2018全国一卷英语真题翻译-答案.doc

第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWashington D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike helmet cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington D.C.Duration:3 hoursMorning or Afternoon this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents Congress memorials and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike helmet and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps. B. Cameras.C. Meals. D. Safety lights.华盛顿特区自行车之旅华盛顿樱花自行车之旅。持续时间游览这个小型团体自行车之旅是一个奇妙的方式，可以看到世界著名的樱花树与美丽的华盛顿特区。您的导游将提供一个关于树木和著名的纪念碑在那里开花的历史教训。提前预定好您的位置-樱花消失了！华盛顿首都纪念碑自行车之旅持续时间：3小时（4英里）参加自行车导游之旅，在华盛顿特区游览一些最受欢迎的纪念碑。探索国家广场上的纪念碑和纪念碑，因为导游在每一站分享独特的事实和历史。导游包括自行车、头盔、饼干和瓶装水。华盛顿首都自行车之旅。持续时间：3小时无论是早上还是下午，这趟自行车之旅都是华盛顿特区的完美之旅。对于希望以健康的方式尽可能少的努力体验华盛顿特区的新来者和当地人来说。知识渊博的导游将为您提供有关总统、国会、纪念馆和公园的最有趣的故事。舒适的自行车和顺畅的旅游路线（路路路路）使自行车之间的网站乐趣和放松。夜间自行车之旅的华盛顿首都景点持续时间：3小时（7英里）参加一个小型团体自行车之旅，在华盛顿市中心进行一个晚上的探索。骑自行车游览国会山和国家购物中心的遗址时，请靠近纪念碑和纪念碑。由于您的导游提供了独特的事实和历史，因此经常会停下来拍照。旅游包括自行车、头盔和瓶装水。所有骑手都配有反光背心和安全灯。21.你需要提前预定哪一个旅游团？华盛顿樱花自行车之旅。华盛顿首都纪念碑自行车之旅。华盛顿首都自行车之旅。华盛顿首都景点夜间自行车之旅。22.首都自行车之旅你会做什么？认识名人。去国家公园。参观著名的博物馆。享受有趣的故事。23.夜间自行车之旅提供下列哪些服务？城市地图，摄像机。c.用餐。d.安全灯。BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money: Good Food she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home preparing meals for sons Sam14 Finn13 and Jack 11.We love Mexican churros so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant she explains. I pay 5 for a portion(一份) but Matt makes them for 26p a portion because they are flour water sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列节目) Save Money: Good Food follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: Good Health which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid?A. She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B. She has started a new programme.C. She dislikes working early in the morning. D. She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A. He buys cooking materials for her. B. He prepares food for her kids.C. He assists her in cooking matters. D. He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Summarize the previous paragraphs. B. Provide some advice for the readers.C. Add some background information. D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily DietC. Making yourself a Perfect Chef D. Cooking Well for Less早安英国的苏珊娜里德习惯每天早上在沙发上烤客人们，但她在最新的角色里却在酝酿一场风暴向家人展示如何在预算紧张的情况下准备美味营养的饭菜。在“省钱：美食”一书中，她每周都会去不同的家，在厨师马特特布特的帮助下，她提供了如何减少食物浪费的顶级建议，同时为每个家庭准备每天不到5英镑的食谱。早安英国节目主持人说，她已经能够在自己家里把自己学到的很多东西付诸实践，为14岁的儿子萨姆、13岁的芬恩和11岁的杰克准备饭菜。她解释说：“我们喜欢墨西哥酸辣酱，所以我在当地的墨西哥外卖餐厅用手机买。”我付5英镑买一份（一），但马特做的是26便士一份，因为它们是面粉、水、糖和油。每个人都可以买外卖食品，但有时我们不知道自己做这种食品有多便宜。”由八部分组成的系列节目省钱：美食紧跟着英国独立电视台省钱：健康的脚步，为观众提供了如何从市场上的各种保健品中获取价值的建议。食物是我们最大的每周家庭开支，苏珊娜和马特每周花时间与不同的家庭在一起。在今晚的复活节特别节目中，他们来帮助一个需要一些美味的灵感的家庭。这个团队用更便宜但仍然美味的食谱改变了这个家庭漫长的周末庆祝活动。24岁。我们对苏珊娜里德了解多少？她喜欢让客人难堪。她开始了一个新的节目。她不喜欢一大早工作。她家里的预算很紧。25岁。马特泰布特如何帮助苏珊娜？他为她买烹饪材料。他为她的孩子准备食物。他帮她做饭。他为她请客。26岁。提交人打算在第4段中做什么？总结前面的段落。为读者提供一些建议。增加一些背景资料。介绍一个新的讨论话题。27岁。什么是适合课文的标题？A.通过饮食保持健康B.平衡我们的日常饮食C.让你自己成为一个完美的厨师CLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers small tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10000 years ago when the world had just five to ten million people they spoke perhaps 12000 languages between them.Soon afterwards many of those people started settling down to become farmers and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries trade industrialisation the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades all have caused many languages to disappear and dominant languages such as English Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present the world has about 6800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages often spoken by many people while hot wet zones have lots often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3200 of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6000 which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6800 languages are close to extinction(消亡) with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick at random Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers)Chiapaneco in Mexico(150) Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2？A.Complex. B. Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6 000 people at present? A.About 6800 B.About 3400C.About 2400 D.About 120031. What is the main idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.C类几千年来，语言一直在不断地变化，但最近一段时间，变化越来越少。当世界上仍有狩猎采集者的时候，小而紧密的群体形成了各自独立的语言模式。一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有五百万到一千万人口时，他们之间可能会说12000种语言。不久之后，这些人中的许多人开始定居下来成为农民，他们的语言也变得越来越固定，越来越少。近几个世纪来，贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和普及义务教育的普及，特别是过去几十年的全球化和更好的交流，都导致了许多语言的消失，英语、西班牙语和汉语等占主导地位的语言正日益占据主导地位。目前，世界上大约有6800种语言。这些语言的分布极不均衡。一般规律是，温和地带的语言相对较少，经常有很多人说；而炎热潮湿地带的语言较多，经常有少量人说。欧洲只有大约200种语言；美洲大约1000种；非洲2400种；亚洲和太平洋大约3200种，其中仅巴布亚新几内亚就占了800多种。说话者的中位数（ching）仅为6000人，这意味着世界上一半的语言使用者都比这少。在总共6800种语言中，已经有超过400种濒临灭绝，只有少数老年人会说。随机挑选喀麦隆的布苏（剩下的八位发言人）、墨西哥的奇帕内科（150位）、美国的利班阿帕奇（两三位）或澳大利亚的瓦吉古（一位带问号）：这些人似乎都没有太大的生存机会。28岁。我们能从狩猎采集时代的语言中推断出什么？他们发展得很快。它们数量很多。他们有相似的模式。他们关系密切。29岁。以下哪一项最能解释第2段中强调的“支配性”？复杂。B.高级。C.强大。现代。30岁。目前不到6000人说多少种语言？公元前6800年左右3400年左右约公元2400年约1200年31岁。这篇课文的主旨是什么？新的语言将被创造。人们的生活方式反映在语言中。人类发展导致语言的减少。地理决定语言的进化。DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment and our wallets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers basic mobile phones and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 plaxxxxyers smart phones and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002 before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices however we didnt throw out our old ones. The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room and suddenly one day you have a TV in every room of the house said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution（解决方案）? The teams data only went up to 2007 but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly. B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home. D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV. B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV. D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them. B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them. D. Recycle them.我们可能会认为我们是一种文化，当我们第一眼看到一些闪亮的新东西时，我们就摆脱了陈旧的技术，但一项新的研究表明，我们在旧设备过时后，仍然继续使用它们。这对环境和我们的钱包来说都是坏消息，因为这些过时的设备消耗的能量比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗的能量要多得多。为了弄清这些设备使用了多少能源，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的卡莉巴比特和她的同事跟踪了每种产品从开采矿物到停止使用的整个生命周期的环境成本。这种方法提供了一个读数，显示了自20世纪90年代初以来，家庭能源使用的变化情况。1992年定义的台式计算机、基本移动电话和盒式电视机。数码相机于1997年到达现场。在2007年平板电脑和电子阅读器出现之前，MP3播放器、智能手机和液晶电视在2002年进入家庭。然而，随着我们积累了更多的设备，我们并没有抛弃旧设备。”一位研究人员说：“客厅里的电视机被换掉，种在孩子们的房间里，突然有一天，你家里的每个房间都有一台电视机。”电子设备的平均数量从1992年的每户4台上升到2007年的13台。我们不只是保留这些旧设备-我们继续使用它们。根据巴比特团队的分析，旧的台式显示器和带阴极射线管的盒式电视是最糟糕的设备，它们的能耗和温室气体排放（排放）在1992年至2007年期间增加了一倍多。那么解决方法是什么？研究小组的数据只持续到2007年，但研究人员还探讨了如果消费者用新的电子产品替代旧产品，比如用于文字处理和电视观看的平板电脑，会发生什么情况。他们发现，在平板电脑而不是电视和台式电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目，可以将能耗降低44%。32岁。作者对新设备有何看法？它们是环保的。它们不比旧的好。它们在家里使用成本更高。它们很快就过时了。33岁。巴比特的团队为什么要进行这项研究？降低矿物的成本。b.测试产品的生命周期。c.向消费者更新新技术。找出设备的耗电量。34岁。以下哪一项消耗的能量最少？A.盒式电视机B.平板电脑。液晶电视，台式电脑。35岁。这篇文章建议人们如何处理旧的电子设备？别用了。把它们拆开。升级它们。回收它们。第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones the medium ones and the large ones. 38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls ceilings and floors .Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint the time effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking forC. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE. Its not really a good idea to use too many small