in sitcoms from the perspective of skopostheorie has set a precedent here.Other than a few papers in some related academic periodicals and books about Internet Buzzwords and subtitling,there are few professional books on this subject,not to mention systematic theories to act as guidelines.Subtitling and Internet Buzzwords should deserve more academic attention under such circumstances.Several outstanding scholars in western countries have summarized the characteristics and constraints of subtitling and have carried out the research on methods of subtitling from several different perspectives.In China,though few,some scholars in this field have started their research on audiovisual translation recently,such as Zhang Chunbai(1998,pp.50-53)who summarizes the features of audiovisual language,Qian Shaochang(2000,pp.61-65)who calls on the academic attention to audiovisual translation study and so on.Unlike the most ordinary subtitle translations,ST in sitcoms is featured by humor which should take the responsibility of attracting a large amount of audiences.Watching the duel subtitles including both English and Chinese in sitcoms can not only entertain audiences but also improve their English competence.Since the most prominent characteristic of humor in sitcom is mainly culture-specific,how to-3Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文deliver the humor to target language audiences becomes a tough task for the translators.According to the characteristics and functions of the Internet Buzzwords,the application of IB in sitcoms can be of great help for the translators to solve this difficult problem.1.2 MethodologyThe thesis presents a case study of the famous American sitcom The Big Bang Theory on the basis of skopostheorie to analyze the application of Internet Buzzwords in this TV series.In terms of the top-ranking rule of skopostheorie,what determines the translation approaches is the purpose and demands of the target audiences9 demands with their cultural-specific knowledge and their expectations.Therefore,the purpose of the target audiences plays a decisive role in determining translation action.In the thesis,the author attempts to analyze the application of Chinese Internet Buzzwords in subtitle translation of The Big Bang Theory from the perspective of skopostheorie by the methods,including textual analysis,comparative analysis and illustration.The attempt will be made to figure out the application of the Internet Buzzwords in subtitling of The Big Bang Theory based on skopostheorie and shed some light on subtitling of TV series.1.3 Thesis StructureThis paper consists of five chapters:(1)Introduction;(2)Literature Review,Internet Buzzwords;(3)Skopostheorie and the Application of Internet Buzzwords in Subtitle Translation;(4)Case Study:The Big Bang Theory;(5)Conclusion.Chapter-4-Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文1 is a brief introduction to this paper,including the background and the methodology of the research,and the structure of this paper.Chapter 2 makes a general introduction to the Internet Buzzwords,which consists of the present research situation of Internet Buzzwords at home and aboard,the generation,the definition and the characteristics of the Chinese Internet Buzzwords.In Chapter 3,the author gives a thorough introduction to subtitle translation and skopostheorie which is the most principal theory of the Functional School of Translation Theory and then analyzes the application of Internet Buzzwords in the subtitle translation from three aspects under the guidance of the action theory.Chapter 4 is the case study of the application of Internet Buzzwords in The Big Bang Theory from three basic rules of skopostheorie,including the skopos rule,the coherence rule and the fidelity rule by comparative analysis.After that,this rest of this chapter gives some comments on the two translation versions from both good and bad aspects.The last chapter serves as the conclusion of this research,which points out the limitation of the present study and presents some suggestions for future studies.5Harbin Institute of Technology Graduation Thesis for the MA Degree 哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文Chapter 2 Literature ReviewIn this chapter,the author gives a literature review of the Internet Buzzwords,which includes a general introduction to Internet Buzzwords and the latest status of researches on them at home and abroad.2.1 General Introduction to Internet BuzzwordsIn this part,the author is trying to