XX八年级英语下册知识点总结(1-3单元).docx

XX八年级英语下册知识点总结（1-3单元）课件www.5ykUnit1whatsthematter?一、基础知识.whatsthematter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/mætə)/n.问题；事情whatsthematterwithyou?=whatsthetroublewithyou?=whatswrongwithyou?你怎么了？【注】：matter和trouble为名词，其前可加the或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：whatsthematterwithsb.?=whatsyourtrouble?=whatsup?=whathappenstosb.?whatsthematterwithyou?Ihaveabadcold.2.Ihadacold.我感冒了。haveacold=catchacold=havetheflu感冒haveafever发烧haveacough咳嗽haveastomachache胃疼，肚子疼haveatoothache牙疼haveaheadache头疼3.身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachachehead+ache=headachetooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache后背痛4.muchtoo+形容词，意为太.，toomuch+名词，意为很多，大量。5.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。goodenough足够好，enoughmoney=muchmoney6.liedown躺下，lie躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied7.maybe“或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。maybeyouareright.maybe，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。Hemaybeangry.soundlike+名词代词和从句：Itsoundslikeyoudontknowthetruth.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，Themusicsoundsnice.9.need需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；needtodosth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.needdoingsth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.0.getoff下（公交车）geton上车1.agree同意，赞同；agreewithsth.同意某事如：Iagreewiththatidea.agreetosb.同意某人的意见如：IagreetoLiLei.2.trouble问题，麻烦；beintrouble遇到麻烦，maketrouble制造麻烦，havetroubledoingsth.=havedifficultiesdoingsth做.有麻烦。3.rightaway=rightnow=atonce，意为马上。4.advice不可数名词劝告，建议，向征求意见，givesb.adviceonsth.就某事给某人建议；advise动词advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事advisesb.doingsth.【复习】exercise练习、锻炼当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词即可加s当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词即不加s6.hurt及物动词，使疼痛，受伤，Hehurthislegwhileexercising.不及物动词，（部位）疼。Hisleghurtbadly.clean【动词】打扫，cleantheclassroom打扫教室，【形容词】干净的，cleaner意为清洁工。8.hit（用手或器具）打；击打Theboyhitthedogwithastone.hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；hitsb.intheface/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。beusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于、适应了、做某事，强调状态；Hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.get/becomeusedtosth./doingsth.“变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动作：Itsdifficultforonetogetusedtoanothercountryshabit.20.【复习】free形容词空闲的freetime；免费的thedrinkisforfree；自由的Iwanttobecomeafreebird.free【动词】使解脱，得到自由：Hecouldnotfreehisarm.runout用完，用尽whenhiswaterrunout,heknewthathewouldhavetodosomethingtosavehisownlife.物sth.runout.某物用尽了。人sb.runoutofsth.人用尽了某物。Herunoutofallhismoneylastnight.22.risktodosth.冒险去做某事takearisk=takerisks冒险23.theimportanceofsth.（做）某事的重要性westudentsshouldknowtheimportanceofEnglish.importancen.重要（性），importantadj.重要的，unimportantadj.不重要的decision【名词】决定；抉择；makeadecision做决定;makeadecisiontodosth.=decidetodosth.。25.beinthecontrolof掌管，管理Theheadmasterisinthecontrolofthisnewschool.beoutofcontrol无法控制，无法管理beundercontrol被控制住，在控制之中26.【复习】mind意为介意，minddoingsth.介意做某事,wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow?27.giveupsth.放弃（做）某事，giveupcomputergames；giveup后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如:Nevergiveupeasily.二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如：mariaboughtherselfascarf.wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.2.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：Sheisntquiteherselftoday.3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如：SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.4.用在某些固定短语当中。lookafteroneself/takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴，过得愉快helponeselftosth请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurtoneself摔伤自己saytooneself自言自语leavesb.byoneself把某人单独留下buyoneselfsth.给自己买东西introduceoneself介绍自己【提醒】.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）myselfcanfinishmyhomework.Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.2.反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用onesown.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）Imdrawingwithmyselfcrayons.Imdrawingwithmyowncrayons.Unit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks一、基本知识点.sick生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语marycouldnotcomebecausesheissick.也可作定语asickchild【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。marycouldnotcomebecausesheisill.2.cheerup（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来Thegoodnewscheeredupeveryoneinourclass.3.giveout分发；散发，相当于handout，Theteacherisgivingout/handingoutthetestpapers.givesth.outtosb.意为把某物分发给某人。4.volunteer【名词】志愿者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteertodosth.自愿做某事，Thegirlscouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogram.5.usedtodosth.过去/曾经做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.这里曾有一个照相机。Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。6.alone【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩：Themusicianenjoyedlivingaloneandwritingsongshimself.lonely（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。Thelonelyboyisnotlonelynow.7.careforsb./sth.照顾；照料care【名词】小心，关心takecareof=lookafter【动词】careaboutsb./sth.关心，在意某人/事【形容词】careful仔细的/careless粗心的【副词】carefully仔细地8.such“这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词：suchagoodday多么美好的一天/suchanexcitingmatch多么精彩的比赛such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：suchimportantdecisions多么重要的建议suchdeliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名词前被many,much,few,little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：somanysickchildren/solittletime9.tryoutfor参加选拔，争取成为ThirtyfootballplayerstriedoutfortheBestPlayeroftheyear.tryout试用，试验0.journey【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travelaroundtheworld【名词】traveler旅行者1.【复习】bebusywithsth.忙于（做）什么事情bebusydoingsth.忙于（做）什么事情2.【复习】trydoingsth.试着去做某事trytodosth.尽力去做某事tryonesbest尽某人最大的努力去做某事3.【复习】beworriedaboutsb./sth.=worryaboutsb./sth.担心某人、某事4.raisemoney集资，筹钱；raisemoneyfor为筹钱raise【动词】举起；提高；募集5.keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持6.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。makeitpossibletodosth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，youhelpedtomakeitpossibleformetohaveLucky.makeit+形容词todosth.使（某人）做某事成为；think/findit+形容词todosth.8.makeadifferenceto对有影响；对有作用，difference前可以用no,any,some,much等修饰，如Therainmadenodifferencetothegame.Hard-workingmakesmuchdifferencetostudy.9.difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；havedifficultydoingsth.=havetroubledoingsth.做某事有困难20.train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”atraineddog21.beexcitedaboutsth.对某事感到兴奋，Everyoneisexcitedaboutthegoodnews.【复习】excited意为兴奋的，修饰人；exciting意为令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。22.order【名词】命令，指示；顺序，次序【动词】订购；点（菜）followtheorder。23.change【动词】变化，改变Itshardforapersontochangehislife.【名词】变化；零钱changeAforB用A换成B：whenyoutravelinchina,remembertochangeUSdollarsforRmB.repair【动词】修理，修补；fix【动词】安装；使固定【fixup修理=repair】Unit3couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?Peter,couldyoupleasetakeoutthetrash?彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？couldyoupleasedosth?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。could不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./ofcourse./certainly./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry,Icant2、takeout取出（v+adv）【注】:跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边Histeethhurtbadly.Thedentisttakethemout.【短语】takeoutthetrash倒垃圾takeawalk散步takeaway拿走，取走takeback收回takeplace发生takeoff脱下；起飞3.canyoudothedishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？dothedishes洗碗【结构1】dothe+名词：dothedishes/laundry洗餐具/衣服【结构2】dothe+动词-ingdothecleaning打扫卫生【结构3】doones+名词dooneshousework/homework做家务/家庭作业【结构4】dosome+动词-ingdosomereading/shopping读写书/购物couldIatleastfinishwatchingthisshow?至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？】couldIdoasth?我可以做.吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。couldIgooutwithmyclassmatethisweekend?2】atleast至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。atmost至少，不超过Nowallofusexerciseatleastanhouradayandoutsideschool.3】finishv结束；完成finishdoingsth做完某事canyoufinish_reading_thesebooksbefore10oclock?yes,Ican.5、IthinktwohoursofTVisenoughforyou!我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。】twohoursofTV表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Howtimeisflies!Threeyears_is_reallyashorttime.足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）【解析2】enoughIdonthaveenoughmoneywithme.足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）Theriverisdeepenoughforswimming.【记】mr.Smithhasenoughmoney,butheisntkindenoughtohelpothers.【注意】enough修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。6、couldyoutakeouttherubbish,foldtheclothesanddothedishes?你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好，再把碗洗了吗？【解析】takeout拿出；取出take的用法：Pleasetakesomebookstotheclassroom.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.takeTheyusuallytakethebustowork.Ittakesmetwohourstodomyhomeworkeveryday.【拓展】take构成的短语：takeawalk去散步takearest休息takecareof照顾takeoff脱下；起飞takeup占据takedown拿下takeonestime不急；慢慢来takeonestemperature量体温7.TheminuteIsatdowninfrontoftheTV,mymomcameover.我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。【解析1】theminute=assoonas“一.就.”Pleasewritetometheminuteyougetthere.【解析2】infrontof指在物体外部的前面Thereisabikeinfrontoftheclassroom.【辨析】指在物体内部的前面ourteacherisstandinginthefrontoftheclassroom【记】Thedriversat_inthefrontof_thecar.Thepolicemanstood_infrontof_thecar.【注意】有the无the区别大：attable吃饭；进餐inhospital住院atthetabel在桌边inthehospital在医院（不一定看病）【解析3】comeover过来【拓展】come短语：comeacross（偶然）发现comeback回来comeupwith想出cometrue实现comedown下来comefrom=befrom来自,出生于comein/into进入,进来comeon赶快,加油comealong走吧,过来,快点comeandgo来来去去comeup上来comeout出来，开，冲洗出来7.youwatchTVallthetimeandneverhelpoutaroundthehouse!你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！allthetime=always一直；总是8.Imjustastiredasyouare!我和你一样累！【解析】as.as.和.一样.9.Foroneweek,shedidnotdoanyhouseworkandneitherdidI.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不”neither两者都不neithernor既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定NeitherTomnorjimisastudent表达“也不”则用“Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主”Thefirstonewasntbad.Neitherwasthesecond.0.Thenextday,mymomcamehomefromworktofindthehousecleanandtidy.第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find+宾语+宾语补足语【注】findfoundfoundv寻找findsb.doingsth发现某人做某事findit+adj.+todosth发现做某事很finditdifficult/hardtodosth发现做某事很困难Shefound_it_hardtofinishtheworkbyherself.1.Sheaskedinsurprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】insurprise惊奇地；吃惊地surprisev使吃惊surprisingadj.令人吃惊的surprisedadj.吃惊的toonessurprise使某人吃惊的是insurprise吃惊地besurprisedat对感到吃惊Tomysurprise_人做主语，sb.needtodosth某人需要做某事物做主语，sthneeddoingsth=sthneedtobedoneStudentsneed_tohave_agoodrestinstudying.Thewatchneeds_mending_.用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词neednt=donthaveto没有必要need,must引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needntmustIgotherenow?yes，youmust/No,youneednt【解析2】share分享；共用sharesth分享或共用某物sharesthwithsb.与某人分享某物borrow借入,与from连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】borrowsthfromsb.从某人那里借某物youcanborrowthebookfromthelibrary.lend借出,与to搭配【指借出去】lendsbsth=lendsthtosb把某物借给某人Hedoesntwanttolendhisbooktoothers.keep保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】Iwantto_borrow_abikefrommyfriendbuthedidnt_lend_ittome,becauseTomhad_kept_itfortwodays.6.IcutmyfingerandImtryingnottogetitwet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【解析】trytodosth努力（不）做某事。tryv试图，设法，努力【拓展】tryon试穿trytodosth努力做某事【侧重尽力做】trydoingsth试图做某事【侧重尝试做】tryonesbesttodosth=doonesbesttodosth尽某人最大努力做某事7.Ihatetodochores.我讨厌做家务。hatetodosth讨厌做某事,表示某次具体行为或动作。Ihatetotroublehim.hatedoingsth不愿意做某事表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。Shehatessmokinginherroom.8.couldIaskyoutohelpmewithsomechoresthen?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】asksb.todosth要求某人做某事。askfor请求，要某物asksb.aboutsth向某人询问关于某事asksb.forhelp向某人请求帮助asksb.todosth请求某人做某事ask构成的短语：短语含义asksb.todosth请某人做某事asksb.nottodosth不让某人做某事asksbforsth向某人要某物askforhelp寻求帮助9.Illfinishmyhomeworkwhileyouhelpmewiththedishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解析1】finishdoingsth完成某事canyoufinish_reading_thesebooksbefore10oclock?yes,Ican.【解析2】whileconj.“在期间；当的时候”while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。_while_thechildrenhavefun,parentscantakedancelessonsonthebeach.【解析3】helpsb.withsth.在某事上帮助某人。【注】helpv帮助helpfuladj.有帮助的helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事withthehelpofsb.=withoneshelp在某人的帮助之下withoutthehelpof没有在的帮助之下Ithinkreadingisvery_helpful_._without_yourhelp,wecouldntcatchthethief.20.couldIinvitemyfriendstoaparty?我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invitesb.toSp.邀请某人去某地【解析】invitevinvitationn邀请invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事invitesb.to+地点邀请某人去某地21.Idontunderstandwhysomeparentsmaketheirkidshelpwithhouseworkandchoresathome.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】makesb.dosth让某人做某事makemademadev.做，制作，使得makesb/sth+形容词“让某人或某物”makeyouhappymakesb/sthdosth使某人做某事makemelaugh.colorscanchangeourmoodsandmakeus_feel_happyorsad,energeticorsleep.22.Theydonthavetimetostudyanddohousework，too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】havetimetodosth.有时间做某事havetime=befree有空23.Houseworkisawasteoftheirtime.做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【解析】awasteof浪费awasteoftime浪费时间awasteofmoney浪费金钱wastev“浪费”wastetime/moneyonsthwastetime/moneydoingsth在做某事上花费时间/金钱Dont_waste_water.cantyouseethesign“savewater”?24.Theyshouldspendtheirtimeonschoolworkinordertogetgoodgradesandgetintoagooduniversity.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。【解析1】spend.onsth在某事上花费.spend/pay/cost/take花费spendspentspentv花费,主语是人sb.+spend+时间/钱+onsthsb.+spend+时间/钱+（in）doingsthspendon=payfor支付Hespendstoomuchtimeonthecomputergames.Remembertospendsometime_with_yourlovedones,becausetheyrenotgoingtobearoundforever.myfather_spent_onehundredthousandyuanonhisnewcar.paypaidpaidv支付，主语是人sb.+pay+钱+forsthIpay10yuanforthebook.Howmuchdidyou_pay_forthiscomputer?Fivehundreddollars.costcostcostv花费，主语是某物或某事sthcostsb.+钱某物花费某人多少钱Anewcomputercostsmealotofmoney.Iboughtanewsweaterlastweekend.It_cost_me120yuan.taketooktakenv花费Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间Ittakeshim3hourstodohishomework.【解析2】inorderto“目的是；为了”后接动词原形。inordertodosth为了做某事Heranquicklyinordernot_tobe_lateforthemeeting.【解析3】getinto=enter进入【拓展】与get相关的短语：getup起床getback返回getover克服getdressed穿衣getinto进入get/belost丢失getoff/on下/上车getonwellwithsb.与某人相处得好getoutof从出来getwarm变暧getreadyfor+n.为做准备getreadytodosth.准备做某事getwell康复getachance有机会、得到机会get/gotosleep入睡相关：25.Also,whentheygetolder,theywillhavetodohousrworksotheresnoneedforthemtodoitnow.而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。【解析】getolder长大get/become/go辨析