英语音标发音表及发音规则.doc

1、 英语音标发音表英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。对于初学者来说，若采用集中教学，要学会48个音素的发音并区别开。确实不易。笔者对音标的教学采用了相对集中的方法，即从字母名称教学过渡到部分音标教学。国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音i:ie中元音:后元音u:u:a:双元音开合双元音eiaiiuau集中双元音iu辅音爆破音清辅音ptk浊辅音bdg摩擦音清辅音fsh浊辅音vz破擦音清辅音ttrts浊辅音ddrdz鼻音（浊辅音）mn舌则音（浊辅音）lr半元音（浊辅音）wj英语语音名词解释：1 音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m n l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 2音节的划分 在重读音节和非重读音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter在重读和非重读音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面重读音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果重读音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于重读音节。例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 0-02 3重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 4开音节 绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex cuse五个元音字母在开音节中发长音 e i: a u ju: 5闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 6双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。例如： stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如：a bout be fore ex cuse re pair for get-ful in ven-tor 0-06 7多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。例如： el-e-phant con-grat-u la-tion词尾有-ic 或-tion,-sion 的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scien tific im pression nation 48个国际音标的发音元音：i: 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边张开，露出微笑的表情，与字母E的发音相同。i 嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴形扁平。: 嘴形扁平，上下齿微开，舍身平放，舌中部稍稍抬高。 嘴唇微微张开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起，口腔自然放松发声。: 双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇稍收圆。u: 嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩。u 嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍收圆并放松些，舌头后缩。: 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身放平，舌尖不抵下齿，下巴放低，放松发音。 嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍稍抬起。 嘴张大，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。e 嘴形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起。ei 由e和i两个单音组成，e重读，i轻读，口形由半开到合，字母A就发这个音。ai 由a和i两个单音组成，a重读，i轻读，口形由开到合，与字母I的发音相同。i 由和i两个单音组成，重读，i轻读，口形由圆到扁，由开到合。au 由a和u两个单音组成，a重读，u轻读，口型由大到小。u 由和u两个单音组成，重读，u轻读，口形由半开到小，与字母O的发音相同。i 由i和两个单音组成，i重读，轻读，双唇始终半开。e 由e和两个单音组成，e重读，轻读，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开。u 由u和两个单音组成，u重读，轻读，双唇由收圆到半开。 48个国际音标的发音辅音：p双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。b双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。t舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔喷出，但声带不振动。d舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。k舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然间离开，将气送出来，想咳嗽一样，但声带不震动。舌后部抵住软腭，憋住气，然后突然间离开，将气送出来，但声带需振动。s双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带不振动。z双唇微微张开，舌头自然放松，气流从上下齿隙间送出，但声带需振动。双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，声带不振动。双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，送气，但声带需振动。t双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。d双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，但声带需振动。f上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带不振动。v上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后吹气，让气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带需振动。舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带不振动。上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖，送气，但声带需振动。ts舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动。dz舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出。tr双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取伐r的姿势，声带不振动。dr双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取伐r的姿势，但声带振动。h嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。r舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。l舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边送出。鼻音m双唇紧闭，舌头平放，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。n双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻孔里出来，声带振动。双唇张开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。辅音w双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两边滑开。j嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上颚，声带需振动。弃我去者，昨日之日不可留乱我心者，今日之日多烦忧48个国际音标表元音12个单元音长元音i:u:a:短元音iue8个双元音aieiiiuau辅音10对清辅音ptkfs trts浊辅音bdgvz drdz3个鼻音mn3个似拼音hrl2个半元音wj/i/-发音要领的是：舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，舌两侧抵上齿两侧，口形偏平。/i:/-发音要领是发音时舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高、舌位高于/i/：口形扁平。/e/-发音时舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，舌位比/i:/低；唇形中常，开口度比/i:/大。/-发音时舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，舌位比/e/更低；双唇平伸，成扁平形。/-/是长元音。发音时口张大，舌身压低并后缩，后舌稍隆起，舌尖不抵下齿。双唇稍收圆。/-发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，双唇稍稍收圆。/-它是长元音。发音时舌后部抬得比/即美式/美式/高，双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。/u/-发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。双唇收圆，稍突出。/-发音时舌后部尽量抬起，舌位比/u/即美式读音/英式读音/高。双唇收圆并突出。口形比/u/稍小。/-发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿，舌后部靠前部分稍抬起，唇形稍扁，开口度较大，与/相似。/-/是长元音。发音时舌中部比发/音时略高。双唇扁平。/-/是读短元音。发音时舌身平放，舌中部略隆起，双唇扁平。/ei/-先发/e/音，然后滑向/i/音。双唇稍扁，口形从半开到合。/-它由元音/滑向后元音/u/即美音和英音的/，舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小。注意将音发足。/ai/-/ai/为双元音。先发/a/音，然后滑向/i/音。舌尖抵住下齿。发此音的关键是要把/a/音发足，注意从开到合的滑动。/au/-/au/或/由/a/滑向/u/。舌位由低到高，口形由大到小。注意将音发足。/i/-发音时双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合。发好这个音的关键是首先要把后元音/a/发足，然后滑向/i/音。/i/-其发音要领是从/i/音滑向/音，美音则滑向/r/音。前面的/i/发得较清楚，后面的/或/r/较弱。双唇始终半开。此音一定要发足。/-其发音方法是从/e/音滑向/音。发间时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开，此音中的/有似于/e/音，/音较轻。/u/-发音时，嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把/u/音发足，然后滑向/音。/p/ /b/-/p/是p的发音，/b/是b的发音。双唇爆破辅音。发音时双唇紧闭，憋住气，然后突灰分开，气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/p/是清辅音，声带不振动；/b/是浊辅音，声带振动。/t/ /d/-/t/是t的发音，/d/是d的发音。舌齿爆破辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后突然分开，使气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音。/t/是清辅音，声带不振动；/d/是浊辅音，声带振动。/k/ /-/k/是字母k和字母c的发音，/是字母g的读音。舌后软颚爆破辅音。发音时舌后部隆起紧贴软颚，憋住气，然后突然分开，气流送出口腔，形成爆破音。/k/是清辅音，声带不振动；/是浊辅音，声带振动。/f/ /v/-/f/是f和ph的发音，/v/是v的发音。唇齿摩擦辅音。发音时下唇轻触上齿，气流由唇齿间通过，形成摩擦音。/f/是清辅音，声带不振动；/v/是浊辅音，声带振动。/ /-/是th的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖轻触上齿背，气流由舌齿间送出，形成摩擦音。/是清辅音，声带不振动；/是浊辅音，声带振动。/s/ /z/-/s/z/是s的发音，/z/又是z的发音。舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端齿龈间送出，形成摩擦音。/s/是清辅音，声带不振动；/z/是浊浦音，声带振动。/ /-/是sh的发音，/是s的发音。舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部，舌身抬起靠近上鄂，双唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形成摩擦音。/是清辅音，声带不振动；/是浊辅音，声带振动。/h/-/h/是字母h的发音。声门摩擦辅音。发音时气流送出口腔，在通过声门时发出轻微摩擦；口形随其后的元音而变化。/h/是清辅音，声带不振动。/m/-/m/是m的发音。双唇鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂，双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔送出。/n/-/n/是n的发音。舌尖齿龈鼻辅音。发音时舌尖抵上齿龈，软颚下垂，气流从鼻腔送出。/-/是ng的发音。舌后软颚鼻辅音。发音时软颚下垂，堵住口腔通道，气流从鼻腔送出。声带振动。/w/-/w/是w的发音。舌后软颚半元音。发音时舌后部向软颚抬起，舌位高。双唇收小并向前突出，声带振动。发音短促，立刻滑向其后的元音。/l/-/l/是l的发音。舌端齿龈边辅音。发音时舌尖及舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前向硬颚抬起，气流从舌的旁边送出。当此音为尾音时，将舌端抵住上齿龈，舌前下限，舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形。浊辅音、声带振动。/r/-/r/是r的发音。舌尖齿龈(后部)摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖卷起，靠近上齿龈后部。舌两侧稍收扰。双唇略突出。气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦。浊辅音，声带振动。/j/-/j/传统的国际音标的读音符号该音是国音字母y在词首的读音，是舌前硬颚半元音。发音时舌前部向硬颚尽量抬起，舌位较高，双唇伸展成扁平状。它是个浊辅音，声带振动。/-/是ch的发音，/是dge的发音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。/是清辅音，声带不振动；/是浊辅音，声带振动。/ts/ /dz/传统的国际音标读音符号，新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分别是字母组合ts和ds的读音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，/dz/是浊辅音。/tr/ /dr/传统的国际音标读音符号。新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内。/tr/、/dr/分别是tr、dr的发音。齿龈后部破擦辅音。发音时舌身与/r/相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，/dr/是浊辅音。i:字母组合 ee ea e ie -three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece 发音字母 a-bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall mane字母组合 ea e a-head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any字母组合ir ur ear er or-girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u-teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada a: 字母组合 ar a-car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm发音字母 u o ou oo-up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood字母组合 al or au our ar-small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store author caught autumn four mourn court bought warm quarrel quarter发音字母 o a-hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not want wash watchu:字母组合 oo o u-food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth shoe do two true truth blue full prudeu字母组合 oo ou u o-look good foot book wood should could put full bull pull push woman wolfei发音字母 a ay ea ai ey-name cake late gate plane April play say may way great break rain paint plain they greyai发音字母 i y-bike fine find die nine light night high my try fly eyeau字母组合 ou ow-house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse flower down now cow how town发音字母 o ow oa-home cold go no phone host ghost know low below grow blow show flow boat coat goali字母组合 eer ear-beer deerear near here fierce idea字母组合ear air ere-pear bear chair air fair there where careu字母组合our ower-hour tour flower showert tree two ten ton town twenty cityd door dull desk dose do dog dictionaryk king kite key look cook book kitchen sky g girl good goal goat grade long languagem man make moon morning move come combn pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean uncle bank English think thank junksing king morning l long land lend lord fly flag black world cold could goal soulr read red right run room writef five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife cough laugh rough v very evening even every voice vest ofs six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf z zoo zebra zero zap close nose hose suppose pause those that this those these though sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash nation attention h hot hop home house horse how who w when what where window wind wood j yes year yell you your yolk yellow child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge joy enjoy join July June junk tr tree country try treat track trunk dr dry dream drop drive drink ts students boots boats goats nuts dz goods woods moods hoods 281 元音:1) i: 字母组合:ee ea e iethree tree green sheep meet beef see seek(ee)eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please(ea)he she me(e)piece receive ceiling (ie,ei)2) i 发音字母 i y esit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss myth many twenty happy dictionary defect decide delicious 3) 发音字母 abag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man 4) e 字母组合 ea e ahead bread pleasureelephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yesmany any 5) : 字母组合ir ur ear er orgirl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burgerlearn earn earth heard term her nerd servework worm work world 6) 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e uteacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractordelicious gracious pleasure familiarcollar dollar together tomorrow today shallop lesson Washington control polite around account ago elephant manta banana Canada Japan china men listen famulus Saturday 7) a: 字母组合 ar acar farm card arm gardenfast class last glass plant aunt calm 8) 发音字母 u o ou oo up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup buscome mother dose brother love 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