裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记[1].doc

裕兴新概念英语第一册笔记完整版1）v. 原谅eg. Excuse me. 请原谅，劳驾。2）n. 借口eg. Its an excuse.me pron. 我（宾格:用来做宾语的。）eg. He loves me.他爱我.eg. She cheats me.他骗我.eg. Please tell me.他告诉我.Excuse me 的用法 这个短语经常被译作“对不起”，但它并不表示你有什么过错，而是说你要打搅别人，所以常被译作“劳驾”。1） 为了要引起别人的注意eg. Excuse me. Is this you handbag?2） 要打扰某人或要打断别人 话eg. Excuse me . May I ask you a question?3) 向陌生人问路eg. Excuse me. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station?4) 向某人借东西eg. Excuse me. Can I borrow your pen?5) 需要从别人身边挤过或让别人给自己让路eg. Excuse me. Could you please make some room for me?6) 要求在宴席或会议中途中离开一会儿eg. Excuse me. May I lease for a little while?sorry 用于当你做错事而向别人道歉的时候，表示“对不起”。1） 请问几点了？eg. Excuse me. What time is it?2) 不小心把水弄到了别人的身上。eg. Sorry. 或者 Im sorry!3) 对不起，我先失陪一下eg. Excuse me.4) 误解了别人的意思eg. Sorry.yes1) adv. 是的（对一般疑问句的肯定回答）eg. Are you mad?-Yes, I am.2)经常用于应答，表示“什么事”。eg. Excuse me? 请问/劳驾？-Yes? 什么事？is v. be 动词现在时第三人称单数be : is am areis 用于单数名词或单数第三人称代词。eg. He is a student. 他是一个学生。eg. Thats an egg.那是一个鸡蛋。（Thats= That is）eg. This is a pen.这是一支钢笔。your 你的，你们的（物主代词后面加名词） your key 你的钥匙eg. This is your key.这是你的钥匙。eg. That is your book.那是你的书。your room 你们的房间eg. That is your room. 那是你们的房间。pardon 原谅，请再说一遍pardon=pardon me=I beg your pardon? 能再说一遍吗？eg. Is this your pencil? 这是你的铅笔吗？ -Yes, it is. 是的，它是。（it 指代 pencil）thank you 感谢你（们）2） you 代词（你， 你们）主格-作主语eg. You are a good student.你是一个好学生。宾格-作宾语eg. Thank you.谢谢你（们）eg. I miss you.我想你（们）。very much 非常地eg. Thank you very much.非常感感eg. I love you very much.我非常爱你。. Grammar1. 一般疑问句;把系动词be(is, am, are) 置于句首eg. This is a handbag.这是一个手提包。（肯定句）eg. Is this a handbag.-Yes, it is. (肯定回答) （it 代handbag）-No, it ist.(否定回答)2. 否定句：把not 加在系动词的后面is not = isntam not are not eg. This is not my handbag.小结1. Excuse me .对不起，劳驾。2. Pardon?请再说一遍。3. Thank you very much.非常感谢。watch1) n. 手表eg. My watch is new.我的手表是新的。eg. Is that your new watch?-Yes , it is.2) v 看watch TVhouse 房子Exercise BLook at the situations. What expression do you use for each?1. You dont hear something very clearly. What do you say?当你没有听清楚别人的说话时，你应该说：Pardon?I beg your pardon?Pardon me?2. If you what to leave for a little while in the meeting. What do you say?会议中途你想离开一会儿，你应该说:Excuse me3. When you step on ones foot, what do you say?当你不小心踩了别人的脚时，应该说：Sorry.4. When someone helps you. What do you say?当别人帮助了你，你应该说Thank youThank you very much小结含有系动词is 的句型转换1. 陈述句 This is . That is.2.一般疑问句 Is.?3.肯定回答：Yes , it is Yes , she is 4.否定回答：No, it isnt . No, she isnt.5. 否定句：系动词后面加not.语音中元音：u o ou口腔几乎全开，嘴唇成自然状态，短音。up 向上 shut 关上 cup 茶杯 bus 公共汽车 much 许多 lunch son 儿子 honey 亲爱的人 money 钱 other 其它的enough 足够的 cousin 侄子 young 年轻的Read these sentences:1. You shut up. 你闭嘴。2. My son has much money. 我儿子有许多钱。3. His son always comes here for money. 儿的儿子总是来这儿要钱。4. Her young cousin has enough money for the lunch.她的小侄 子有足够的钱付这顿午餐。中元音:ir ur or er ear口腔半开，嘴唇成自然状态，长音。bird 鸟 first 第一 girl 女孩 dirty 脏的 shirt 衬衫turn 翻转 church 教堂nurse 护士burn 燃烧 work 工作 worm 虫子 word 单词 world 世界 worse 更坏的verb 动词 mercy 同情early earth searchRead these sentences;1. This nurse wears a dirty shirt 这位护士穿了一件脏裙子。2. Its the early bird that catches the worm.早起的鸟有虫吃。3. This girl works in the church.中元音: -er worker teacher sister brotherabout arrive among1. Her sister is a teacher.2. This famous doctor arrives in the city.3. His sister wants some sugar.New words and expressionsplease1) 请（可置于句首，也可置于句末）Come in please=Please come inSit down please=Please sit down2) 求求你（重读）eg. Dont tell my mother about it, please! 不要把这件事告诉我的妈妈，求求你了。eg. Help me, please! 帮帮我，求求你了。here adv. 这里 there adv. 那里eg. Come here. 到这儿来。eg. Go there. 到那儿去。here 与 there 置于句首时，后面主谓要倒装。eg. Here is my ticket.(here放置于句首，后面的系动词is 在主语my ticket的前面)正常语序：My ticket is here.my pron. 我的（物主代词不可以单独使用后面要加名词）Her boyfriend is very rich.她的男朋友很有钱。Welcome to our school.欢迎到我们学校来。ticket n. 票an air ticketa train ticketa bus ticketa cinema ticketHere is my air ticketnumber n.号码telephone number 电话号码number + 基数词 第.number one 第一number twoI am number one.lesson five 第五课day five 第五天five +可数名词复数形式 五个(表示数量为两个以上的名词都要用复数形式，即在词尾要加s)five handbags 五个手提包sorry 常用于对自己所犯的过失表示道歉Excuse me .打扰别人时说的客套话。Im sorry,. I broke yourglass.Excuse me. May I ask you a question?sir n. 先生表示对不相识的男子，年长者或上级的一种尊称，一般单独便用，后面不与姓氏连用。Excuse me, sir.Thank you, sir.Can I help you, sir?Mr. 也是“先生”的意思，但与sir的用法上有所不同，Mr.必须与姓氏连用，不可单独便用。Mr. Zhang.TestQuestion:Does the man get his umbrella back? 这位男士有没有要回他的雨伞?My coat and my umbrella please.此句省略了动词give(给)give sb sth 把某物给某人（sb 是somebody 的缩写，表示“某人”）（sth 是 something的缩写，表示“某物”）Give me my coat and my umbrella please.Here is my ticket此句为倒装句，副词here/three置于句首时，主谓要倒装。正常语序：My ticket is here.Heres your umbrella and your coat.and 表示“和”，是连词，连接两个并列成份，位置可以互换。My father and my mother.Is this your umbrella?此句为一般疑问句。含有系动词be 的陈述句变成一般疑问句，把系动词置于句首，句号变问号，用升调。Is this her can?Yes, it is.Is this it ? = Is this your umbrella?it 指your umbrella,由于前面提到了umberlla, 所以后面就用it 来代替，以免重复。I want a mans suit. 我想要一套男装。at school 在学校求学Her son is at school.她的儿子在学上校上学。go to school 去上学My son is very strong.My daughter is very lovely.我的女儿非常可爱。我妈妈的那套衣服不是黑色的。My mothers(名词所有格) suit isnt black.Lesson five语音：后元音（五个）; 用舌的后部感觉发音。a: 口腔全开，嘴唇成自然装态，不扁也不圆，长音。ar car hard star park farm dark party start a fast past father ear heart al half1. You cant park your car on the farm.2. The party starts at half past ten.3. I cant see the stars in the dark sky.C发音时舌尖要离开下齿龈，口形椭圆，肌肉放松，短音。闭音节单词中ojob clock long stop lost got boss hot a watch water 1. She lost that job, but she got this job.2. The clock often stops.C:or born sport horse short al all tall fall wall talk aw paw law drawau augh taught caughtLesson fiveMr. 先生（不可单独使用）Mr. + 姓氏Mr. leeMr. zhangsir 先生可以单独使用，是对上级，长者，或陌生男性的尊称。Sir 后面不能加姓氏。Thank you, sir.Sorry, sir.Can I help you, sir?good adj. 好反义词 bad adj. 坏的This is a good book.She is a good teacher.morning n. 早晨afternoon n. 下午evening n. 晚上night n. 夜里Good morning.Good afternoon,Good eveningGood nightin the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上at night 在夜里Miss 小姐（一般指未婚女性）Miss + 姓氏Miss LeeMrs. 太太（己婚女性）Mrs. +丈夫的姓氏Mrs. Black 布莱克太太(其丈夫姓Black)Ms. 女士（对未知婚姻状况者的称谓）Ms. Lee 李女士英语国家人名的构成：first name + middle name + aurname 名字 中间名 姓new adj. 新的反义词 old adj. 旧的That is my new shirt.Is this your old dress?French n. 法国人（国籍）;法语 adj. 法国的Miss Lee is French.I can speak French.He is a French student.France n. 法国（国名）I come from France.I am from France.German n. 德国人（国籍）;德语 adj. 德国的Are you German?He can speak German.Is Miss Sophie Dupont a German student?Germany dV:mmi n.德国（国名）meet v 遇见，碰见Nice to meet you这是非正式场合下初次见面时的客套用语。回答也应为：Nice to meet you, too.在正式场合中How do you do? 你好回答也是How do you do?Japanese n. 日本人（国籍），日语 adj. 日本的Japan n. 日本（国名）Korean n. 韩国人（国籍）; 韩国语 adj. 韩国的Korea n. 韩国（国名）Chinese n.中国人（国籍）; 汉语 adj. 中国的China n. 中国（国名）China is a big country.too adv. 也用在肯定和疑问句中。否定句中用either, too 和 either 一般都放在句末，并且用逗号隔开。Miss Dupont is French, too.Mrs. Lee is not German, either.Good morning.也可以直接用hello 问好。This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Sophie is a new student. She is French.“This is + 姓名” 是把一个人介绍给另一个人时用的句型。向别人介绍自己时：My name is 或者是 I am.He is German=He is from Germany.Nice to meet you.用于非正式场合的初次见面。回答：Nice to meet you, too.make1) n. (产品的)牌号My shirt is a Korean make.我的衬衫是韩国牌子的。What make is your car?2) v. 制造，做make a carmake a model plane.Swedish n. 瑞典人（国籍） adj. 瑞典的Sweden n. 瑞典 （国名）Sweden is in Europe.瑞典在欧洲。English adj.英国的 英语， 英国人England n. 英格兰， 英国American adj. 美国的 n 美国人America n. 美国Italian adj. 意大利的 意大利人，意大利语Italy n. 意大利（国名）选择疑问句Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher?She isnt a Chinese teacher. She is a Japanese teacher.name 姓名My name is .Your name is His name is Her name isMy name is Wendy.I am 含系动词的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问句+系动词+主语？What color is his shirt?What is your name?nationality n. 国籍What nationality are you?你是哪国人？Where are you from?Where do you come from?job 工作What is your job?What do you do?你的工作是什么？Lesson ninehow 怎么样 (特殊疑问词)how many 多少（可数名词复数）How many students?how much 多少（不可数名词，价格）How much tea?How much is the handbag?how long 多长时间How long have you been in China?how often 多经常（频率）How often do you take a bath?how far 多远（距离）How far is it from here?how soon 多久I am leaving for Shanghai on business.How soon will you come back?well 1) adv. 好（修饰动词） He cooks well.He dose well in English.3) adj. 身体好How are you, today?I am well. Thank you, and you?see 表示结果look 强调动作过程Look at the blackboard.watch 看，注视（所看画面是移动的）Nice to meet you.(初次见面时打招呼用语)Nice to see you.(相互认识的人见面时打招呼用)This is our classroom.Whose classroom is this？Whose is this classroom?形容词性物主代词是修饰名词的，所以后面必须加名词。This suit is my. (错语)This suit is mine. (正确)名词性物主代词必须单独使用，后面不再接名词。名词所有格是在词尾加s。这种形式即具有形容词性，也具有名词性。Whose shirt is this?This is Wendys(作形容词性物主代词来用) skirt.=This is her skirt.Whose is this skirt?This skirt is Wends. =This skirt is hers.Your car is red; mine is blue.mine =my carI have my way, and she has hers.我有我的处事方式，她有她的。whose 引导的特殊疑问句即可用形容词性物主代词回答，也可用名词性物主代词回答。Whose house is this?This is our house. = This house is ours.perhaps=maybe 可能Perhaps it will rain.Perhaps it is his car.catch v.1) 接住Catch2) 逮住，捕获 catch a thief3) 染上（疾病catch a coldfather=Dadmather=Mumparents: father and motherHis parents is in Germany.(his parent 复数，故系动词用are)What makeWhat make is your watch?come v. 来go v. 去Come on; lets go swimming.来吧，我们去游泳。Come on; stop day-dreaming.得了，拜托，别再做白日梦了。Come on; youll be fine.没关系，你会没事的。upstairs adv. 楼上 downstairs adv. 楼下here there home abroad地点副词前不可以加介词。come here 不可以说成 come to here.smart adj.1) 漂亮的; 时髦的 Lucys blouse is smart. Her hat is very smart2) 聪明的; 机灵的She is a smart student.He is a smart businesman.clever 聪 明的（指理解力）; 狡猾的bright (多指小孩)Your little son is so bright.wise 理性的; 精明的（形容年纪较长者）lovely 可爱的Whose is this lovely hat?Whose lovely hat is this?Its Anns (hat)cute 小孩可爱The baby is cute.祁使句：谓语动词一般用原形，表示请求建议命令等。Follow me Shut the door, please Be carefulGo and buy a new hat.Wait and seesame 常与the 连用 表示同一的，相同的the same age The same cityWe live in the same city.friend n. 朋友Are they your friends?friendly adj.友好的be friendly to sb 对.友好She is friendly to me.(to 介词后面要接宾语)2)在以“s”“x”“sh”“ch”结尾的单数名词变复数时，需在单词后面加“es”bus buses dress dresses3) 以元音字母加“y”结尾的单数名词变复数，我们在词尾加sboy boys 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的单词，需把“y”去掉再加ies fly flies baby babies4) 以o结尾的单数名词变复数时有两种形式：其一是直接在词尾加s; 另一种是在词尾加es.口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆西经柿 +esNegro(es) hero(es) potato(es) tomato(es)其它则加sphoto(s)5) 不规则变化man men goose geese foot feet(以f 或 fe 结尾的单数名词变成复数，一般把f或fe 变成v 再加es.)knife knivesemployee n. 雇员employer n.雇 主employ v.employ sb.employment n. 就业 unemployment n.失业-ee 一般指动作的承受者，被动者-er 一般指施动者，主动者interview v. 采访; 面试*interviewee n. 被面试者，被采访者*interviewer n. 面试者，采访者.*hard-working adj.勤奋的Miss Smith is a hard-working employee. Smith小姐是一个勤奋的雇员。 *hard work n. 艰苦的工作（hard是adj., work是n.）That is hard work. 那是一项艰苦的工作。（注意work当工作讲时是不可数名词因此前面不能加“a”）*work hard v. 努力工作（work是v.，hard是adv.）We work hard. 我们努力工作。*sales reps 推销员*sales rep (单数形式)*rep representative n. 代表*sales n. 销售*sales representative 销售人员，销售代表*sales person 销售人员*salesman 男销售员*saleswoman 女销售员*man n. 男人 （单数） 人类 men*woman n.女人 women*office n. 办公室*in the office 在办公室里*assistant n.助手，助理*assistant of the manager 经理助理*office block 办公大楼*officer 官员*assist v. 援助*who 引导的特殊疑问句*who 引导的含有系动词的特殊疑问句的句型为：*who is + 单数名词？*who are + 复数名词？Who is that fat man?This conversation is between Mr. Jackson and Mr. Richards. Mr. Jackson is introducing the employees to Mr. Richards. Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.What are Michael Baker and Jeremy Shots jobs?Before we listen to the dialogue . Lets practice these names.Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards. 祈使句(省略主语)：You come and meet our employees.用来表示建议，命令，叮嘱等。*this is 用来介绍他人How do you do? 在正式场合下第一次见面时用语。回答也是：How do you do?- How are you? 朋友或相识的人之间见面时的询问身体状况的问候语。- I am fine. / I am well.*matter n. 事情Whats the matter? 怎么了？（用来询问发生了什么事）Whats wrong?Whats the matter with.?Whats wrong with.? .怎么了？Whats the matter with your brother? 你的兄弟怎么了？It doesnt matter! 没事，没关系！常用在回复sorry这句话中- Sorry! Im sorry!- It doesnt matter!*children n. 孩子们（复） child (单数)- Whose child is this?- This is her child.- Whose is this child?- This child is hers.*tired adj. 累的，疲乏的- Im tired. 我累了。*tire out :completely tired 筋疲力尽了*tireless 不知疲倦的*less 是形容词后缀，具有否定意义。- a tireless worker 不知疲倦的工人*thirsty adj. 渴的-We are tired and thirsty.*right adj.1) 好的，可以- Lets go upstairs and see my new blouse. 让我们上楼看我的新衬衫。- All right.-I fell off the stairs. 我从楼梯上摔了下来。- Are you all right? 你还好吧？-Yes, I am. 我还好，没什么事。2） 右边，右边的*left 左边，左边的- on the right 3) 正确的- Thats right. 对，没错（wrong）*there be 结构There be. 某地有某物There is + n. (可数单数名词或不可数名词) + 介词短语（状语）There are + n. (可数复数名词) + 介词短语（状语）介词(后面加名词)*in 在里面-in the box - in the office-in the room*on 在 上面- on the desk- on the book- on