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雅思阅读考题回顾
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12月8日雅思阅读考题回顾
来源:朗阁培训中心 编辑:xm 发布日期: -12-14
摘要:厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了12月1日雅思听力考题回顾以及备考建议。
考试日期:
12月8日
Reading Passage 1
Title:
对于鸟类发展的研究
Question types:
Table Completion; True/False/Not Given
文章内容回顾
用一个正例和一个反例讲达尔文的进化论。最后结论归到要保护环境也要保护动物进化的历程不被人打扰。开头先讲了达尔文在一个岛上观察一种鸟被选择的过程。然后是两个科学家在自己生活的地方也观察到同样的情况,三种鸟,不同的喙能够咬开不同大小的seed, 分别是一场干旱一场大雨和另一场干旱影响了土地上种子的大小,进而影响三种鸟的数量。然后两位科学家就在一个岛上观察到动物的进化被人类影响的状况。在这个岛中部,没有人的影响,鸟类自由繁衍,别的地方因为有人的影响,本应该灭绝的鸟活得很好。
英文原文阅读
The major structural characteristic of avian, reptilian, and mammalian gastrulation is the primitive streak. This streak is first visible as a thickening of the epiblast at the posterior region of the embryo, just anterior to Koller's sickle. This thickening is caused by the ingression of endodermal precursors from the epiblast into the blastocoel and by the migration of cells from the lateral region of the posterior epiblast toward the center. As these cells enter the primitive streak, the streak elongates toward the future head region. At the same time, the secondary hypoblast cells continue to migrate anteriorly from the posterior margin of the blastoderm. The elongation of the primitive streak appears to be coextensive with the anterior migration of these secondary hypoblast cells. The streak eventually extends 60-75% of the length of the area pellucida.
The primitive streak defines the axes of the embryo. It extends from posterior to anterior; migrating cells enter through its dorsal side and move to its ventral side; and it separates the left portion of the embryo from the right. Those elements close to the streak will be the medial (central) structures, while those farther from it will be the distal (lateral) structures.
As cells converge to form the primitive streak, a depression forms within the streak. This depression is called the primitive groove, and it serves as an opening through which migrating cells pass into the blastocoel. Thus, the primitive groove is analogous to the amphibian blastopore. At the anterior end of the primitive streak is a regional thickening of cells called the primitive knot orHensen's node. The center of this node contains a funnel-shaped depression (sometimes called the primitive pit) through which cells can pass into the blastocoel. Hensen's node is the functional equivalent of the dorsal lip of the amphibian blastopore (i.e., the organizer) and the fish embryonic shield.
As soon as the primitive streak has formed, epiblast cells begin to migrate through it and into the blastocoel). The primitive streak has a continually changing cell population. Cells migrating through Hensen's node pass down into the blastocoel and migrate anteriorly, forming foregut, head mesoderm, and notochord; cells passing through the lateral portions of the primitive streak give rise to the majority of endodermal and mesodermal tissues. Unlike the Xenopus mesoderm, which migrates as sheets of cells into the blastocoel, cells entering the inside of the avian embryo ingress as individuals after undergoing an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation. At Hensen's node and throughout the primitive streak, the breakdown of the basal lamina and the release of these cells into the embryo is thought to be accomplished by scatter factor, a 190-kDa protein secreted by the cells as they enter the strea. Scatter factor can convert epithelial sheets into mesenchymal cells in several ways, and it is probably involved both in downregulating E-cadherin expression and in preventing E-cadherin from functioning
题型难度分析
比较简单的填表题和是非无判断题的组合。本篇文章从话题到题型组合都较为简单。
题型技巧分析
是非无判断题是雅思阅读的经典题型,是复习备考时应关注的题型。
首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN。
解题步骤:
1. 速读问题的句子,找出考点词(容易有问题的部分)。考点词:比较级,最高级,数据(时间),程度副词,特殊形容词,绝对化的词(only, most, each, any, every, the same as等)
2. 排除考点词,在余下的词中找定位词,去原文定位。
3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及,是否正确。
TRUE的原则是同义替换,至少有一组近义词。
FALSE是题目和原文截然相反,不可共存,一般有至少一组反义词。
NOT GIVEN原文未提及,不做任何推断,特别多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑4 Test 1 Passage 2
Reading Passage 2
Title:
新西兰一个多种族区域的演变历程
Question types:
List of Heading; 人名观点Matching; 填空
文章内容回顾
在新西兰的一个地方,有了新的建筑,为了融合各民族人民而建的,还为了融合建立了新的community, 而且组织大家喝茶什么的。
题型难度分析
两种配对题的组合,耗时比较久,难度较高。
题型技巧分析
Heading题型做题步骤:
1. 读题目要求,注意是将heading前的序号写在答题卡上
2. 划去Example项,在Lists of headings中将例子的标题划去,同时将对应段落在文章中划去,以免做题时重复找
3. 在给出的标题中划出关键词,以名词为主
4. 读文章段落,主要读段首和段尾,找出主题句
5. 将段落主题句和标题相比较,选出答案
注意事项:
1. 在找主题句的时候,段首不一定是段落的第一句,很多时候特别是第二段及以后的段落,第一句往往是对上一段的概况,第二句第三句才是主题句
2. 如果本段有however, but等转折词汇以及also, although等,主题句即作者的中心在其后面
3. 如果某段中重复出现标题中的某个关键词,也能够判定此段的标题即是含有这个关键词的标题
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑4 Test 2 Passage 1&3
Reading Passage 3
Title:
What Can Company Do to Survive
Question types:
True/ False/ Not Given; 段落细节Matching
文章内容回顾
关于一个公司怎么在商界生存的。
题型难度分析
考生普遍反映词汇量要求不是很高,可是题目非常险恶。段落细节题和是非无判断题的组合,难度不是最高,可是需要通读文章。
题型技巧分析
段落细节配对难度较大,做时注意切不可逐题去原文整篇文章搜寻答案,这样会导致文章来来回回看很多遍,耗时太长。
1. 划出所有题目的keywords, 同时考虑到有可能出现近义替换的词,有针对性的去原文寻找答案。比如:看到be conscious of马上想到雅思高频近义替换是be aware of…, 看到reproduce想到copy。
2. 某些题目能够对题目进行细致的分析。平时经过精读多多熟悉文章结构安排,了解行文模式。
3. 做题时以文章为基准,每看一段,浏览题目中的keywords是否与其相关。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习
剑5 Test 3 Passage 1
考试趋势分析和备考指导:
Summary总体有所下降,T/F/NG优势依然明显;虽然Summary总体有所下降,可是完成句子题的出现实际上跟它是一个完全契合的点,因此Summary题的中流砥柱的地位是不会变的。判断题无论出现多少,都是我们该拿分的项,因此一定要重视它。
Matching三种类型分配均衡,考察综合能力;
Matching题已经不再着重于人物理论题或者信息配对题了,而是三种题型并驾齐驱,因此在复习Matching题时,一定要有的放矢,三种题型一定要均衡考量,不能忽视综合能力。
小题型如简答题、流程图和表格题保持着一个轮换考试的趋势。因此在复习大题型的时候,一定要注意一些小题型的解题特点。
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