计算机专业英语重点单词及部分课后答案.doc

Unit 1单词：Hardware 硬件Monitor 监视器Motherboard 主板memory 记忆，回忆，存储器mouse 鼠标keyboard 键盘disk 磁盘，圆盘，唱片floppy 软的、软盘instruction 指令，命令，指示，用法说明screen 屏，屏幕view 视域，观察，观看information 消息，信息，通知equip 装备，配备socket 插孔，孔，套接字temporarily 暂时地，临时地I/O port 输入输出接口Circuit board 电路板In reality 事实上Extra key 扩充键Be uesd in 用于Disk drive 磁盘驱动器CPU（central process unit）中央处理器RAM（random access memory）随机存储器ROM（read only memory）只读存储器remember 记得，想起，记住sequence 连续，继续，次序animation  动画片 ，卡通type 类型，样式pointer 指针，指示器Typewriter 打字机conjunction 接合，连接，连接词perform 履行，表演，行动task 任务，工作，作业keypad键区，数字按键键盘store 存储，储藏diskette 磁盘input 输入output 输出remove from c从。删除in addition to 除，之外removable disk 可移动硬盘external device 外部设备serial port 串行接口be capable of 能够，具有。的能力USB（universal serial bus）通用串行总线SCSI（small computer system interface）小型计算机系统接口Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇1) A processor whose elements have been miniaturized into one or a few integrated circuits. It is usually used in PC.1) CPU中央处理器2) The main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.2) motherboard主板3) A unit of a computer that preserves data for retrieval.3) memory 存储器4) A hand-held, button-activated input device that when rolled along a flat surface directs an indicator to move correspondingly about a computer screen, allowing the operator to move the indicator freely, as to select operations or manipulate text or graphics.4) mouse 鼠标5) A set of keys, as on a computer terminal, word processor, typewriter.5) keyboard 键盘6) A connection point for a peripheral device.6) port 接口7) A machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation.7) instruction 指令 命令8) The information or image displayed at a given time on a monitor, display, or video terminal:8) screen 屏幕9) An input device, sometimes part of a standard typewriter keyboard, consisting of a separate grid of numerical and function keys arranged for efficient data entry.9) keypad 键区10) Information put into a communications system for transmission or into a computer system for processing.10) input 输入Ex. 5把下列短文翻译成中文    系统面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，你可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。Ex. 9用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语你应该知道，你不仅仅能读取磁盘上的数据，也能够往上面写新的信息1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it. 你应该意识到，软盘容纳不了多少数据2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data.我们计算机老实说，USB要比火线慢多了3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire.我认为CPU主要责任是执行指令4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions.Unit 2单词Access 访问 存取Accessory 附加设备Analog 模拟物 相似物Attached 附上。的Component 部件Configuration 配置Convert 使转变Demodulate 使调解，使检波Document 文档，资料Drive 驱动器Eletronic 电子的Flatbed 平板 Graphic绘画似的，图解的Handheld 手持的Hopper-feed 单进的Interconnect 互相连接BIOS（basic input/output system）基本输入输出系统Microprocessor 微处理器Modem 调制解调器Modulate 调制 调整Promote 提供Reproduce 再生，复制Resolution 分辨率Retrieve 检索Sequential 继续的，后果的Analog signal 模拟型号Expansion card  扩展卡Expansion slot 扩展槽Hard disk 硬盘Hard drive 硬盘驱动器Laser printer 激光打印机Plug and play 即插即用Video card 视频卡CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor) 互补金属氧化物半导体Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇1) A device that reads data from and writes data onto a storage medium, such as a floppy disk.1) drive 驱动器2) The part of a system that produces printed matter.2) printer 打印机3) Numerical or other information represented in a form suitable for processing by computer.3) data 数据4) To vary the frequency, amplitude（振幅）, phase, or other characteristic of (electromagnetic waves).4) modulate 调制 调整5) An integrated circuit that contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on a single chip.5) microprocessor 微处理器6) a criterion（标准）.6) standard 标准7) The point of interaction or communication between a computer and any other entity, such as a printer or human operator.7) interface 接口 界面8) An activity providing entertainment or amusement; a pastime:8) game 游戏9) Circular regions a disk is divided into9) track 磁道10) The combination of equipment needed to run a computer system10) configuration 配置Unit 3Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇A tiny slice or chip of material on which is etched or imprinted a complex of electronic components and their interconnections.IC 集成电路A fast storage buffer in the central processing unit of a computer.Cache 高速缓存A small memory that allows fast access to permanently stored data but prevents addition to or modification of the data.ROM 只读存储器A machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation.Instruction 命令 指令A minute slice of a semiconducting material, such as silicon or germanium（锗）, doped（掺杂质）and otherwise processed to have specified electrical characteristics, especially before it is developed into an electronic component or integrated circuit.Chip 芯片The main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry.Motherboard 主板Of or relating to the generation or transmission of electricity.Power 能量A single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon:Cycle 周期To change in form or character; alter.Modify 修正A source of regularly occurring pulses used to measure the passage of time, as in a computer.Clock 时钟Unit 4单词Protocol 协议Optimize 使最优化Reference 提及，涉及，参考Construct 建造，构造，创立Queue 队列Stack 堆栈Data structure 数据结构Linked list 链表Machine code 机器代码Fundamental 基础的，基本的，基本原则Node 结点Circular 圆形的，循环的Pseudo 假的，冒充的Regular 规则的，有秩序的，经常的Expression 表达式Pseudo code 伪代码Problem solving 问题求解，解决问题17、近年来，我国积极推广“无车日”活动，以节约能源和保护环境。科学家也正在研制太阳能汽车和燃料电池汽车，减少对空气的污染。FILI（first in，last out）先进后出一、填空：4、咀嚼馒头的外皮也可以感觉到甜味吗？为什么？Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）答：我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮，不随地吐痰，爱护花草树木，搞好环境卫生，保护好身边的环境。力争做一个环保小卫士，向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。英   文   解   释词   汇A standard procedure for regulating data transmisssion between computer.10、由于人口迅速增长、环境污染和全球气候变暖，世界人均供水量自1970年以来开始减少，而且持续下降。Protocol 协议8、对生活垃圾进行分类和分装，这是我们每个公民应尽的义务。To make as perfect or effective as possible1、月球是地球的卫星，月球围绕着地球运动，运动的方向是逆时针方向。Optimize 使最优化 A section of memory and its associated registers used for temporary storage of information in which the item most recently stored is the first to be retrieved18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。Stack 堆栈Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstancesSituation 情形，状况，事态1、月球是地球的卫星，月球围绕着地球运动，运动的方向是逆时针方向。To form by assembling or combining parts,build答：我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮，不随地吐痰，爱护花草树木，搞好环境卫生，保护好身边的环境。力争做一个环保小卫士，向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。Construct 构造Of or relating to the foundation or base ,elementaryFundamental 基本的A junction of some typeNode 结点To live in a plaec permanetly or for an extended period,exist  Reside 居住Of no consequence,efffect,or value,insignificantNull 无效的，空的An operation or a quantity stated in symbolic form,such as x,y or x+yExpression 表达式Unit 5单词Assembler 汇编程序Category 种类，类目，类别Classify 分类，分等Compile 汇编，编辑Compiler 编辑器Essentially 本质上，基本上Incompatible 不兼容的Object-oriented 面向对象的Optimize 使最优化Portability 可移植性Portable 可移植的，便携的Assembly language 汇编语言Machine language 机器语言Object-oriented language 面向对象语言Predate 比。要早Release 发行Replace 取代Standardization 标准化Browser 浏览器Complex 复杂的，合成的，综合的Concept 概念，观念，思想Implement 实现，履行Impressive给人深刻印象的Restricted 受限制的 悠闲地Web application 网络应用程序Web page 网页Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇A system of symbols and rules used for communication with or between puter language计算机语言A high-level computer programming language designed to support structured programming and used in teaching, applications, and systems programming.Pascal languageTo make as perfect or effective as possible.Optimize 使最优化A specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class.Category 种类 类别To change (something) into another form, substance, state, or product; transform:Convert 转变 变换A program operating on symbolic input data to produce the equivalent executable machine code.Assembler 汇编程序To examine or consider (a subject) in speech or writing.Discuss 讨论A defect in the code or routine of a program.Bug错误To translate (a program) into machine pileTo be or provide a substitute for.Replace 取代Ex. 5把下列短文翻译成中文佳能打印机有五种样式，价格从$80 到 $500不等，满足了任何想打印相片用户的需求。对于个别不常用的用户，可以选用佳能i455和i475D桌面相片打印机。对于性能要求更高，每种颜色要使用分开的墨盒的用户可以选择中档的i560和i860。对于专业照相师，可以使用i9100相片打印机，它能够打印13 X 19英寸的大相片。Unit6单词Collection 收集 收取 收集物Initialize 舒适化Provide 供应，供给，准备，规定Complexity 复杂性Responsible 可靠的，可依赖的，负责的Operating system（OS）操作系统Petrol pump 加油泵Word process 字处理程序MSDOS（microsoft disk operating system）微软磁盘操作系统Remotely 远程地，遥远地Terminal 终端Interfere 干涉，干预，妨碍Request 请求，要求Priority 优先权Interact with 与。交互，与。相合Multi-user operating system多用户操作系统Multi-tasking operating system多任务操作系统CLI（command line interpreter）命令行解释程序Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 To make available,supply,affordProvide 供给 供应 A device,often equipped with a keyboard and a video display,through which data or information can enter or leave a computer systemTerminal 终端 Having fair knowledge,acquaintedFamiliar 熟识的 常见的 Precedence,especially established by order of importance or urgencyPriority 优先权 A large,powerful computer,often serving several connected terminalsMainframe 主机 大型机To set to a starting position or valueInitialize 初始化 One that detects,especially a mechanical,electrical,or chemical deviceDetector 检测器，探测器 A program that translates an instruction into amachine language and executes it before proceeding to the next instructionInterpreter 解释程序 Not in use or operationGarbage 无用数据 废物 To express a desire for,ask forRequest 要求 请求Ex. 4把下列句子翻译为中文：1）Windows 3.1只能在x86系列处理器计算机上运行。2）Windows CE是MS-Windows是轻便种类。3）Windows CE可以在几种不同的处理器上运行，包括x86系列以及几种安装在PDA（个人数字助理）上的、嵌入式系统的和手持设备上的处理器。4）UNIX功能强大，它完全是多任务的，能够完成所有操作系统所能做的事情。5）Linux可以免费下载，也可以花费少量服务费用购买Linux光盘。6）Linux也可能比任何操作系统都适合更多的硬件组合。7）人们甚至成功地使Linux在PDA（个人数字助理）上运行。8）Linux速度快、性能稳定且价格便宜，因此它受到因特网服务提供商、软件开发商和类似家庭计算机嗜好者的欢迎。9）到年底，最大容量台式PC机硬盘的转速将达到每分钟5400转。10）我推荐个人使用CD-R作为自己主要的备份工具。Ex. 5把下列短文翻译成中文    近几年硬件驱动器给予以往的摩尔定律以沉重打击。每18个月微处理器的产量相对晶体管翻一翻（处理能力差不多翻了一翻），而驱动器以及其它种类的存储设备每10个到每12个月就能够翻一翻。Unit7Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇A system of computers interconnected by telephone wires or other means in order to share information.  Network 网络A system that links together electronic office equipment, such as computers and word processors, and forms a network within an office or a building.   LAN 局域网The numerical difference between the upper and lower frequencies of a band of electromagnetic radiation, especially an assigned range of radio frequencies.   Bandwidth 带宽A specified frequency band for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals, as for television signals.   Channel 通道，信道An impulse or a fluctuating electric quantity, such as voltage, current, or electric field strength, whose variations represent coded information.   Signal 信号The sending of a signal, picture, or other information from a transmitter.   Transmission 传送A standard procedure for regulating data transmission between computers.   Protocol 协议A terminal in a computer network.   Node 结点A device used to break or open an electric circuit or to divert current from one conductor to another.    Switch 交换机A bound or sheathed group of mutually insulated conductors.    Cable 电缆Unit 8DNS（domain name service） 域名服务HTML 超文本标识语言IP（internet protocol）网际协议FTP 文件传输协议HTTP 超文本传输协议Ex. 3根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇The written or printed directions on mail or other deliverable items indicating destination.Address 地址To transfer (data or programs) from a central computer to a peripheral computer or device.Download 下载A standard procedure for regulating data transmission between computers.Protocol 协议A computer-based information retrieval system that enables a user to gain or provide access to texts, audio and video recordings, photographs, and computer graphics related to a particular subject.Hypermedia超媒体A large, usually continuous segment of a surface or space; area.Region地区，领域Being the only one of its kind:Unique 唯一的The substance or substances out of which a thing is or can be made.Material原料材料To know to be something that has been perceived before:Recognize 认识A symbol or set of symbols identifying the contents of a file, memory, tape, or record.Label 标签，标记An affix added to the end of a word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending, such as -ness in  gentleness, -ing in walking, or -s in sits.Suffix 后缀