毕业设计(论文)-某高层建筑地下车库通风的设计.docx

目 录1设计概况11.1建筑物概况11.2系统方案的划分确定12原始材料12.1夏季室外主要参数22.2冬季室外主要参数23送排风与排烟的计算23.1排风量的确定23.2送风量的确定33.3排风量的计算33.4机械排烟系统的补风量的计算43.5气流组织的分布44风管与风口的选择44.1风管材料的选择44.2风口尺寸及数量的计算44.2.1防烟分区一风口的计算54.2.2防烟分区二风口计算54.2.3防火分区机械补风相关计算64.2.4送风风口的计算75送风排烟水利计算85.1排烟排风管道的计算依据85.1.1防火分区一排烟排风系统的水力计算85.1.2防火分区二排烟排风系统的水力计算115.2送风管道的计算依据135.2.1防火分区一送风系统水力计算135.2.2防火分区二送风系统水力计算166风机设备及配套设备选择186.1排烟（排风）风机的选择计算186.2送风机的选择20总结21参考文献2121设计概况1.1建筑物概况 该工程为某高层建筑地下车库通风的设计，该地下车库层高5，车库所用面积4823.66。1.2系统方案的划分确定根据文献15.1表5.1.1规定地下车库防火分区最大建筑面积不应超过2000，本工程不设自动喷水灭火系统，因此该地下车库分为两个防火分区，防火分区一的建筑面积为 2510.41，防火分区二的建筑面积为2313.25，根据文献的相关规定，设有机械排烟地下车库，防烟分区的建筑面积不超过2000，故地下车库分二个防烟分区，每个防烟分区的建筑面积均不超过2000。各分区面积、体积见表1-2表1-2 各分区面积、体积防火分区面积（）层高（）体积（）防火分区一2510.41512552.05防火分区二2313.25511566.25防烟分区面积（）层高（）体积（）防烟分区一193859690防烟分区二1885594252原始材料地点：青岛市地理位置：东经120.2，北纬36.042.1夏季室外主要参数室外计算湿球温度26，通风日平均温度27.3； 最热月平均相对湿度73%；风速4.6 ；最多风向 南向；最多风向平均风速17。2.2冬季室外主要参数冬季气象参数：大气压力101740 ；室外通风计算温-0.5；最冷月平均相对湿度63%；平均风速5.4；最多风向 北向；最多风向平均风速6.6 。3送排风与排烟的计算3.1排风量的确定在实际计算时，散发的有害物数量不能确定时，全面通风量可按换气次数确定。根据文献2公式计算。 (3-1) 式中 全面通风量， 换气次数，；根据表3-1本设计地下车库换气次数取 通风房间体积，（层高超过3米按3米算）。见表1-2根据公式（3-1）计算每个防烟分区的全面通风量汇总见表3-1：表3-1各防烟分区排风量(1)防烟分区12总计通风量（）348843393068814防火分区12总计通风量（）45187.3841638.586825.883.2送风量的确定根据文献37.3.3规定，为保证地下车库内保持微负压，一般机械送风按机械排风量的85%-95%计算，本设计去90%计算。另外的15%-5%补风由车道等处渗入补充。由表3-1知该地下室排风量为=86825.88，防火分区一的排风量=45187.38，防火分区二的排风量=41638.5。根据送风量=排风量的90%计算：地下车库所需送风量：=86825.8890%=78143.292防火分区一送风量：=45187.3890%=40668.642防火分区二送风量：=41638.590%=37474.643.3排风量的计算本地下车库排风和排烟共用一个系统，防火分区一用一个系统，防火分区二用一个系统，即该地下车库共有两个系统。该地下车库设置了两个防火分区，每个防火分区分有一个防烟分区。按文献的规定，地下车库的排烟量应按换气次数不小于6次计算确定。防火分区一的排烟量：=612552.05=75312.3防烟分区一的排烟量：=69690=58140防火分区二的排烟量：=611566.25=69397.5防烟分区二的排烟量：=69425=565503.4机械排烟系统的补风量的计算根据文献18.2.7中的规定，汽车库内无直接通向室外的汽车疏散出口的防火分区，当设置机械排烟系统时，应同时设置进风系统，且送风量不宜小于排烟量的50%。本设计中的两个防火分区均有直接通向室外的出口，但由于纵深太大，故设置机械补风系统，其补风量为：防火分区一的补风量 75312.350%=37656.15防火分区二的补风量 69397.550%=34698.753.5气流组织的分布送风口集中布置在上部，排风排烟也集中布置在上部。4风管与风口的选择4.1风管材料的选择镀锌钢板具有一定的防腐性能，因此本设计风管材料采用镀锌钢板，采用矩形断面尺寸。4.2风口尺寸及数量的计算本设计采用镀锌钢板，排烟干管的风速不大于10，风口有效断面的速度不大于10。排风干管风速不大于7，风口风速在不大于7。4.2.1防烟分区一风口的计算对于防烟分区一风口排烟的计算，取干管风速为10，风口速度为8，采用方形散流器防火排烟风口，尺寸为600600，面积为S=0.3，在防烟区一设置n个该风口，防烟分区一的总排风量为 n取6，用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数8故风口数选择6个合适对于防烟分区一风口排风的计算，取干管风速为7，风口速度为4，采用方形散流器防火排烟风口，尺寸为600600，面积为S=0.36，设在防烟区一设置n个方形散流器风口，防烟分区一的总排烟量为 n取7，用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数4故风口数选择7个合适4.2.2防烟分区二风口计算对于防烟分区二风口排烟的计算，取干管风速为10，风口速度为8，采用方形散流器防火排烟风口，尺寸为600600，面积为S=0.36，在防烟区二设置n个该风口，防烟分区二的总排风量为 n取6，用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数8故风口数选择6个合适对于防烟分区二风口排风的计算，取干管风速为7，风口速度为4，采用方形散流器防火排烟风口，尺寸为600600，面积为S=0.36，设在防烟区二设置n个方形散流器风口，防烟分区二的总排烟量为 n取9，用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数4故风口数选择9个合适4.2.3防火分区机械补风相关计算 防火分区一的补风量为75312.350%=37656.15，取干管风速为6，送风口速度为4，送风口选方形散流器风口，尺寸为600600，面积为S=0.36m2，设该风口在防烟分区一设置n个，防烟分区一得总排风量为 n取8，用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数4故风口数选择8个合适防火分区二的补风量为69397.550%=34698.75，取干管风速为6，送风口速度为4，送风口选方形散流器风口，尺寸为600600，面积为S=0.36，设该风口在防烟分区二设置n个，防烟分区二得总排风量为 n取7，用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数4故风口数选择7个合适4.2.4送风风口的计算取干管风速为6，送风口速度为4，送风口选方形散流器风口，尺寸为600600，面积为S=0.36，设置该风口n个。=40668.642=11.29 n取8，防火分区一的送风管取8个送风口。用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数4故风口数选择8个合适防火分区二的送风风口的计算取值同防火分区一相同。=37474.64=10.4 n取8,防火分区二的送风管取8个送风口。用排烟量校核风口尺寸及个数4故风口数选择8个合适5送风排烟水利计算机械排烟与排风量不同，系统设计两台风机并联，平时轮流开动一台机械排风，火灾时根据烟感报警通过消防中心连锁开动另一台，两台风机一起排烟。故排烟系统与排风系统可以共用，管径取两者中大的。5.1排烟排风管道的计算依据排风排烟的管道设计计算有三种计算方法，a：假定流速法，b：静压复得法，c：阻力平衡法。本设计采用假定流速法。其计算公式有a：管段压力损失等于沿程阻力损失与局部阻力损失之和，即A管段压力损失：。B：沿程阻力损失。C：局部阻力损失。5.1.1防火分区一排烟排风系统的水力计算表5-1 分支1最不利路径水力计算表最不利阻力()108编号形状12033.3519.79矩形3203205.5222.64022.6421433.3510.81矩形3202504.9811.99011.9931266.682.13矩形3202005.53.350.674.0241100.010.09矩形3201605.970.210.610.8211766.676.81矩形3201604.167.63.310.9124006.52矩形2001603.476.550.146.69132006.47矩形1201203.8612.9210.8123.73142006.34矩形1201203.8612.6610.3623.02152002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09表5-2 分支1水力计算表（1）编号形状12033.3519.79矩形3203205.5222.64022.6421433.3510.81矩形3202504.9811.99011.9931266.682.13矩形3202005.53.350.674.0241100.010.09矩形3201605.970.210.610.825333.344.23矩形1601204.8210.772.3513.136166.676.3矩形1201203.2297.0716.077166.670.33矩形1201203.220.477.197.668166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.939166.678.66矩形1201203.2212.3712.5124.8810166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93表5-2 分支1水力计算表（2）编号形状11766.676.81矩形3201604.167.63.310.9124006.52矩形2001603.476.550.146.69132006.47矩形1201203.8612.9210.8123.73142006.34矩形1201203.8612.6610.3623.02152002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09162006.44矩形1201203.8612.8614.4127.27172002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.0918366.676.44矩形2001603.185.5111.4716.9819366.672.05矩形2001603.181.7501.7520166.675.05矩形1201203.227.2118.8126.0221166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9322166.675.05矩形1201203.227.2120.5727.7823166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93246006.86矩形3201603.264.876.411.27254006.56矩形2001603.476.5806.58262006.31矩形1201203.8612.5910.8123.39272005.21矩形1201203.8610.410.3620.76282002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09292005.31矩形1201203.8610.614.4125.01302002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09312005.31矩形1201203.8610.613.6724.27322002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09表5-3 分支1平衡分析表编号不平衡率总阻力()并联最不利阻力()平衡阀阻力()20.00%85.2685.26030.00%73.2773.2702258.10%30.7173.2742.555.1.2防火分区二排烟排风系统的水力计算表5-4 分支1最不利路径水力计算表最不利阻力()174编号形状12133.364.96矩形3203205.796.2123.329.5222133.3610.28矩形3203205.7912.8723.336.1732133.360.9矩形3203205.791.1201.1241966.696.99矩形3203205.337.5107.5151633.356.61矩形3202505.679.362.641261466.683.09矩形3202505.093.5803.5871066.683.09矩形3201605.796.390.46.798900.017.19矩形3201604.8810.81010.819733.342.75矩形2501605.09505134008.15矩形2001603.478.194.6812.86142006.51矩形1201203.8612.9910.8123.79152005.21矩形1201203.8610.410.3620.75162002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09表5-5 分支1水力计算表（1）编号形状12133.364.96矩形3203205.796.2123.329.5222133.3610.28矩形3203205.7912.8723.336.1732133.360.9矩形3203205.791.1201.1241966.696.99矩形3203205.337.5107.5151633.356.61矩形3202505.679.362.641261466.683.09矩形3202505.093.5803.5871066.683.09矩形3201605.796.390.46.798900.017.19矩形3201604.8810.81010.819733.342.75矩形2501605.0950510333.343.39矩形1601204.828.6417.5926.2311333.343.52矩形1601204.828.9716.625.5712333.342.05矩形1601204.825.2305.23134008.15矩形2001603.478.194.6812.86142006.51矩形1201203.8612.9910.8123.79152005.21矩形1201203.8610.410.3620.75162002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09172005.31矩形1201203.8610.614.4125.01182002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.0919166.673.62矩形1201203.225.1715.0420.2120166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9321166.673.62矩形1201203.225.1724.4529.6222166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93234008.34矩形2001603.478.377.1715.54242006.27矩形1201203.8612.5210.8123.33252006.34矩形1201203.8612.6610.3623.02表5-5 分支1水力计算表（2）编号形状262002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09272006.44矩形1201203.8612.8614.4127.27282002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.0929166.673.62矩形1201203.225.1728.3733.5330166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9331166.6711.34矩形1201203.2216.217.0133.2132166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9333166.673.62矩形1201203.225.1717.0122.1834166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9335166.673.57矩形1201203.225.128.733.836166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93表5-6 分支1平衡分析表编号不平衡率总阻力()并联最不利阻力()平衡阀阻力()20.00%144.49144.49030.00%108.32108.3205.2送风管道的计算依据5.2.1防火分区一送风系统水力计算表5-7 分支1最不利路径水力计算表（1）最不利阻力()204编号形状11866.6824.98矩形3203205.0624.36024.36表5-7 分支1最不利路径水力计算表（2）编号形状21466.680.36矩形3202505.090.4200.4231300.015.12矩形3202005.648.450.749.1941100.015.28矩形3201605.9711.560.3411.95933.340.71矩形3201605.061.1418.2319.376933.340.19矩形3201605.060.3100.317766.676.73矩形2501605.3213.280.0513.3486009矩形2001605.2119.1518.8838.0396007矩形2001605.2114.88014.88104007.52矩形1601205.7926.930.8127.74112007.67矩形1201203.8615.3110.1825.48122002.35矩形1201203.864.6910.3615.05132002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09表5-8 分支1水力计算表（1）编号形状11866.6824.98矩形3203205.0624.36024.3621466.680.36矩形3202505.090.4200.4231300.015.12矩形3202005.648.450.749.1941100.015.28矩形3201605.9711.560.3411.95933.340.71矩形3201605.061.1418.2319.376933.340.19矩形3201605.060.3100.317766.676.73矩形2501605.3213.280.0513.3486009矩形2001605.2119.1518.8838.0396007矩形2001605.2114.88014.88104007.52矩形1601205.7926.930.8127.74表5-8 分支1水力计算表（2）编号形状112007.67矩形1201203.8615.3110.1825.48122002.35矩形1201203.864.6910.3615.05132002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09142002.45矩形1201203.864.8918.0122.9152002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09162002.4矩形1201203.864.7917.0221.81172002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.0918166.672.36矩形1201203.223.3815.4918.8719166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9320166.672.41矩形1201203.223.4516.2319.6821166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9322166.679.13矩形1201203.2213.0425.638.6423166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93242005.63矩形1201203.8611.2323.3934.62252002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.0926166.671.66矩形1201203.222.3720.8823.2527166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93284000.2矩形2001603.470.27.247.44292007.63矩形1201203.8615.2410.8126.05302005.53矩形1201203.8611.0310.3621.39312002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09322005.63矩形1201203.8611.2314.4125.64332002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09表5-9 分支1平衡分析表编号不平衡率总阻力()并联最不利阻力()平衡阀阻力()20.00%179.8179.8030.00%179.38179.3802685.40%26.18179.38153.25.2.2防火分区二送风系统水力计算表5-10 分支1最不利路径水力计算表最不利阻力()217编号形状12133.369.67矩形3203205.7912.1123.335.4122133.369.78矩形3203205.7912.2423.335.5432133.363.09矩形3203205.793.8603.8641966.693.91矩形3203205.334.204.251566.692.42矩形3202505.443.1703.1761400.027.23矩形3202504.867.6707.6771233.356.88矩形3202005.3510.280.6110.898666.687.23矩形2001605.7918.722.7221.449500.017.23矩形1601605.4318.92018.9210333.340.58矩形1601204.821.4815.9717.4511333.347.64矩形1601204.8219.49019.4912166.678.05矩形1201203.2211.57.0718.5713166.676.96矩形1201203.229.947.1917.1314166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93 表5-11 分支1水力计算表（1）编号形状12133.369.67矩形3203205.7912.1123.335.4122133.369.78矩形3203205.7912.2423.335.5432133.363.09矩形3203205.793.8603.8641966.693.91矩形3203205.334.204.251566.692.42矩形3202505.443.1703.1761400.027.23矩形3202504.867.6707.6771233.356.88矩形3202005.3510.280.6110.898666.687.23矩形2001605.7918.722.7221.449500.017.23矩形1601605.4318.92018.9210333.340.58矩形1601204.821.4815.9717.4511333.347.64矩形1601204.8219.49019.4912166.678.05矩形1201203.2211.57.0718.5713166.676.96矩形1201203.229.947.1917.1314166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9315166.679.13矩形1201203.2213.0512.5125.5616166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9317166.673.26矩形1201203.224.6514.9319.5818166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9319166.673.26矩形1201203.224.6516.6321.2820166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9321166.673.26矩形1201203.224.6514.2918.9422166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93234006.59矩形2001603.476.628.2814.9242007.43矩形1201203.8614.8410.8125.65252005.53矩形1201203.8611.0310.3621.39表5-11 分支1水力计算表（2）编号形状262002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.09272005.63矩形1201203.8611.2314.4125.64282002.05矩形1201203.864.0904.0929166.673.26矩形1201203.224.6520.2524.9130166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.9331166.673.26矩形1201203.224.6527.6432.2932166.672.05矩形1201203.222.9302.93334006.26矩形2001603.476.287.713.