人教版必修四构词法.pptx

英语构词法英语构词法3.Write out the original words.unchangeable adj _ dislike v _ impossibility n _ unfriendly adj_overwork v _ misunderstanding n _athletic adj_ misread v _translator n _ changelike possiblefriendwork understandathletereadtranslate英语构词法主要有英语构词法主要有三三种种：合成合成、派生派生与与转化转化。英语构词法种类英语构词法种类另外另外缩写和简写缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。也是构词法的一种。.合成合成 :有两个或更多的词合成一个词。有两个或更多的词合成一个词。复合名词复合名词class+room=classroom(名词名词+名词名词)black+board=blackboard(形容词形容词+名词名词)复合形容词复合形容词warm+heart+ed=warmhearted 热心肠的热心肠的good+looking=good-looking 相貌好看的相貌好看的world+wide=worldwide世界性的世界性的hard+working=hard-working 努力工作的努力工作的 复合动词复合动词 over+come=overcome克服克服(副词副词+动词动词)复合数词复合数词 fifty+four=fifty-four复合代词复合代词 everyone,somebody,anything,nobody(不定代词不定代词+名词名词)复合副词复合副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下在楼下(形容词形容词+名词名词)whole+heartedly=wholeheartedly 全神贯注地全神贯注地(副词副词+副词副词)一、用 A，B 两栏中的单词组成新的合成词(每个词只能用一次)，并填入下列句子里1.The project received _ support throughout theAB safe,down,absent,wide,time,over,any,waiting room,guard,minded,table,town,spread,way,workcountry.widespread2Ive checked the _ and there is a train leaving inten minutes.timetable3The teacher asked me to listen carefully and not to be_ in class again.absent-mindedAB safe,down,absent,wide,time,over,any,waiting room,guard,minded,table,town,spread,way,work4 Time is limited,but _ you must finish yourhomework.anyway5I want to go to _ to buy a new wallet for mymother.downtown6Please take a seat in the _.Ill call you when thedoctor is ready to see you.waiting room7We have taken steps to _ our city from terroristsattacks.8She fell ill because of _.overworksafeguard2.2.派生派生 :是通过在词根上加是通过在词根上加前缀前缀或者或者后缀后缀后缀后缀构成一个新词。构成一个新词。happy-unhappydevelop-development前缀前缀:一般只引起一般只引起意思意思上的变化而不造成上的变化而不造成词类词类的变的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的错误的+understand v.理解理解 -misunderstand v.误解误解en+large adj.大的大的-enlarge v.扩扩大大后缀后缀:一般只引起一般只引起词性词性上的变化而不造成上的变化而不造成意思意思的变的变化。化。care v.照料照料 -careful adj.细心的细心的work v.工作工作 -worker n.工人工人常见的常见的前缀前缀(A)表示表示否定否定的前缀：的前缀：un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在常用在n.adj.adv.前前)in-inactive (常用在常用在adj.前前)dis-disagree,disappear,dislike im-impolite,impossible (用在用在b,p,m 开头的词前开头的词前)(B).表示表示错误错误或或失误失误的前缀的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导误导)(C)表示表示两个两个,双边双边的前缀：的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的双色的),bicycle(D)表示表示相互相互,交互交互,在一起在一起的前缀的前缀interinterview,international,internet(E)表示表示又又,再再,重新重新的前缀的前缀 rereview,return,rewrite(F)表示表示远远的前缀的前缀tele telephone,television二、给下列单词加上前缀dis-，un-，in-或im-来构成反义词1complete _3visible _5practical _7fit _9happy _2.proper _fort _6.seen _8.like _10.formal _ incomplete improper discomfort invisible impracticalunseenunfitdislike/unlikeunhappyinformal常见的常见的后缀后缀1.动词变名词：-tion educate-education,invite-invitation,predict-prediction-ment development,movement,disappointment-er teacher,worker,runner,singer-or visitor,sailor,tutor,actor名词后缀名词后缀补充补充:-ist(人人,名词后缀名词后缀)science-scientist,terror-terrorist-ese(民族民族,语言语言,名词后缀名词后缀)Chinese,Japanese2.形容词变名词形容词变名词-ness goodgoodness,happy-happiness,busy-business,carecareless-carelessness-ity able-ability,possible-possibility 3.名词变形容词：名词变形容词：-y:windy,rainy,healthy,cloudy,funny,sunny-ish:foolish,childish,girlish-some:handsome,troublesome-ous:dangerous,humorous-ful:helpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-less:homeless,helpless,careless,useless-ed surprised,bored,excited,relaxed,interested-ing surprising,boring,exciting,relaxing,interesting,outstanding4.名词变形容词名词变形容词-al:traditional,international,nature-natural5.名词、形容词变动词：名词、形容词变动词：-ify:beauty-beautify,simple-simplify-ize:realize-en:quicken,sharpen,widen3.3.转化转化 :是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切前的意义联系密切.water water n.n.水水 -water-water vt.vt.浇水浇水常见的转化形式：常见的转化形式：动词动词 -名词名词名词名词 -动词动词形容词形容词-动词动词动词动词-名词名词stop v.停止停止-n.车站车站watch v.观看观看-n.手表手表look v.看看-have a look n.看看 walk v.散步散步,走走-take a walk n.散步散步love v.爱爱-your love n.爱爱 名词名词-动词动词 hand n.手手 -vt.上交上交seat n.座位座位 -vt.坐坐nurse n.护士护士 -vt.护理护理oil n.油油 -vt.上油上油time n.时间时间 -vt.定时，测定时，测时时show n.展示展示,秀秀-vt.表演表演,秀秀-形容词形容词-动词动词 open(adj.开着的开着的)open(v.开开)clean(adj.清洁的清洁的)-clean(v.打打扫扫)slow(adj.慢的慢的)-slow(v.放慢放慢).缩写和简写缩写和简写 :缩写和简写缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取主要采取:“截头截头”,“去尾去尾”或者或者 “既截头又去尾既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词的方法生成新词.telephone-phone airplaneplanelaboratory-lab mathematics-math advertisementadexamination-exam Identification-ID 另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CCTV(China Central Television)NBA(National Basketball Association)UFO(unidentified flying object)UN(United Nations)USA(United States of America)CEO,CFO,CTO,COO,3D4.Fill the table with the different forms of the words.NounverbAdjectiveAdverbamusementamuseamusingamusinglyadmitimaginesettleequipattractadmissionadmissibleadmissiblyimaginationimaginative imaginativelysettlementsettledequipmentequippedattractionattractiveattractivelyTask 2:Grammar:pounding:Word formationFind the compound nouns in thereading passageCompound word with a hyphenCompound word put togetherCompound words separatedfree-fall,old-fashioned,steam-enginewhichever,whatever,wherever,southeastern,indoor,outdoor,craftsmen,horsebackroller coaster