英语形容词和副词的基本用法和练习.doc

中考形容词和副词的基本用法和练习
形容词和副词
教学目标
① 形容词和副词的基本用法
② 形容词和副词的词义辨析
知识梳理
形容词和副词的基本用法
（一）形容词
1. 形容词的用法及位置说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
(1) 作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.
(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。如：He looks very happy.
(3) 作宾补，放在宾语之前，常与 make, leave, keep 等动词连用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.
【即学即练】
Paul stayed up late to watch the soccer game last night and now he feels very _____.
（2016 贵阳）
A. sleep B. asleep C. sleepy

2.形容词的名词化某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人，常见词有 good/ bad/, rich/ poor, young/ old, black/ white 等。
如：The young should be polite to the old.

3.形容词的顺序
当名词由两个以上的形容词（包括一些具有形容词功能的限定词）修饰时，这些词的顺序通常遵循一定的规则，一般不得随意调换，也不能依照汉语的意思去排列。通常可按下面的次序排列：
(1) 限定词，包括：冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词等。
(2) 表示观点的描绘性形容词，如 beautiful, fine, interesting 等。
(3) 表示大小、长短、高低等的形容词，如 tall, high, small, little, round 等。
(4) 表示年龄、新旧的形容词，如：young, old, new 等。
(5) 表示颜色的形容词，如 black, white, blue 等。
(6) 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词，如 Japanese, American, English, rural 等。
(7) 表示形成中心名词的材料的形容词，如：plastic, silky, wooden 等。如：two round blue plastic plates 两个圆形的蓝色塑料盘
顺口溜：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄新和老，色国料

4.常见名词变形容词的方法
名词 构成方法 意义 举例
表示天气现象的名词 -y 充满…的，多…的 cloud-cloudy
表示方位的名词 -ern …方位的，朝…方的 west-western
表示称谓的名词 -ly …般的 friend-friendly
表示时间的名词 -ly 每…的 week-weekly
表示物质的名词 -en 由…制成的 wood-wooden
表示抽象意义的名词 -ful/
-less -y/ …的/ …的/ 无…的 care-careful; luck-lucky; hope-hopeless
表示大洲与国家的名词 -n …的/ …人的 Asia-Asian

（二）副词
1. 副词的分类
(1) 时间副词
时间副词有 now, then, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, ago, lately, early, already, yet, ever 等。 时间副词是确定句子时态的重要标志，所以一定要牢固掌握不同时态的时间标志。
(2) 地点副词
地点副词有 outside, inside, upstairs, here, there, home, near, away, in, back, off, up, anywhere 等。地点副词和动词连用时不加介词。
(3) 方式副词方式副词有 quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, badly, easily, fast 等。方式副词大多由“形容词+ly”构成。
(4) 程度副词程度副词有 very, quite, rather, too, much, so 等。
有些程度副词可以修饰形容词、副词的原级，有些能修饰形容词、副词的比较级。
(5) 疑问副词疑问副词有 when, where, why, how 等。疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句。
(6) 关系副词关系副词有 when, where, why。关系副词常用来引导定语从句。
(7) 频度副词频度副词有 often, usually, never 等。

2. 副词的功能
(1) 作状语 如：He works hard.
(2) 作表语 如：He is in.
(3) 作宾语补足语 如：Let them in.

【即学即练】
1. —Could you tell me _____ you'll go to Paris?
—Next month. （2016 天津）
A. why B. where C. when D. how
2. —______ are the students in your class?
—Most of them are only fourteen. （2016 湖北）
A. How long B. How old C. How many D. How often
3. —Have you ever been to Beijing?
—No, ________.（2016 宁夏）
A. never B. ever C. always D. sometimes
特色讲解
形容词和副词的词义辨析
（一）形容词的词义辨析
1.形容词短语
在英语中有很多形容词后需要加特定的介词构成形容词短语，常见的有：
(1) 与 about 搭配：
be careful about 对……小心
be sure about 对……有把握
be crazy about 对……热衷
be worried about 对……担忧
be sorry about 对……感到遗憾
(2) 与 at 搭配：
be annoyed at 对……恼怒 be angry at 对……生气
be good at 对……方面擅长 be surprised at 对…..感到惊奇
be mad at 对……愤怒
(3) 与 for 搭配：
be famous for 因……而著名
be ready for 为……做好准备
be good for…… 对……有好处
be bad for…… 对……有坏处
be thirsty for…… 渴望……
(4) 与 from 搭配：
be absent from 缺席
be different from 与……不同
be separated from 和……分离开
(5) 与 in 搭配：
be interested in 对……感兴趣 be weak in 在……方面薄弱 be poor in 缺乏，贫乏
be different in 在……方面不同
be successful in 在……成功
(6) 与 of 搭配：
be afraid of 害怕
be fond of 喜欢
be proud of 为……感到自豪
be tired of 对……感到厌倦 be short of ……短缺
(7) 与 to 搭配：
be close to 接近，靠近
be good to 对……好
be kind to 对……和蔼
be rude to 对……粗鲁
be polite to 对……有礼貌
(8) 与 with 搭配：
be angry with 对……生气
be careful with 小心
be busy with 忙于
be satisfied with 对……感到满意
be patient with 对……有耐心

2. –ing 形容词和-ed 形容词
-ing 形容词 -ed 形容词 例句
surprising 令人
惊讶的 surprised 感到惊讶的 This is a surprising story.
I am surprised at the news.
interesting 有趣的 interested 感兴趣的 I have an interesting book.
He is interested in science.
exciting 令人兴奋地 excited 感到兴奋地 Have you heard of the exciting news?
We are excited about travelling.
moving 令人感动的 moved 受感动的 Titanic is a moving film.
We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.
tiring 令人疲惫的 tired 感到疲倦的 It’s a long tiring day. I’m too tired.

3. farther 和 further
易混词 意义及用法说明 例句
farther far 的比较级，在谈论地点、方向或距离时，farther 和 further 可以互换 I was so tired that I couldn’t walk any farther/ further.
further far 的比较级，表示“在更大程度上，在更大范围内，进一步”等时，不能与 farther 互换 He went abroad for further.

4. older 和 elder
易混词 意义及用法说明 例句
older 常用于比较句型中，表示 “较老的，较旧的，年纪较大的” Your bike is older than mine.
elder 尤指同一家庭里两个成员 He’s my elder brother.
中“年纪较长的”

（二）副词的词义辨析
1. how long, how soon, how often 和 how far
疑问副词短语 意义及用法说明 例句
how long “多久，多长时间”，对一个持续的时间段提问，常用 “for+时间段”或“since+时间点”回答 —How long have you been in China?
—For three months.
how soon “多快，多久以后”，对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时的句子中，常用“in+ 时间段”回答 —How soon will he come back?
—In five months.
how often “多长时间一次”，对频率提
问，常用 once/twice/three times a week 等回答。 —How often do you visit your grandparents?
—Once a week.
how far “多远”，对距离提问 —How far is it from your home to your school?
—About two kilometers.

2. hard 和 hardly
副词 意义及用法说明 例句
hard “努力地，辛苦的，剧烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副词 It’s raining hard.
hardly “几乎不”，是否定副词 I can hardly understand his words.

3. already, yet 和 still
副词 意义及用法说明 例句
already 常用于肯定句 I have already finished my homework.
yet 常用于否定句或疑问句句末 Have you heard from him yet?
still 常用于肯定句和疑问句，表示某事还在进行 He still works until late every night.

4. much too 和 too much
副词短语 意义及用法说明 例句
much too “非常，极其，太”，much 和 too 都是副词，中心词是 too，much 修饰 too，以加强语气，much too 修饰形容词或副词原级。
The car is much too expensive.
too much “太多”，中心词是 much, too 修饰 much，以加强语气，too much 修饰不可数名词，与 too many 相对应， too many 修饰可数名词复数。
There’s too much rain in summer.

当堂练习
1. The river was so polluted that it _________(actual) caught fire and burned.
2. Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and _______ (soft).
3. Just be ______________ (patience).
4. Although parents should take _________ (well) care of their young children, they don’t ______________ (necessary) do anything for them.
5. —Do you like Mary’s new hairstyle?
—Perfect! How much ________ (good) she looks with the curly short hair!
6. —Are you satisfied with the result of the exam?
— Not at all. I can’t have a ________ (bad) one.
7. — Lily did succeed at last!
—Yeah, indeed, but she was _________ (luck) than successful, I think.
8. That would be a very _________ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like this.
9. Mary felt __________ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
10.The teachers are very enthusiastic and ________ (friend) and the classrooms are ___________ (amaze).

1.（ 湖南邵阳）Mr. Smith said his son was as ________ as his daughter.
A. hard-working B. more hard-working
C. the most hard-working
2.（ 黑龙江绥化）English is as ______ as math.
A. important B. more important
C. the most important.
3.（ 四川凉山）—Did you watch CCTV Spring Festival Evening Gala in Liangshan?
—Certainly. Its theme was “fire”, at night the sky over Xichang was as ______ as that in the day with the light of fire.
A. bright B. brightly C. brighter D. more brightly
4.（ 江苏宿迁）Daniel is _____ his twin brother. They are both 1.75 metre tall.
A. taller than B. shorter than C. as tall as D. so tall as
5.（ 云南）There are ______ sharing bikes in many cities. So there will be ______ pollution.
A. less and less; more and more B. less and less; fewer and fewer
C. more and more; less and less D. fewer and fewer; less and less
6.（ 安徽）---What do you think of the movie? ---Great! I have never seen a _____ one.
A. good B. bad C. better D. worse
7.（ 湖北襄阳）—China is over 5000 years old. It’s one of ______ countries in the world.
—Yes, it has much ______ history than the USA.
A. old; long B. older; longer
C. older; the longest D. the oldest; longer
8.（ 上海）Nowadays people wish to have ______ food than before as their life improves.
A. healthy B. healthier
C. healthiest D. the healthiest
9.（ 四川成都）Jim studies better than Tom, but Tom is _____ and he has more friends.
A. friendly B. more friendly
C. the most friendly
10.（ 黑龙江齐齐哈尔）Our country is getting ______.We are proud of it.
A. more and more strong B. strong and strong
C. stronger and stronger.

当堂检测
形容词专项练习
1.（ 重庆 A 卷）Jane has become much ______ than before. She can express herself in public now.
A. brave B. braver C. lazy D. lazier
2.（ 吉林长春）Nothing is _____ than keeping trying if you want to achieve your dream.
A. very important B. more important
C. the most important D. as important as
3.（ 云南昆明）All the students in our class are over fifteen except Nick. He is ______ in our class.
A. younger B. older C. the youngest D. the oldest
4.（ 安徽）The hotel is very old. It’s one of ______ buildings in the city.
A. old B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
5.（ 河北）Mr. Liu is a really nice person --- the ________ person I know.
A. nicer B. nicest C. happier D. happiest
6.（ 河南）Miho is ______ student because she was born later than anyone else in her class.
A. young B. younger C. the younger D. the youngest
7.（ 湖北孝感）Of all the drinks, tea is _____ in the world. It has a history of about 5,000 years.
A. old B. older C. the oldest D. very old
8.（ 湖北恩施）Among these children, Jim has ______ life and he lives ______.
A. the most happy; most happily B. the happiest; most happily
C. the happiest; happiest
9.（ 江苏连云港）—How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei? —Oh, I have never enjoyed a ______ one before.
A. worst B. best C. worse D. better
10.（ 重庆 B 卷）Peter is _______ boy in our class and he often helps us carry heavy things.
A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest
11.（ 云南）—Jack, how was your summer vacation?
—Just so-so, I decided to go ______ for my next vacation.
A. something wonderful B. wonderful something
C. somewhere wonderful D. wonderful somewhere
12.（ 湖南长沙）—There’s _____ in the city. Why not have a picnic in the countryside?
—Great. Daweishan Mountain might be a good choice.
A. interesting something B. nothing interesting
C. anything interesting
13.（ 江苏苏州） Millie, now go to have a nice bath and an early night, so that you will be ____ for the journey tomorrow.
A. safe B. patient C. fresh D. natural
14.（ 江苏泰州）My little sister is a(n) ______ girl and she always asks me different kinds of strange questions.
A. curious B. creative C. energetic D. attractive
副词专项练习
1.（ 江苏泰州）Last Saturday, I got to the station late because of the heavy traffic, but _______ the train was still there.
A. exactly B. mostly C. luckily D. slowly
2.（ 江苏盐城）Fire is very dangerous. You can’t be _______ careful with it!
A. very B. quite C. so D. too
3.（ 山东泰安）—What do you think of Wilson’s speaking? —No one does _______ in our school.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
4.（ 山东泰安）—It rained ______ and lasted for a long time yesterday. —Too bad! Even some streets were full of water.
A. hardly B. strongly C. terrible D. heavily
5.（ 广西贵港）—Have you visited Shanghai Disneyland? —Yes. It was wonderful! I took ______ a few photos there.
A. very B. quite C. really D. hard
6.（ 江苏南京）—Would you like some green tea?
—No, thanks. I ____ drink green tea. It hurts my stomach.
A. almost B. seldom C. only D. still
7.（ 江苏苏州）Nora opened the box. To her surprise, ______ was a gold watch.
A. outside B. inside C. beside D. behind
8.（ 江苏苏州）You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little ______? A. more slowly B. most slowly C. more loudly D. most loudly
9.（ 江西）Sleeping is a good thing, but some people sleep ______.
A. easily B. badly C. quickly D. well
10.（ 云南曲靖）—Have you ever read Journey to the West? —Yeah, I’ve read it many times and I _____ get bored.
A. never B. usually C. often D. always.
11.（ 云南昆明）The Belt and Road initiative (一带一路）is ______ a good chance to let more and more foreign students study in our country.
A. unluckily B. never C. really D. hardly
12.（ 山西）Skimming is a kind of reading strategy. It means reading an article ______ to find the main idea without reading every word.
A. quickly B. carefully C. clearly
13.（ 安徽）There are many beautiful places to visit in Anhui, _____ Mount Huang in autumn.
A. simply B. finally C. luckily D. especially
14.（ 福建）—Joan has made great progress in speaking Chinese.
—She _______ works hard at it, you know.
A. never B. seldom C. always
15.（ 贵州同仁）—I think that Jane writes as _____ as Mike. —So she does.
A. careful B. carefully C. more careful D. more carefully
16.（ 贵州贵阳）When I was on my way home, it suddenly started to rain ____.
A. heavily B. quickly C. hardly
17.（ 湖北黄石）I have got used to the life here, and I live as _____ as before.
A. happy B. happily C. more happily D. less happy
18.（ 湖北鄂州）—I’ll be away for a long time.
—Don’t worry. She can look after your pet ________.
A. careful enough B. enough careful
C. carefully enough D. enough carefully
19.（ 湖北荆州）—The boys are talking about the football match . —Yes. They have so many fun things to share.
A. easily B. happily C. sadly D. angrily
20.（ 湖北襄阳）—Can you catch what the speaker is saying, Tina? —Sorry. He speaks so fast that I can _____ understand him.
A. nearly B. hardly C. probably D. exactly

二、英语书面表达专项训练
2．目前，许多中学生利用周末和节假日上课外补习班，对此人们有不同的看法。请根据下面内容写一篇短文。
赞成者的观点
1. 能够学得更好，考试考得更好，上更好的高中；
2. 避免花太多时间看电视、玩游戏。
反对者的观点
1. 学生需要时间休息；
2. 压力过大不利于身体健康。
你的观点
1. 课堂上好好学就足够了，补课不必要；
2. 课后可以自己......

注意：1. 表达清楚，语法通顺，上下文连贯；
2. 必须包括提示的所有信息，并适当发挥，至少两点；
3. 词数：100词左右（文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）；
4. 不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。
Nowadays, many middle school students are taking all kinds of after-school classes at weekends or on holidays. There are two different opinions about it.
Some people think that
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________