小学英语名词语法讲解附习题及答案.doc

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指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。可分为专有名词与普通名词，可数名词与不可数名词，简单名词与复合名词。普通名词：人和物，物有可数名词和不可数名词。专有名词：人名、地名、国家名、单位名、组织名（有一个特点：第一字母是大写的）（一）名词的所有关系 ① 在英语中，有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。大多数表示有生命的东西。但是表示时间的名词特殊如. Tom’s book My mother’s book 3 hours’ time ② 如果复数名词末尾已有s就直接加 ’ 。如 the teachers’ office ③ 如果一些物品为两者共有，只需在后一个名词后加’s ；如果为各自所有，则需在每个名词后加’s。如. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室 Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms.Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室 ④ 表示无生命的物体的名词所有格，一般与of短语连用。如 a map of the world a photo of my family ⑤ 双重所有格把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。如 a friend of my father’s （二）可数名词前加a或者an 规则：辅音前面加a，元音前面加an。首先要分清是可数还是不可数名词。还要记一些特殊情况的单词。 (1)不可数名词：oil, water, sugar, milk, flour, coffee, rubbish ,paper ,soup, ink, cabbage, meat, wood, money, beer ,cloth, ice前面不能加a 或者an (2)国家名前面也不能加a或者an (3)这几个单词前需要加a: ( a )Unit, ( a )university, ( a )uniform （三）可数名词变复数 1.不可数名词都默认为单数 2.名词单数转换为复数各种不同情况变化方法例词一般情况直接加-s book-books bag-bags cat-cats bed-beds 以s. x. sh. ch结尾以o结尾的表示有生命动植物加-es bus-buses box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches peach—peaches glass—glasses tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes 以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i, 再加-es family-families study--studies 以“f或fe”结尾变f或fe为v，再加-es knife-knives leaf——leaves 不规则名词复数 man-men woman-women policeman-policemen policewoman-policewomen mouse-mice foot-feet child-children fish-fish Chinese-Chinese 习题：一、根据题意选出正确的答案 1. They got much _____ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges 3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home . A. 25 minutes’ walk B. 25 minute’s walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk 4. An old _______ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 5. Help yourself to __________. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples 6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________. A. room’s number B. rooms’ number C. room numbers D. rooms’ numbers 7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________. A. family B. house C. home D. room 8. ________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peter’s B. Mary and Peter C. Mary’s and Peter D. Mary’s and Peter’s 9. Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncle’s C. her uncles D. aunt’s 答：①我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮，不随地吐痰，爱护花草树木，搞好环境卫生，保护好身边的环境。②力争做一个环保小卫士，向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience 5、草蛉是蚜虫的天敌，七星瓢虫吃蚜虫，蜻蜓吃蚊子。 C. an experience D. a lot experience 二、请写出下列词的复数形式。 3、米饭里面的主要成分是淀粉。米饭淀粉遇到碘酒，颜色变成蓝色，这种蓝色物质是一种不同于米饭和淀粉的新物质。city _____ zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mouse _____ book__________ dress_________ sheep___________ tea______ strawberry_________ peach__________ sandwich__________ 6、你还知道哪些环境问题？它们都对地球造成了哪些影响？paper_________ juice__________ water____________ fish_________ 答：说明米饭不是甜的，但米饭含有淀粉，在我们咀嚼的过程中发生了变化，变得有甜味了。三、填入所给名词的正确形式 1. I have two____________ (knife) 3、我们在水中发现了什么微生物呢？（P18）2. There are many ___________ here. (box) 7、我们每个人应该怎样保护身边的环境？3. There are many ___________ on the road. (bus) 4. A few ___________ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 10、生物学家列文虎克于1632年出生在荷兰，他制成了世界上最早的可放大300倍的金属结构的显微镜。他用自制的显微镜发现了微生物。5. The ______________ are playing football now. (child) 6、化学变化伴随的现象有改变颜色、发光发热、产生气体、产生沉淀物。6. Please take two _______________ for me. (photo) 7. I like the red ________________.(tomato) 8. Would you please clean your _____________ now? (tooth) 9. Do you want some _________? (milk) 10. There are ten ________ _______in our school. (woman teacher) 2、昆虫种类繁多，分布很广，它们有着和其他动物不同的身体构造和本领。答案：一、C C A B D C C D B B 二cities zoos countries teeth mice books dresses sheep teas strawberries peaches sandwiches papers juice water fish 二．1. knives 2.boxes 3.buses 4.boys 5.children 6.photos 7.tomatoes 8.teeth 9.milk 10.women teachers teacher: tom, why are you late for school every day? tom: every time i come to the corner, a sign says, "school-go slow". 老师：汤姆，您为什么每天上学迟到？汤姆：我每次路过拐角，一个路标上面写着："学校----慢行。"

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