计算机专业英语重点单词及部分课后答案.doc

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<p><span id="_baidu_bookmark_start_0" style="display: none; line-height: 0px;">‍</span>Unit 1 单词： Hardware 硬件 Monitor 监视器 Motherboard 主板 memory 记忆，回忆，存储器 mouse 鼠标 keyboard 键盘 disk 磁盘，圆盘，唱片 floppy 软的、软盘 instruction 指令，命令，指示，用法说明 screen 屏，屏幕 view 视域，观察，观看 information 消息，信息，通知 equip 装备，配备 socket 插孔，孔，套接字 temporarily 暂时地，临时地 I/O port 输入输出接口 Circuit board 电路板 In reality 事实上 Extra key 扩充键 Be uesd in 用于 Disk drive 磁盘驱动器 CPU（central process unit）中央处理器 RAM（random access memory）随机存储器 ROM（read only memory）只读存储器 remember 记得，想起，记住 sequence 连续，继续，次序 animation  动画片，卡通 type 类型，样式 pointer 指针，指示器 Typewriter 打字机 conjunction 接合，连接，连接词 perform 履行，表演，行动 task 任务，工作，作业 keypad键区，数字按键键盘 store 存储，储藏 diskette 磁盘 input 输入 output 输出 remove from… c从。。。删除 in addition to 除，，，之外 removable disk 可移动硬盘 external device 外部设备 serial port 串行接口 be capable of 能够，具有。。。的能力 USB（universal serial bus）通用串行总线 SCSI（small computer system interface）小型计算机系统接口〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 1) A processor whose elements have been miniaturized into one or a few integrated circuits. It is usually used in PC. 1) CPU中央处理器 2) The main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry. 2) motherboard主板 3) A unit of a computer that preserves data for retrieval. 3) memory 存储器 4) A hand-held, button-activated input device that when rolled along a flat surface directs an indicator to move correspondingly about a computer screen, allowing the operator to move the indicator freely, as to select operations or manipulate text or graphics. 4) mouse 鼠标 5) A set of keys, as on a computer terminal, word processor, typewriter. 5) keyboard 键盘 6) A connection point for a peripheral device. 6) port 接口 7) A machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation. 7) instruction 指令命令 8) The information or image displayed at a given time on a monitor, display, or video terminal: 8) screen 屏幕 9) An input device, sometimes part of a standard typewriter keyboard, consisting of a separate grid of numerical and function keys arranged for efficient data entry. 9) keypad 键区 10) Information put into a communications system for transmission or into a computer system for processing. 10) input 输入〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文    系统面板和普通键盘有专门控制键，你可以使用这些控制键实现主要的多媒体功能：观相片、听音乐和看电影。面板还有为看电视和阅读电视指南而设的快速启动按钮。 Ex. 9〗用that从句做宾语将下面汉语译成英语你应该知道，你不仅仅能读取磁盘上的数据，也能够往上面写新的信息 1. You should know that you can not only read data from the disk but also write new information to it. 你应该意识到，软盘容纳不了多少数据 2. You should realize that floppies do not hold too much data. 我们计算机老实说，USB要比火线慢多了 3. Our computer teacher said that USB is much slower than Firewire. 我认为CPU主要责任是执行指令 4. I think/believe that the CPU is primarily responsible for executing instructions. Unit 2单词 Access 访问存取 Accessory 附加设备 Analog 模拟物相似物 Attached 附上。。。的 Component 部件 Configuration 配置 Convert 使转变 Demodulate 使调解，使检波 Document 文档，资料 Drive 驱动器 Eletronic 电子的 Flatbed 平板 Graphic绘画似的，图解的 Handheld 手持的 Hopper-feed 单进的 Interconnect 互相连接 BIOS（basic input/output system）基本输入输出系统 Microprocessor 微处理器 Modem 调制解调器 Modulate 调制调整 Promote 提供 Reproduce 再生，，复制 Resolution 分辨率 Retrieve 检索 Sequential 继续的，后果的 Analog signal 模拟型号 Expansion card  扩展卡 Expansion slot 扩展槽 Hard disk 硬盘 Hard drive 硬盘驱动器 Laser printer 激光打印机 Plug and play 即插即用 Video card 视频卡 CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor) 互补金属氧化物半导体〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 1) A device that reads data from and writes data onto a storage medium, such as a floppy disk. 1) drive 驱动器 2) The part of a system that produces printed matter. 2) printer 打印机 3) Numerical or other information represented in a form suitable for processing by computer. 3) data 数据 4) To vary the frequency, amplitude（振幅）, phase, or other characteristic of (electromagnetic waves). 4) modulate 调制调整 5) An integrated circuit that contains the entire central processing unit of a computer on a single chip. 5) microprocessor 微处理器 6) a criterion（标准）. 6) standard 标准 7) The point of interaction or communication between a computer and any other entity, such as a printer or human operator. 7) interface 接口界面 8) An activity providing entertainment or amusement; a pastime: 8) game 游戏 9) Circular regions a disk is divided into 9) track 磁道 10) The combination of equipment needed to run a computer system 10) configuration 配置 Unit 3 〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 A tiny slice or chip of material on which is etched or imprinted a complex of electronic components and their interconnections. IC 集成电路 A fast storage buffer in the central processing unit of a computer. Cache 高速缓存 A small memory that allows fast access to permanently stored data but prevents addition to or modification of the data. ROM 只读存储器 A machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation. Instruction 命令指令 A minute slice of a semiconducting material, such as silicon or germanium（锗）, doped（掺杂质）and otherwise processed to have specified electrical characteristics, especially before it is developed into an electronic component or integrated circuit. Chip 芯片 The main board of a computer, usually containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, and monitor and often having slots for accepting additional circuitry. Motherboard 主板 Of or relating to the generation or transmission of electricity. Power 能量 A single complete execution of a periodically repeated phenomenon: Cycle 周期 To change in form or character; alter. Modify 修正 A source of regularly occurring pulses used to measure the passage of time, as in a computer. Clock 时钟 Unit 4 单词 Protocol 协议 Optimize 使最优化 Reference 提及，涉及，参考 Construct 建造，构造，创立 Queue 队列 Stack 堆栈 Data structure 数据结构 Linked list 链表 Machine code 机器代码 Fundamental 基础的，基本的，基本原则 Node 结点 Circular 圆形的，循环的 Pseudo 假的，冒充的 Regular 规则的，有秩序的，经常的 Expression 表达式 Pseudo code 伪代码 Problem solving 问题求解，解决问题 17、近年来，我国积极推广“无车日”活动，以节约能源和保护环境。科学家也正在研制太阳能汽车和燃料电池汽车，减少对空气的污染。FILI（first in，last out）先进后出一、填空： 4、咀嚼馒头的外皮也可以感觉到甜味吗？为什么？〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）答：①我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮，不随地吐痰，爱护花草树木，搞好环境卫生，保护好身边的环境。②力争做一个环保小卫士，向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。英   文   解   释词   汇 A standard procedure for regulating data transmisssion between computer. 10、由于人口迅速增长、环境污染和全球气候变暖，世界人均供水量自1970年以来开始减少，而且持续下降。Protocol 协议 8、对生活垃圾进行分类和分装，这是我们每个公民应尽的义务。To make as perfect or effective as possible 1、月球是地球的卫星，月球围绕着地球运动，运动的方向是逆时针方向。Optimize 使最优化 A section of memory and its associated registers used for temporary storage of information in which the item most recently stored is the first to be retrieved 18、建立自然保护区是保护生物多样性的有效方法，我国的九寨沟、长白山、四川卧龙等地都建立了自然保护区，自然保护区为物种的生存、繁衍提供了良好的场所。Stack 堆栈 Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances Situation 情形，状况，事态 1、月球是地球的卫星，月球围绕着地球运动，运动的方向是逆时针方向。To form by assembling or combining parts,build 答：①我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮，不随地吐痰，爱护花草树木，搞好环境卫生，保护好身边的环境。②力争做一个环保小卫士，向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。Construct 构造 Of or relating to the foundation or base ,elementary Fundamental 基本的 A junction of some type Node 结点 To live in a plaec permanetly or for an extended period,exist   Reside 居住 Of no consequence,efffect,or value,insignificant Null 无效的，空的 An operation or a quantity stated in symbolic form,such as x,y or x+y Expression 表达式 Unit 5 单词 Assembler 汇编程序 Category 种类，类目，类别 Classify 分类，分等 Compile 汇编，编辑 Compiler 编辑器 Essentially 本质上，基本上 Incompatible 不兼容的 Object-oriented 面向对象的 Optimize 使最优化 Portability 可移植性 Portable 可移植的，便携的 Assembly language 汇编语言 Machine language 机器语言 Object-oriented language 面向对象语言 Predate 比。。。要早 Release 发行 Replace 取代 Standardization 标准化 Browser 浏览器 Complex 复杂的，合成的，综合的 Concept 概念，观念，思想 Implement 实现，履行 Impressive给人深刻印象的 Restricted 受限制的悠闲地 Web application 网络应用程序 Web page 网页〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 A system of symbols and rules used for communication with or between computers. computer language 计算机语言 A high-level computer programming language designed to support structured programming and used in teaching, applications, and systems programming. Pascal language To make as perfect or effective as possible. Optimize 使最优化 A specifically defined division in a system of classification; a class. Category 种类类别 To change (something) into another form, substance, state, or product; transform: Convert 转变变换 A program operating on symbolic input data to produce the equivalent executable machine code. Assembler 汇编程序 To examine or consider (a subject) in speech or writing. Discuss 讨论 A defect in the code or routine of a program. Bug错误 To translate (a program) into machine language. compile To be or provide a substitute for. Replace 取代〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文佳能打印机有五种样式，价格从$80 到 $500不等，满足了任何想打印相片用户的需求。对于个别不常用的用户，可以选用佳能i455和i475D桌面相片打印机。对于性能要求更高，每种颜色要使用分开的墨盒的用户可以选择中档的i560和i860。对于专业照相师，可以使用i9100相片打印机，它能够打印13 X 19英寸的大相片。 Unit6 单词 Collection 收集收取收集物 Initialize 舒适化 Provide 供应，供给，准备，规定 Complexity 复杂性 Responsible 可靠的，可依赖的，负责的 Operating system（OS）操作系统 Petrol pump 加油泵 Word process 字处理程序 MSDOS（microsoft disk operating system）微软磁盘操作系统 Remotely 远程地，遥远地 Terminal 终端 Interfere 干涉，干预，妨碍 Request 请求，要求 Priority 优先权 Interact with 与。。。交互，与。。相合 Multi-user operating system多用户操作系统 Multi-tasking operating system 多任务操作系统 CLI（command line interpreter）命令行解释程序〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 To make available,supply,afford Provide 供给供应 A device,often equipped with a keyboard and a video display,through which data or information can enter or leave a computer system Terminal 终端 Having fair knowledge,acquainted Familiar 熟识的常见的 Precedence,especially established by order of importance or urgency Priority 优先权 A large,powerful computer,often serving several connected terminals Mainframe 主机大型机 To set to a starting position or value Initialize 初始化 One that detects,especially a mechanical,electrical,or chemical device Detector 检测器，探测器 A program that translates an instruction into amachine language and executes it before proceeding to the next instruction Interpreter 解释程序 Not in use or operation Garbage 无用数据废物 To express a desire for,ask for Request 要求请求〖Ex. 4〗把下列句子翻译为中文： 1）Windows 3.1只能在x86系列处理器计算机上运行。 2）Windows CE是MS-Windows是轻便种类。 3）Windows CE可以在几种不同的处理器上运行，包括x86系列以及几种安装在PDA（个人数字助理）上的、嵌入式系统的和手持设备上的处理器。 4）UNIX功能强大，它完全是多任务的，能够完成所有操作系统所能做的事情。 5）Linux可以免费下载，也可以花费少量服务费用购买Linux光盘。 6）Linux也可能比任何操作系统都适合更多的硬件组合。 7）人们甚至成功地使Linux在PDA（个人数字助理）上运行。 8）Linux速度快、性能稳定且价格便宜，因此它受到因特网服务提供商、软件开发商和类似家庭计算机嗜好者的欢迎。 9）到年底，最大容量台式PC机硬盘的转速将达到每分钟5400转。 10）我推荐个人使用CD-R作为自己主要的备份工具。〖Ex. 5〗把下列短文翻译成中文    近几年硬件驱动器给予以往的摩尔定律以沉重打击。每18个月微处理器的产量相对晶体管翻一翻（处理能力差不多翻了一翻），而驱动器以及其它种类的存储设备每10个到每12个月就能够翻一翻。 Unit7 〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 A system of computers interconnected by telephone wires or other means in order to share information.  Network 网络 A system that links together electronic office equipment, such as computers and word processors, and forms a network within an office or a building.   LAN 局域网 The numerical difference between the upper and lower frequencies of a band of electromagnetic radiation, especially an assigned range of radio frequencies.   Bandwidth 带宽 A specified frequency band for the transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals, as for television signals.   Channel 通道，信道 An impulse or a fluctuating electric quantity, such as voltage, current, or electric field strength, whose variations represent coded information.   Signal 信号 The sending of a signal, picture, or other information from a transmitter.   Transmission 传送 A standard procedure for regulating data transmission between computers.   Protocol 协议 A terminal in a computer network.   Node 结点 A device used to break or open an electric circuit or to divert current from one conductor to another.    Switch 交换机 A bound or sheathed group of mutually insulated conductors.    Cable 电缆 Unit 8 DNS（domain name service）域名服务 HTML 超文本标识语言 IP（internet protocol）网际协议 FTP 文件传输协议 HTTP 超文本传输协议〖Ex. 3〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇（使用学过的单词、词组或缩略语）英   文   解   释词   汇 The written or printed directions on mail or other deliverable items indicating destination. Address 地址 To transfer (data or programs) from a central computer to a peripheral computer or device. Download 下载 A standard procedure for regulating data transmission between computers. Protocol 协议 A computer-based information retrieval system that enables a user to gain or provide access to texts, audio and video recordings, photographs, and computer graphics related to a particular subject. Hypermedia 超媒体 A large, usually continuous segment of a surface or space; area. Region地区，领域 Being the only one of its kind: Unique 唯一的 The substance or substances out of which a thing is or can be made. Material原料材料 To know to be something that has been perceived before: Recognize 认识 A symbol or set of symbols identifying the contents of a file, memory, tape, or record. Label 标签，标记 An affix added to the end of a word or stem, serving to form a new word or functioning as an inflectional ending, such as -ness in  gentleness, -ing in walking, or -s in sits. Suffix 后缀</p>

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