2017考研英语二：-阅读理解A节(多项选择).doc

章节分类：文化教育类（Passage 1-3）社会生活类（Passage 4-7）科普科技类（Passage 8-10）商业经济类（Passage 11-13）医疗保健类（Passage 14-16）文化教育类Passage 1Think of the solitude felt by Marie Smith before she died earlier this year in her native Alaska, at 89. She was the last person who knew the language of the Eyak people as a mother-tongue. Or imagine Ned Mandrell, who died in 1974he was the last native speaker of Manx, similar to Irish and Scots Gaelic. Both these people had the comfort of being surrounded, some of the time, by enthusiasts who knew something precious was vanishing and tried to record and learn whatever they could of a vanishing tongue. In remote parts of the world, dozens more people are on the point of taking to their staves a system of communication that will never be recorded or reconstructed.Does it matter? Plenty of languagesamong them Akkadian, Etruscan, Tangut and Chibchahave gone the way of the dodo, without causing much trouble to posterity. Should anyone lose sleep over the fact that many tonguesfrom Manchu ( spoken in China) to Hua (Botswana) and Gwichin ( Alaska ) are in danger of suffering a similar fate?Compared with groups who lobby to save animals or trees, campaigners who lobby to preserve languages are themselves a rare breed. But they are trying both to mitigate and publicise an alarming acceleration in the rate at which languages are vanishing. Of some 6,900 tongues spoken in the world today, some 50% to 90% could be gone by the end of the century. In Africa, at least 300 languages are in near-term danger, and 200 more have died recently or are on the verge of death. Some 145 languages are threatened in East and South-East Asia.Some languages, even robust ones, face an obvious threat in the shape of a political power bent on imposing a majority tongue. A youngster in any part of the Soviet Union soon realised that whatever you spoke at home, mastering Russian was the key to success; citizens of China face similar pressure to focus on Mandarin, the main Chinese dialect.Nor did English reach its present global status without ruthless tactics. In years past, Americans, Canadians and Australians took native children away from their families to be raised at boarding schools where English rules. In all the Celtic fringes of the British Isles there are bitter memories of children being punished for speaking the wrong language.But in an age of mass communications, the threats to linguistic diversity are less draconian and more spontaneous. Parents stop using traditional tongues, thinking it will be better for their children to grow up using a dominant language (such as Swahili in East Africa) or a global one (such as English, Mandarin or Spanish). And even if parents try to keep the old speech alive, their efforts can be doomed by films and computer games.(此文选自 The Economist 2008 年刊 )1. According to paragraph 1, Marie Smiths solitude results from the fact that .A she lives alone and no one accompanies her.B people around her could not understand her language.C she is the last person having Eyak as mother-tongue.D as a native Alaska, she lives far away from that place.2. What do campaigners who lobby to preserve languages do to save endangered languages?A Take measures to slow down languages vanishing rate.B Try to make known languages accelerating vanishing rate.C Try all their out to record and reconstruct the vanishing languages.D Slow down languages vanishing rate and meanwhile make it known.3. In paragraphs 4 and 5 the author discusses that .A mastering Russian is the key to success in the Soviet Union.B citizens of China should focus on the acquisition of Mandarin.C English reaches its present global status as a world language.D languages face obvious threat in the shape of a political power.4. What does the author feel about the vanishing languages throughout the world?A Concerned. B Indifferent.C Pleased. D Sympathetic.5. In the future, the number of languages will .A stop decreasing.B begin to increase.C continue to decrease.D stop increasing.【答案解析】1. C 事实细节题。根据题干关键词Marie Smith提示定位至第一段。由本段第二句She was the last person who knew the language of the Eyak people as a mother-tongue.可知首句中solitude指除了她之外没有掌握埃亚克人母语的人了，故C正确；A文中未提及；B干扰最大，文中讲到她是最后一位掌握埃亚克人母语的人，但并不意味着没人懂她的语言，而且由后文可知她和周围人是可以交流的，故排除；D文中未提及。2. D 事实细节题。根据关键词campaigners who lobby to preserve languages定位至第三段。该段中提到这些人they are trying both to mitigate and publicise an alarming acceleration in the rate at which languages are vanishing.可知他们正试图降低语言加速消亡的速度，同时使语言加速消亡的现象为公众所知，D为正确答案。3. D 主旨大意题。根据题干提示定位至第四、五段。第四段首句Some languages, even robust ones, face an obvious threat in the shape of a political power bent on imposing a majority tongue.接下来以俄语、汉语和英语为例证明政治倾向对语言流行的影响，因而正确答案是D。A、B和C都是文中的细节，支撑首句论点，排除。4. A 观点态度题。根据文中作者的选词造句判断。文中首先出现solitude，然后反问指，当面临语言消失的问题时人们所采取的措施是否见效？人们是否该失眠？这些为保存语言进行游说的人是a rare breed，后又讲到政治对语言流行的obvious threat，这些词充分体现了作者对消失的语言是非常关心的态度，故A正确，排除B、C和D。5. C 推理判断题。推测语言发展的趋势，这要综合全文进行判断。文章首先讲到某些语言正在消失，然后讲到人们试图降低近年来语言加速消失的速度，以及政治威胁着某些语言的存在和在大众传播工具盛行的时代语言多样化更自发地受到威胁，这说明语言的多样性将会保持继续减少的趋势，所以正确答案是C。Passage 2Lets be frank: college can be tough. According to a 2007 study by the American College Health Association, 43 percent of students reported having felt “so depressed it was difficult to function” at least once in the prior year. Other studies, based on student surveys, suggest that one in five undergraduates reported having an eating disorder, one in six had deliberately cut or burned himself and one in 10 had considered suicide.Given those numbers, its deeply troubling that in 2007 just 8.5 percent of students used their colleges counseling services. In other words, students were more likely to consider killing themselves than to seek help. “After Virginia Tech, students feel more afraid to discuss mental-health problems,” says Alison Malmon, the founder of Active Minds, a national group that promotes mental-health awareness on campus. “They think theyll be labeled as the crazy kid wholl shoot up the school.”Counselors say that while they do keep an eye out for students who might pose a risk to others, the overwhelming majority of their patients are no threat to anyone but themselves. “The things that make it into the media arent peoples everyday struggles,” says Gregory Eells, head of Cornells counseling service and president of the Association for University and College Counseling Center Directors. “We need to let students know that seeking treatment is a strong, smart thing. “Counseling services must look for new ways to reach out to troubled students. NYU freshmen are treated annually to a “reality show,” in which NYU student actors perform skits on topics from depression to drug abuse. At Harvard, students can win iPods for attending mental-health screening sessions and are invited to “pajama party” panels, where flannel-clad counselors dispense milk and cookies along with advice about the importance of sleep. “Theres still a high level of stigma,” says Richard Kadison, head of Harvards mental-health services. “Were trying to find creative ways of getting the message out.”Many campuses also offer online services allowing students to complete informal diagnostic quizzes away from the prying eyes of their peers. “You take it in the privacy of your own dorm roomnot at some event where a bunch of other students might be watching you,” says Katherine Cruise, a director of Screening for Mental Health, a nonprofit that serves about 500 campuses. The results are confidential, but can help nudge students toward counseling services.Still, students and counselors agree that the most effective outreach programs are those led by students themselves. “Its different when you hear something from another student,” says Semmie Kim, a neuro-science major who founded MITs chapter of Active Minds in 2007. Shes held events like a bubble-wrap stomp to help students vent pre-exam stress, but says her groups most important role is to provide troubled peers with a sympathetic ear. “We want to make students realize theyre not alone,” she says. College will always be tough, but theres no need to suffer in silence.(此文选自 Newsweek 2008 年刊)1. According to the first two paragraphs, which has the least probability to happen on mentally troubled undergraduates?A Have an eating disorder.B Cut themselves deliberately.C Consider committing suicide.D Seek help from counselors.2. Which of the following is the most challenging for the work of counseling services?A More and more college students suffer from mental-health problems.B Though many students have mental-health problem, few of them seek counseling.C They have to keep an eye out for students who might pose a risk to others.D Persuade people into believing whats made into the media isnt very popular.3. The most effective way to regain students mental health is that .A counselors hold mental-health screening sessions more frequently.B campuses offer more online services to keep students privacy.C outreach programs are created by students themselves.D neuroscience majors found more associations in psychological aspect.4. According to the passage, we may infer that in the future .A less and less students will go to university to avoid confronting mental-health problems.B more and more students will go to university to find ways to make universities less tough.C undergraduates will have no choice but to continue to suffer from mental-health problems in silence.D undergraduates are supposed to find ways to let mental suffering out with psychological counselors help.5. Which of the following may be the most original reason for the problem of undergraduates mental-health?A Colleges are tough and many students couldnt adjust themselves to it well.B There is the lack of enough counseling service to help troubled students out.C They think theyll be labelled as the crazy kids because of their mental difficulty.D The overwhelming majority of troubled students are no threat to anyone but themselves.【答案解析】1. D 事实细节题。根据题干提示定位至前两段。由第一段末句中的比例可知考虑自杀的学生比例最小为1/10，接着在第二段中just 8.5 percent of students used their colleges counseling servicesstudents were more likely to consider killing themselves than to seek help.可知寻求咨询的比例比考虑自杀的学生还要低，即他们最不可能去心理咨询，故答案是D。2. B 事实细节题。本题要根据文章写作思路和文章结构整体把握。本文首先提出有心理健康问题的学生因害怕被当做是异类而很少去进行心理咨询，然后说专家想努力让学生认识到心理咨询是有效、明智的选择，最后讲到学校为了帮助有困难的学生而采取的种种措施。由此可见，心理咨询服务面临的最大挑战是如何让更多的有困难的学生勇于向其求助，故答案是B；A、C和D叙述均与文中不符，排除。3. C 推理判断题。由题干信息The most effective way可定位至最后一段。本段第一句the most effective outreach programs are those led by students themselves.可知C正确；A、B、D所提到的都是解决大学生心理健康问题的有效方法，但与题意不符，故排除。4. D 推理判断题。本题要注意对全篇的把握。：本文首先介绍了有心理健康问题的学生因怕被人视为另类而很少进行心理咨询；然后指明专家们努力让学生认识到心理咨询是有效、明智的选择；最后提出了许多有效的解决办法，证明心理问题是可以通过咨询寻求帮助得以解决的。因此，再结合最后一句College will always be tough, but theres no need to suffer in silence.可以推知，在将来学生会向心理咨询寻求帮助，故D正确。5. A 推理判断题。由本文的首段college can be tough.然后讲到学生由此而产生的各种焦虑状态，可初步判断造成大学生心理健康问题“最原始的”原因是college can be tough.；然后再由本文末句College will always be tough, but theres no need to suffer in silence.可以确定，正确答案是A；B与students were more likely to consider killing themselves than to seek help不符；由第一段末句可知C是学生不愿意去进行心理咨询的原因；D是大学生心理健康出问题之后的结果，故都不符合题意，可排除。Passage 3Obviously with a total of 2,000 universities and colleges there must be great differences in quality and reputation among them. Many have achievements substantial enough for them to be well known all over the world, but among these there are a few which are outstanding in their reputation, both nationally and internationally. These include a few private institutions in various parts, and several of the greatest state universities, but none surpass the group of old private north-eastern universities commonly known as the Ivy League. Their old social-elite reputations are by now overshadowed by the reputation of their graduate schools as intellectual-elite centers. Their fees are high, but most graduate students have scholarships of some kind.The best known of all is Harvard, which is situated in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the urban area of Boston. Yale (founded in 1701) is in New Haven, between Boston and New York. There is much in common between Harvard and Yale, and together occupy a position in American university life rather like Oxford and Cambridge in England. A remarkable number of the men who hold prominent positions in public life and the big corporations were educated at one of these two. There is a certain prejudice against the kind of privilege which is associated in the public mind with these institutions, and that is not surprising in view of the American ideal of equality. For undergraduate studies, Harvard and Yale are probably somewhat more privileged, in the old (social) sense of the world, than Oxford and Cambridge in England, but they are closely followed in the preeminence by several other institutions such as Princeton (founded in 1746), now surrounded by New Jersey suburbs, and Columbia (founded in 1754) with its ugly buildings, which is close to the New York Negro quarter of Harlem. There are also many smaller institutions, mainly in the north-east, which have reputations equal to those of the Ivy League schools, but refuse to increase their numbers, believing that their small size is one of the characteristics which gives them their special quality. Some of these are liberal arts colleges, without graduates schools or courses of practical application. Most of the northeastern institutions of this kind were originally founded for men or women only, and continued as single-sex institutions into the 1960s, at least at undergraduate level. Here the 1970s have brought a major revolution, with this kind of segregation gradually eliminated. Old traditions have yielded to the pressure of new social trends.1. This passage is mainly about_.A. the comparison between private institutions and state universitiesB. the differences in quality and reputation among state universitiesC. the American higher educationD. the famous Harvard2. Which of the following is true?A. Among the 2 000 universities, only a few private ones are outstanding in their reputation.B. Among all the universities, a few private institutions and several greatest state universities enjoy a high reputation both at home and abroad.C. Among all the universities, only several of the greatest state universities enjoy a high reputation.D. Among the universities, only the private institutions are well known internationally.3. According to the passage, many important persons in public life and the big corporations_.A. were educated in Oxford and CambridgeB. were educated in Princeton and YaleC. graduated from Harvard and PrincetonD. graduated either from Ha