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针刺调控CIRI大鼠缺血侧...circRNAs的功能研究_江姗姗.pdf

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1、中国病理生理杂志 Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology 2023,39(2):220-232杂志网址:http:/针刺调控CIRI大鼠缺血侧海马组织差异表达circRNAs的功能研究*江姗姗1,唐红1,汪红娟1,吕倩忆2,谢灿明1,王瑶1,陈楚淘1,田浩梅1(1湖南中医药大学针灸推拿与康复学院,湖南 长沙 410208;2成都市第二人民医院,四川 成都 610021)摘要 目的:探讨针刺对脑缺血再灌注损伤(CIRI)大鼠脑组织的保护作用,观察针刺对CIRI大鼠缺血侧海马组织环状RNAs(circRNAs)差异表达的影响,并对其进行基因本体(GO)分析。方法:68

2、周龄SD大鼠54只,运用随机数字法随机分为造模组和假手术组(sham组),造模成功后再随机分为模型组(model组)和针刺组(AC组),每组18只。采用改良Longa线栓法制备大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注(MCAO/R)模型,激光散斑成像仪监测造模前、MCAO手术后及再灌注后脑血流量,假手术组只剥离血管,不插入线栓;干预期间模型组和假手术组只捆绑不针刺,针刺组捆绑+针刺。采用改良加西亚(Garcia)评分法对神经功能进行评定,TTC染色法检测脑梗死面积,Western blot法检测神经元核抗原(NeuN)的表达,尼氏染色法观察缺血侧海马组织神经元损伤程度,基因芯片微阵列分析筛选出缺血侧海马组织差异表

3、达的circRNAs,并对模型组/假手术组、针刺组/模型组共同差异表达circRNAs的来源基因进行GO分析。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑梗死面积比显著升高(P0.01),Garcia神经功能评分、NeuN表达量和海马CA1区尼氏染色阳性细胞数显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);与模型组比较,针刺组脑梗死面积比显著降低(P0.01),神经功能评分、NeuN表达量和尼氏染色阳性细胞数显著升高(P0.05或P1.25,P0.05);其中模型组/假手术组、针刺组/模型组共同差异表达的circRNAs个数为23个;GO分析显示共同差异表达circRNAs的来源基因功能涉及神经系统发育,神经元的产

4、生、发育、分化及投射,头部、大脑及海马的发育,突触的形成、发育、延伸及运输等。结论:CIRI大鼠缺血侧海马组织circRNAs在造模后及针刺干预后均存在差异表达。针刺能显著改善CIRI大鼠的神经功能和脑梗死面积,减轻海马组织神经元损伤,其机制可能与针刺调控缺血侧海马组织多种circRNAs的差异表达及激发其促进神经元发育分化、抗神经损伤等功能有关。关键词 针刺;脑缺血再灌注损伤;神经元损伤;环状RNA;差异表达中图分类号 R743;R363.2 文献标志码 A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2023.02.004Research on function of acu

5、puncture regulating differential expression of circRNAs in hippocampus of CIRI ratsJIANG Shanshan1,TANG Hong1,WANG Hongjuan1,L Qianyi2,XIE Canming1,WANG Yao1,CHEN Chutao1,TIAN Haomei1(1School of Acupuncture,Massage and Rehabilitation,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha 410208,China;2Chengd

6、u Second Peoples Hospital,Chengdu 610021,China.E-mail:)ABSTRACT AIM:To explore the protective effect of acupuncture on brain tissue of rats with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury(CIRI),observe the effect of acupuncture on the differential expression of circular RNA(circRNA)in the hippocampus of t

7、he ischemic side of CIRI rats,and carry out gene ontology(GO)analysis on it.METHODS:Fifty four 68 week old SD rats were randomly divided into modeling group and sham operation group(sham group).CIRI rats 文章编号 1000-4718(2023)02-0220-13 收稿日期 2022-08-22 修回日期 2022-12-23*基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81874508;No.

8、82274662);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(No.2020JJ4065;No.2021JJ30490);长沙市科技局自然科学基金项目(No.kq2014094);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(No.CX20220799);湖南中医药大学研究生创新课题(No.2021CX39;No.2022CX97)通讯作者 Tel:13548574270;E-mail:220were randomly divided into model group(model group)and acupuncture group(AC group)with 18 rats in each group.Establishm

9、ent of middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R)model by using Longa monofilament method.The cerebral blood flow was monitored by laser speckle imager.In the sham operation group,only the blood vessels were stripped without inserting thread plugs.The acupuncture group was bound+acupunctur

10、e every 12 h,30 minutes for 7 times,during which twirling manipulation was performed.The nerve function was evaluated by the modified Garcia scoring method.Cerebral infarction area was measured by TTC staining.Detection of the expression of neuronal nuclear antigen(NeuN)by Western blot.Observation o

11、f neuronal damage in ischemic hippocampus by Nissl staining.Gene chip microarray analysis was used to screen out the circRNA differentially expressed in the hippocampus of ischemic side,and GO analysis was performed on the source genes of common differentially expressed circRNA in model group vs sha

12、m group and AC group vs model group.RESULTS:Before intervention,compared with the sham group,the Garcia neural function score in the modeling group was significantly lower(P0.01).After intervention,compared with the sham group,the score of the Model group decreased significantly(P0.01).Compared with

13、 the model group,the score of AC group increased significantly(P0.01).Compared with before intervention,the score of AC group increased significantly after intervention(P0.01).Compared with the sham group,the area ratio of cerebral infarction in the model group was significantly increased(P0.01),the

14、 expression of NeuN was significantly decreased(P0.01),and the number of Nielsen staining positive cells in hippocampal CA1 neurons in the ischemic side was significantly decreased(P0.05).Compared with the model group,the area ratio of cerebral infarction in the AC group was significantly reduced(P0

15、.01),the expression of NeuN was significantly increased(P0.05),and the number of neurons with positive Nissl staining was significantly increased(P1.25,P1.25、P0.05的筛选标准,寻找假手术组、模型组、针刺组间差异表达的circRNAs,并对差异表达circRNAs的来源基因进行GO功能富集分析。Figure 1.Establishment of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(M

16、CAO/R)rat model.The scale bar=0.5 mm.A:laser speckle imager showed the cerebral blood flow in the right cerebral hemisphere is full before modeling;B:after MCAO,the cerebral blood flow decreased significantly;C:after reperfusion,the cerebral blood flow recovered.图1大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注大鼠模型的建立2234统计学处理本实验采用完全随机

17、设计,所有数据为计量资料,用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析,组内干预前后比较:差值符合正态分布使用配对t检验;不符合则使用配对秩和检验。各组间比较:所有数据进行正态性检验,满足正态性分布使用单因素方差分析,方差齐者用 LSD 检验,方差不齐者用 Tamhanes T2检验,数据用均数标准差(meanSD)表示;不符合正态性分布则使用非参数检验,以中位数与四分位数间距 median(Q)表示。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果1实验大鼠死亡率本实验共纳入大鼠65只,未达到纳入标准大鼠2只,死亡大鼠9只,假手术组无大鼠死亡,死亡率为0;模型组死亡大鼠4只,死亡率为18.1%;针刺组死亡大鼠

18、5只,死亡率为21.7%;最终各组以18只大鼠纳入统计。2改良Garcia评分观察各组大鼠神经功能状况造模后,对所有大鼠进行神经功能评分,与假手术组比较,模型组和针刺组Garcia神经功能评分显著降低(P0.01);72 h干预后,与假手术组比较,模型组评分显著降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,针刺组评分显著升高(P0.01);与干预前比较,干预后针刺组评分显著升高(P0.01),见图2。3TTC染色观察各组大鼠脑梗死面积比假手术组大鼠脑组织未见显著梗死灶;与假手术组相比,模型组和针刺组脑梗死面积百分比均显著升高(P0.01);与模型组相比,针刺组梗死面积比显著降低(P0.01),见图3。4W

19、estern blot 观察各组大鼠缺血侧海马组织NeuN蛋白表达水平与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠缺血侧海马组织NeuN表达量显著降低(P0.01);与模型组比较,针刺组NeuN表达量显著上调(P0.05),见图4。5尼氏染色观察各组大鼠缺血侧海马CA1区神经元大鼠海马神经元尼氏染色结果显示,假手术组细胞结构完整、密度大,排列整齐且紧密,胞体饱满,胞浆均匀着色,高倍镜下细胞核核仁显著,尼氏体染色较深,数量较多;模型组大部分细胞结构不完整,呈空泡状改变,尼氏体溶解甚至消失;针刺组细胞结构较为完整,偶有空泡状改变,神经元损伤较模型组降低,见图5A。与假手术组比较,模型组缺血侧海马CA1区神经元尼氏染

20、色阳性细胞数显著降低(P0.05);与模型组比较,针刺组神经元尼氏染色阳性细胞数显著升高(P0.05),见图5B。6基因芯片检测6.1大鼠缺血侧海马组织 circRNAs 差异表达谱差异circRNAs火山图见图6A、6B,垂直线分别对应上下差异倍数1.25倍,水平线代表0.05的P值,因此,图中的红点代表具有统计意义的差异表达的circRNAs。聚类分析图见图 6C、6D,横列为差异表达circRNAs,纵列为样本名称,红色荧光为高表达,绿色为低表达。Figure 2.Garcia scoring was used to observe the neurological function o

21、f the rats in different groups.Median(Q).n=18.#P0.01 vs sham group;*P0.01 vs model group;&P0.01 vs acupuncture(AC)group before intervention.图2Garcia评分观察各组大鼠干预前和干预后神经功能状况224Figure 3.TTC staining was used to observe the cerebral infarction area changes of the rats in different groups.A:TTC staining pi

22、cture;B:percentage of cerebral infarction area.MeanSD.n=5.#P0.01 vs sham group;*P0.01 vs model group.图3TTC染色观察各组大鼠脑梗死面积改变Figure 4.Western blot was used to observe the protein level of NeuN in hippocampal tissues on ischemic side of the rats in different groups.MeanSD.n=5.#P0.01 vs sham group;*P0.05

23、vs model group.图4Western blot观察各组大鼠缺血侧海马组织NeuN蛋白水平Figure 5.Nissl staining was used to observe neurons in hippocampal CA1 area on ischemic side of the rats in different groups.A:the left picture showed Nissl staining results of the whole hippocampus of the right hemisphere of the brain(scale bar=500

24、m),while the right picture is the enlarged result of hippocampal CA1 area in the left picture(scale bar=50 m);B:Nissl staining positive cells.MeanSD.n=5.#P0.05 vs sham group;*P0.05 vs model group.图5尼氏染色观察各组大鼠缺血侧海马CA1区神经元225Figure 6.Differential expression profile of circRNAs.A and B:volcano plots.Th

25、e vertical lines correspond to 1.25-fold up and down,and the horizontal line represents a P-value of 0.05.The red point in the plot represents the differentially expressed circRNAs with statistical significance.A:model group vs sham group;B:acupuncture group vs model group.C and D:heatmaps.The horiz

26、ontal column is the differentially expressed circRNAs,the vertical column is the sample name,the red fluorescence is the high expression,and the green is the low expression.C:model group vs sham group;D:acupuncture group vs model group.n=3.图6circRNAs差异表达谱2266.2大鼠缺血侧海马组织差异表达 circRNAs 数量与假手术组比较,模型组上调的

27、差异表达 circRNAs个数为288,下调个数为315;与模型组比较,针刺组上调的差异表达circRNAs个数为33,下调个数为18。其中造模后下调、针刺后上调的共同差异表 达 circRNAs 为 16 个,分 别 是 rno_circRNA_009775、rno_circRNA_011989、rno_circRNA_003569、mmu_circRNA_002279、rno_circRNA_008343、rno_circRNA_004285、rno_circRNA_011770、rno_circRNA_017109、rno_circRNA_001795、rno_circRNA_00409

28、4、rno_circRNA_011768、rno_circRNA_003559、rno_circRNA_006985、rno_circRNA_013175、rno_circRNA_003917、rno_circRNA_011767,见图 7A,造模后上调、针刺后下调的共同差异表达 circRNAs为 7个,分 别 为 mmu_circRNA_23904、mmu_circRNA_006620、rno_circRNA_006405、rno_circRNA_012390、rno_circRNA_006701、rno_circRNA_007293、rno_circRNA_006893,见图7B。6.3

29、针刺干预后共同差异表达circRNAs来源基因的 GO 功能富集分析通过对共同差异表达 circRNAs来源基因进行的GO分析,可以初步探讨共同差异表达circRNAs在生物体中的潜在功能,GO分析包括生物进程(biological process,BP)、细胞成分(cellular component,CC)和分子功能(molecular function,MF)三个领域,根据来源基因的“基因计数”和GO条目的“富集分数”,针刺干预后上调的共同差异表达circRNAs其来源基因在BP方面,主要富集在神经系统发育、神经元的产生、神经元发育、神经元分化、神经元投射发育、神经发生和生物发生等进程;

30、在CC方面,主要富集在突触、突触后膜、神经元间突触、细胞内囊泡和神经元细胞体等;在MF方面,主要富集在结合、蛋白质结合、蛋白激酶活性、酶调节活性和微管结合等,见图 8A。下调的共同差异表达circRNAs其来源基因在BP方面,主要富集在大脑皮层发育、神经元投射发育、神经元分化、蛋白质代谢过程、生物过程的调节、基因表达的调控等进程;在CC方面,主要富集在细胞内膜结合细胞器、细胞质、细胞内囊泡、内质网、兴奋性突触等;在MF方面,主要富集在结合、转移酶活性、神经营养素结合、激酶结合、转运活性等,见图8B。具体GO分析的GOID、GO条目、基因分布计数、富集分数等详见表1。GOID 代 表 GO 条

31、目 的 ID,对 共 同 差 异 表 达circRNAs来源基因富集的GOID数量统计见图9,其中富集 GOID 数量前三的基因分别为 NTRK2(118个)、HDAC2(97个)和DST(84个),其对应的circRNA分别为:rno_circRNA_006893、rno_circRNA_009775和rno_circRNA_017109。讨论CIRI是缺血性脑卒中的主要并发症,因其发病症状与中医中风类似,故将其归属于中医中风范畴。中医学认为“脑髓损伤,神机失用”、“督脉瘀阻,阳气不振”是中风发病的病机关键15,因此中风病的诊治常选取督脉穴,历代医家也认为“督脉痹阻”是中风病发病的经络学基础

32、16。灵枢 邪气脏腑病形 曰:Figure 7.The numbers of common differentially expressed circRNAs.A:the blue part is the number of down-regulated circRNAs in model group compared with sham group,the yellow part is the number of up-regulated circRNAs in acupuncture(AC)group compared with model group,and the middle par

33、t is the numder of common differentially expressed circRNAs;B:the blue part is the number of up-regulated circRNAs in model group compared with sham group,the yellow part is the number of down-regulated circRNAs in AC group compared with model group,and the middle part is the number of common differ

34、entially expressed circRNAs.n=3.图7模型组/假手术组和针刺组/模型组共同差异表达circRNAs数量227Figure 8.The GO analysis of up-regulated(A)and down-regulated(B)source genes of common differentially expressed circRNAs after acupuncture intervention.图8共同上调或下调表达circRNAs来源基因的GO分析228“病变在脑,首取督脉”,本实验研究所选取的大椎、百会、水沟穴均为督脉要穴,其中大椎穴为督脉入脑的

35、关键穴位,刺之可开通督脉,活血行气;百会穴位于巅顶,又称为三阳五会,是百脉聚会之处,是治疗内外风的关键穴位,刺之可使气血上荣,补益脑髓;水沟穴为督脉和手足阳明经的交会穴,刺之可回阳救逆,开窍醒神。课题组前期研究显示17-18,针刺大椎、百会、水沟穴治疗CIRI疗效确切,可有效改善神经功能和神经元超微结构的病理改变,减轻神经损伤,促进机能恢复和血管新生,从而达到一定程度的脑保护作用。近年来课题组致力于从基因学视角研究针刺促CIRI修复机制,其机制可能是针刺激活多种类微小 RNA(microRNA,miRNA)的表达,靶向多条信号转导通路,从多途径和多网络调控CIRI19-20,可能与其调控miR

36、-34c-5p表达,进而调控细胞自噬抗凋亡有关21。本实验研究结果显示,在造模后,大表1针刺干预后共同差异表达circRNAs来源基因的GO分析Table 1.The GO analysis of source genes of common differentially expressed circRNAs after acupuncture interventionGOIDGO:0071840GO:0007399GO:0048699GO:0022008GO:0030182GO:0048666GO:0031175GO:0045202GO:0098794GO:0097708GO:0098984

37、GO:0043025GO:0005488GO:0005515GO:0004672GO:0030234GO:0008017GO:0019538GO:0048518GO:0010628GO:0021987GO:0021543GO:0010976GO:0045666GO:0005737GO:0043231GO:0097708GO:0005783GO:0060076GO:0005488GO:0016740GO:0019900GO:0005215GO:0043121OntologyBPBPBPBPBPBPBPCCCCCCCCCCMFMFMFMFMFBPBPBPBPBPBPBPCCCCCCCCCCMFMF

38、MFMFMFTermCellular component organization or biogenesisNervous system developmentGeneration of neuronsNeurogenesisNeuron differentiationNeuron developmentNeuron projection developmentSynapsePostsynapseIntracellular vesicleNeuron to neuron synapseNeuronal cell bodyBindingProtein bindingProtein kinase

39、 activityEnzyme regulator activityMicrotubule bindingProtein metabolic processPositive regulation of biological processPositive regulation of gene expressionCerebral cortex developmentPallium developmentPositive regulation of neuron projection developmentPositive regulation of neuron differentiation

40、CytoplasmIntracellular membrane-bounded organelleIntracellular vesicleEndoplasmic reticulumExcitatory synapseBindingTransferase activityKinase bindingTransporter activityNeurotrophin bindingRegulationUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpUpDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDownDo

41、wnGene count9444444443419621244211116632162311Enrichment score1.3468210553.4116168723.4702002193.225560863.0526185632.8727582251.7555443165.5035639034.1355547881.9656106554.4772639841.7134793411.4701347651.9027934991.4149259731.429891452.2756092961.5956574811.329962941.3644060192.4621434542.08470813

42、31.6779123311.4861422221.8686644182.0483670241.7573620221.4492781161.3499136621.4839306471.3434608571.8590926391.4483469792.077230614P value0.04500.00040.00030.00060.00090.00130.01760.00000.00010.01080.00000.01930.03390.01250.03850.03720.00530.02540.04680.04320.00350.00820.02100.03260.01350.00890.01

43、750.03550.04470.03280.04530.01380.03560.0084229鼠Garcia神经功能评分显著降低,脑血流量显著减少,脑梗死面积显著增加,针刺干预后都能在一定程度上改善CIRI大鼠神经功能,减少脑梗死面积,减轻神经损伤,发挥脑保护效应。大量circRNAs在哺乳动物脑中的表达丰富度要高于其他的检测组织,且 circRNA 在神经发育过程中,在大脑各个部位均有较高的表达22-24。circRNA在神经形成和发育及突触可塑性中的高表达,提示circRNA在中枢神经系统中的重要作用25。circRNA可作为海绵吸附miRNA和RNA结合蛋白参与转录后调控、调控亲本基因的

44、表达等途径在神经系统疾病中发挥作用26。Han等27研究发现短暂性MCAO模型缺血脑组织中circHECTD1水平显著增加,在敲减circHECTD1表达之后,可缓解脑血管闭塞和神经元的亏损从而发挥神经保护作用。Chen等28研究表明局灶性脑缺血再灌注小鼠模型的脑组织中 circUCK2的水平显著降低,升高的circUCK2水平显著降低了梗死体积,减轻了神经元损伤,并改善了神经功能缺损,其机制是circUCK2可以作为内源性miR-125b-5p海绵来抑制miR-125b-5p活性,从而导致生长分化因子 11 的表达增加,并随后改善神经元损伤。以上研究均表明调控差异表达的circRNAs可以实

45、现对脑缺血后神经损伤的修复作用,改善神经功能缺损,减轻神经元损伤,从而发挥神经保护作用,因此 circRNA 在 CIRI 的诊疗中具有重要的研究意义。目前已有circRNA在大鼠脑缺血后海马组织中表达谱的研究29;但针刺调控circRNA在CIRI大鼠海马组织中的差异表达谱仍未见报道,本研究主要以circRNA为切入点、针刺为干预手段,探索针刺调控circRNAs的差异表达抗脑缺血再灌注损伤。本实验研究结果显示,造模后及针刺后大鼠缺血侧海马组织circRNAs表达谱均发生改变,且造模后与针刺后存在共同差异表达的circRNAs,这23个共表达的基因可能成为针刺调控circRNA抗CIRI的关

46、键靶点。此外,共同差异表达circRNAs的来源基因GO分析结果显示,其广泛参与神经系统发育,神经元的产生、发育、分化及投射,头部、大脑及海马的发育,突触的形成、发育、延伸及运输等,且富集GOID数量前三的核心基因NTRK2、HDAC2和DST功能多富集在与神经系统发育与神经元发育分化有关。因此,我们可以推断出共同差异表达circRNAs在神经系统中具有促进神经元发育分化、减轻神经元损伤等功能;本实验采用尼氏染色法观察缺血侧海马组织神经元的损伤程度、WB检测神经元特异性核蛋白NeuN的表达以探究针刺对缺血侧海马组织神经元的作用。因海马CA1区神经元最为敏感30,且 CIRI 后海马 CA1 区

47、神经元是损伤率最高的区域31,故本实验采用海马CA1区域的染色进行计数,模型组缺血侧海马CA1区神经元尼氏染色阳性细胞数显著降低、NeuN表达量显著降低,针刺干预后均显著升高,这表明针刺可以减轻缺血侧海马组织神经元的损伤。以上GO分析的结果与本实验针刺所表现出的效应相一致。综上所述,针刺能显著改善CIRI大鼠的神经功能评分和脑梗死面积比,减轻海马组织神经元损伤,其机制可能与针刺调控缺血侧海马组织circRNAs差Figure 9.The number of GOID enriched by source genes of common differentially expressed circ

48、RNAs.n=3.P0.05.图9共同差异表达circRNAs来源基因富集的GOID数量230异表达以及激发共同差异表达circRNAs的促神经元发育分化、抗神经损伤等功能有关。本实验为探究针刺调控circRNA表达抗CIRI提供了关键基因,为进一步治疗CIRI提供了关键靶点。但本实验未对核心 circRNA 进行验证,且未在基因层面对核心 circRNA 进行沉默或者过表达相关研究。另外,circRNA的差异表达是通过何种途径起到的减轻神经元损伤的作用,有待进一步研究。参考文献1Liu Q,Zhou S,Wang Y,et al.A feasible strategy for focal c

49、erebral ischemia-reperfusion injury:remote ischemic postconditioning J.Neural Regener Res,2014,9(15):1460.2Wang Y,Ren Q,Zhang X,et al.Neuroprotective mechanisms of calycosin against focal cerebralischemia and reperfusion injury in rats J.Cell Physiol Biochem,2018,45(2):537-546.3臧瑞,郭涛,李旭华,等.五味子醇甲通过调控

50、自噬流减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤 J.中国病理生理杂志,2021,37(2):269-276.Zang Y,Guo T,Li XH,et al.Schisandrin A alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by regulating autophagic flux J.Chin J Pathophysiol,2021,37(2):269-276.4Jeck WR,Sharpless NE.Detecting and characterizing circular RNAs J.Nat Biotechnol,2014,3

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