花生播种机内侧充种式排种器的性能试验.pdf

第 28 卷增刊 2农 业 工 程 学 报Vol.28Supp.2842012 年10 月Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural EngineeringOct.2012Experimental research on inside-filling metering device forpeanut seederSun Yutao1,Tian Lizhong2,Shang Shuqi1,Yang Ranbing1,Wang Yanyao1,Zhao Jianliang1(1.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;2.Department of Automotive Engineering,Zibo Vocational Institute,Zibo 255314,China)Abstract:In order to make inside-filling metering device widely be employed in peanut planting machine,Theexperiment and research on inside-filling metering device were had based on the operation platform of JPS-12.The effectof metering axle rotating speed,metering height and seed size on performance of metering device was analyzed withresearch method that combined single and multi-elements experiments.Qualified rate of seed hole distance,double seedrate,single seed rate,repeat rate,omitting rate and damage rate were selected as the performance indexes.Throughvariance analysis on results of above mentioned experiment,when discharge rotating speed was 30 r/min,discharge heightwas 25 cm,peanut breed was Fenghua 5,the discharge performance was the best,The discharge performance is that thequalified rate of seed hole distance was 96.12%,double seed rate was 96.36%,single seed rate was 0.91%,repeat rate was1.82%,omitting rate was 0.91%and damage rate was 0.35%.The experimental research provides a foundation for designand improvement of high efficient peanut planting devices.Key words:agricultural machinery,optimization,experiments,peanut,metering device,orthogonal testdoi：10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2012.z2.015CLC number:S223.2+6;S223.2+5Document code:AArticle ID:1002-6819(2012)-Supp.2-0084-06Sun Yutao,Tian Lizhong,Shang Shuqi,et al.Experimental research on inside-filling metering device for peanut seederJ.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(Supp.2):8489.(in English with Chinese abstract)孙玉涛，田立忠，尚书旗，等.花生播种机内侧充种式排种器的性能试验J.农业工程学报，2012，28(增刊2)：8489.0IntroductionAs one of the most important oil and commercialcrops,peanut covers quite large planting area in ourcountry.Although it is widely planted,the plantingmechanization keeps at a low level.Among all theinfluencing elements,the metering performance ranksas the most important one.Nowadays,inside-fillingmeteringdeviceismostwidelyemployedinpeanut-planting machine in China.This is actuallymechanized metering device with advantages asbelow:simple structure,reliable operation,lost cost,good exchangeability.Also there are disadvantages,for example:high damage rate,low work efficiencyReceived date：2012-05-04Revised date：2012-05-30Foundation items：Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the PublicInterest(201203028)Biography：Sun Yutao(1987),male,major in agricultural mechanizationengineering,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,QingdaoAgricultural University,266109.Email:Corresponding author：Shang Shuqi(1958),male,Ph.D,professor,member of the CSAE(B0411000365),major in agricultural mechanizationengineering,College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,QingdaoAgricultural University,266109.Email:and low planting accuracy.Through research ofperformance experiment on single and multi elements,this paper will provide theoretical foundation fordesign and improvement of high efficient peanutmetering devices1-6.1Material and method1.1Experiment equipment1.1.1Inside-filling metering deviceThe structure of inside-filling metering device isas Fig.1,seed cell of this meter is located at the innerside of discharging plate,when the plate rotates,seedswill enter those cells from seed room7.The space forseed entrance is big while the inner opening is small,thus,under the influence of gravity,redundant seedswill drop down when seed cell rotates to top,whilethose in cell will go ahead along seed protect boardand are buried into soil when seed cell rotates to thebottom.1.1.2Experiment plat form of metering deviceExperiment platform of JPS-12 metering deviceis as Fig.2.This platform is composed of main part,electrical driving machine,supplementary equipment增刊 2孙玉涛等：花生播种机内侧充种式排种器的性能试验851.Metershell2.Seed disc3.Seed retainer4.Feed shaft5.BearingNote:v is the forward speed of machine.is the rotation speed of dischargeplate.+90(clockwise)is redundant seeds cleaning region.is seedsreleasing region.Fig.1Structure of inside-filling metering deviceof seed bed belt,camera box,discharging device,oil-cleaning equipment and so on.Based on computerhigh-speedimagerecognitiontechnology,thisplatform can efficiently achieve detection of meteringperformance timely8.Besides,for hill-drop planter,this platform can provide cave space,seed-in-hillquantity,exact distribution of hold distance,with theseelements,the qualified hill-space rate and seed-in-hillquantity rate can be determined.Fig.2Experiment platform of JPS-12 metering device1.2Experiment materialThree kinds of peanuts are selected for thisexperiment,they are:Xiaobaosha,Fenghua 5 andLuhua11.All the peanut seeds need to be selectedcarefully before experiment.Remove those broken orthose seeds too big or too small,then randomly pickup 1000 pieces from three kinds of selected peanutseeds.The maximum size of the seed is considered aslength while minimum as thickness and middle aswidth,therefore the three dimensional size can bedetermined9-12.Through measuring the distributionof width and thickness of seeds,the size characteristicand performance index can be shown as Table 1.Table 1Physical properties parameter of peanut seedSize characteristic/mmSize variation coefficient /%Peanut breedMoisturecontent/%Weight of 1000pieces seeds/gLengthWidthThicknessLengthWidthThicknessXiaobaisha0.76792.517.028.588.058.97.310.3Fenghua 50.63912.518.879.628.529.78.611.4Luhua 110.651020.519.759.888.608.88.810.81.3Performance index of meteringMetering homogeneity is the main element toevaluate the metering performance,the evaluateperformance index are:qualified rate of seed holedistance,double seed rate,single seed rate,repeat rate,omitting rate and damage rate.Table 2Computational formulaIndexFormulaRemarkHill-space standarddeviation2()iXXSnn:Hill-space quantity;Xi:Cave spaceX:Average value of hill-spaceHill-space variationcoefficient100SaXQualified seed-in-hill ratehllHflh:Qualified seed-in-hillquantityf:Total cave quantityQualified hill-space rate1hxxHfxh:Qualified hill-spacequantityOmission ratehkkHfkh:Empty hole quantityXr=150 mm mains the qualified hole distance intheory,the range is 148.5151.5 mm.Seed-in-hillquantityshouldbe2piecespercaveastherequirements of agronomy,more or less meansunqualified.Related computational formula is as Table 2.1.4Influencing elements on metering performance1.4.1Discharge plate rotating speedThe discharge plate rotating speed is proportionalto the operation speed,which is a key element that hasgreat effect on seed-filling in quality for metering.1.4.2Seed-dropping heightWhen go through the seed-dropping height,peanuts seeds will suffer from disturbance of airflow,at the same time,they will randomly rub and collidewith tube wall,and all of these will change themetering homogeneity1.4.3Seed sizeEach discharge plate has a certain range for seed农业工程学报2012 年86size.Appropriate employment of discharge plate is thefoundation of improvement in metering performance.And the shape and size is determined by the peanutbreeds and seeds selected before experiment.Thus,the key point of this research is to select reasonablepeanut breeds and careful selection of seeds ahead ofexperiment.1.5Experiment methodThe single element,multi element and multilevelexperiment on metering performance and damage rateexperiment were carried out13-15.The purpose ofsingle element test is to observe its influencingprincipleonmeteringperformancewhilemulti-elementsandmultilevelexperimentistodetermine the importance of each influencing elementand the best combination of parameters.Since damagerate experiment requires to measure seed weight,which is different from other two experiments,therefore,the experiment need to be carried outseparately.2Single element experimentsDifferent index levels were chosen for theexperiment of each element,result as below Fig.3 andFig.4.Analysis from above 2 figures shows that withthe increasing of seed size,the qualified seed-in-caverate increases while the qualified cave space ratedecreases.The reason is that the increasing in seedsize decrease filling rate,then excess seed quantity inseed cell will be smaller,however,bigger size makesseed stick into the cell,and therefore the cave spacerate will be decrease.Fig.3Effect of discharge plate rotation variation on cavespace pass-rate and qualified seed-in-cave rateFigure 3 shows that with the increasing rotatingspeed of discharge plate,the qualified cave space andseed-in-cave rate will decrease.The reason is that highrotating speed leaves little time for seed to enter intoseed room.Thus,the qualified cave space and seed-in-cave rate will obviously go downstairs.Fig.4Effect of discharging altitude variation on cave spacepass-rateFigure 4 shows that,there is no obvious influenceof discharging height on qualified cave space andseed-in-cave rate.The reason is that the attachingeffect of oil makes seed unable to jump freely.However this might be different from real operation,the result only provides reference.Besides,the figurealso shows that if the height is too big,its effect onqualified cave space rate will be enlarged.3Multi elements experiments3.1Experiment elements and levelsThe elements were selected in the experiment:different peanut breed with different seed size,discharge plate rotating speed and discharge height.Top middle and bottom level were selected for threeelements as below Table 316-18.Table 3Experimental factors and their levelsLevelADischarge plate rotationspeed/(r min-1)BPeanut breedCDischargeheight/mm120Fenghua 5350230Xiaobaisha300340Luhua 112503.2Experiment resultThisexperimentwasseparatedintothreeelements in three levels.Orthogonal array L9(34)wasselected for the orthogonal test,the result as Table 4.3.3Analysis on experiment result3.3.1Analysisonqualifiedcavespacerateexperiment resultAnalysis(Table 5 and Table 6)shows that,forqualified cave space rate,the sequence of primary andsecondary factors is ABC,and the best combinationof parameters is A2B1C1,that s to say,discharge platerotating speed is 30 r/min,peanut breed is Fenghua5,discharge height is 350 mm.增刊 2孙玉涛等：花生播种机内侧充种式排种器的性能试验87Table 4Experiment resultExperimentno.Total cavequantity/cellAveragevalue ofhill-space/mmQualifiedhill-spacequantity/cellQualifiedhill-spacerate/%Doubleseedsquantity/cellQualifiedSeed-in-cavequantity rate/%Emptycavequantity/cellOmissionquantity/%Singleseedquantity/cellSingleseed rate/%Multi seedquantity/cellRepeatplantingrate/%1110148.710494.7310797.2710.9110.9110.912100147.09191.249797.0022.0011.00003106150.68883.2510195.2810.9421.8921.894120151.011495.2810789.1721.6786.6732.505110146.510292.649485.4576.3643.6454.556100149.38888.048181.0055.0099.0055.007112150.810291.0710795.5410.8910.8932.688105148.79186.959893.3321.9043.8110.959115150.09481.3310490.4332.6121.7465.22Table 5Analysis on Xmax-Xmin of cave space pass-rateABCTest ValueM12.69222.81082.6985M22.75962.70832.6772M32.71752.52622.66961M0.89740.93690.8928T=8.08672M0.91990.90280.8991y=0.89853M0.90580.84210.8899Sj0.34610.16120.0234R0.02250.09480.0092Better levelA2B1C1Primary and secondaryfactorsBACNote:A is discharge plate rotation speed,B is peanut breed,C is dischargeheight.Table 6Variance analysis of cave space pass-rateVariancenameQuadraticsumDegree offreedomMean-square deviationFConspicuousnessA0.346120.1730519.23HighB0.181220.0806010.06MiddleC0.023420.011701.3LowError0.018020.00900Note:A is discharge plate rotation speed,B is peanut breed,C is dischargeheight.3.3.2Analysis on qualified seed-in-cave quantityrate experiment resultAnalysis(Table 7 and Table 8)shows that,forqualified double seed rate,the sequence of primaryand secondary factors isBAC,and the bestcombination of parameters is A1B1C3,that s to say,Table 7Analysis on Xmax-Xmin of double seed rateABCTest ValueM12.89392.81672.7111M22.55182.75732.7688M32.62082.66372.75781M0.96460.93890.90372M0.85060.91910.9229T=8.0867y=0.89853M0.87360.88790.9193Sj0.08170.37400.0160R0.11400.05100.0192Better levelA1B1C3Primary andsecondaryfactorsABCNote:A is discharge plate rotation speed,B is peanut breed,C is dischargeheight.Table 8Variance analysis of double seed pass-rateVariancenameQuadraticsumDegree offreedomMean-squaredeviationFConspicuousnessA0.081720.040917.76MiddleB0.374020.187081.30HighC0.016020.00803.48LowError0.004620.0023Note:A is discharge plate rotation speed,B is peanut breed,C is dischargeheight.discharge plate rotating speed is 20 r/min,peanutbreed is Fenghua 5,discharge height is 250 mm.4Experiment on seed damage rateExperiment method for seed damage rate isdifferent from others,the seed bed belt and oil pumpwon t work,only start discharge plate to release seeds,thenpickupdischargedseedswithcontainer,discharge plate operates 1 minute,measure thedamaged seed weight from container19-20.Table 9Analysis of experiment results for seed damagerateExperiment no.ABCTest Value/%11110.3721220.4231330.542120.3252230.3762310.5273130.4283210.4793320.63M11.291.111.36M21.211.261.37M31.311.651.29M10.430.370.45M20.400.420.46M30.440.550.43T=3.9500y=0.4389Sj0.12730.25180.0180R0.040.180.03Better levelA2B1C3Primary and secondaryfactorsBACNote:A is discharge plate rotation speed,B is peanut breed,C is dischargeheight.农业工程学报2012 年88Table 10Variance analysis of seed damage rateVariancenameQuadraticsumDegree offreedomMean-squaredeviationFConspicuousnessA0.127320.063721.97HighB0.251820.125943.41HighC0.018020.00903.10LowError0.005820.0029Note:A is discharge plate rotation speed,B is peanut breed,C is dischargeheight.Analysis(Table 9 and Table 10)shows that,thesequence of primary and secondary factors is BAC,and the best combination of parameters is A2B1C3.Experiment shows that,if the discharge plate is notsuitable for seed size,there will be more damagedpeanuts.At the same time,with the increasing ofrotating speed,the seed damage rate will increase.Thereasonisthatmoreseedswillbecarriedtoseed-cleaning equipment area under high rotatingspeed.Some of these seeds can t be cleaned out toseed cell timely and will be squeezed and damaged.When the rotating speed comes to the maximum limitfor seed entering cell,part of the seeds will be carriedto discharge area and damaged,especially for thoseseeds with inappropriate size,the date rate will bemore serious.5Experimental verificationExperimentswerecarriedoutwiththeparameters as below:discharge rotating speed was30 r/min,discharge height was 25 cm,and peanutbreed was Fenghua 5.Test results show that:qualifiedrate of seed hole distance was 96.12%,double seedrate was 96.36%,single seed rate was 0.91%,repeatrate was 1.82%,omitting rate was 0.91%and damagerate was