资源描述
演练方阵
第4讲The United Kingdom (B)
基础巩固
一、根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. __________ (vt.) 完成；达到；实现
2. ________ (n.) 矛盾；冲突
3. _____ (prep.) 加上；和
4. _____ (vt.) 使激动；使胆战心惊
5. ______ (vi. & vt.) 联合；团结→ _______ (adj.) 团结的；联合的→
______ (n.) 联合；联盟；结合；协会
6. ______ (adj.) 粗糙的；粗暴的→________ (adv.) 粗略地；粗糙地
7. _________ (adj.) 配备好装备的；带家具的→ _______ (vt.) 装备；（用家
具等）布置（房间、公寓）；提供
二、短语互译
1. ___________ 省去；遗漏；不考虑
2. _________________ 代替
3. _________ 谈到，说到；参考；涉及
4. _____________ 把……列出清单
5 ___________ 展览
6. consist of ________________
7. divide ... into ________________
8. break away (from) ________________
9. in memory of ________________
10.（机器）损坏；破坏 ________________
11. 在特殊场合 ________________
12. 对……感到骄傲 ________________
13. instead of _______________
三、选择第二题的短语完成句子
1. He sent his secretary ________________ coming himself.
2. They named the school after the hero ________________him.
3. Glass can ________________ steel in many ways in life.
4. Jack was careful not to ________________ the woman by name in his speech.
5. These are just some of the exciting works of art ________________ in Britain today.
6. Her breakfast usually ________________ dry bread and a cup of milk.
7. What can we do to help them ________________ the difficult situation?
8. He lost his way. To make matters worse, his car________________.
9. You’ve ________________ a zero in this phone number. How careless you are!
能力提升
一、根据英文释义写出单词
1. ________ n. a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a group
or organization such as police, the army, etc.
2. ____________n. a statement about what someone or something is like
3. ________adj. like one another; similar
4. ____________n. the fact that something might exist or happen, but it is not
certain to
5. ___________n. the activity of travelling around a place to see the interesting
things in it
6. ________v. to bend something especially paper so that one part lies on top of
another part
7. ________adj. magnificent; very fine
二、用本单元所学单词适当形式完成句子
1. We are ________（感到激动）to hear the wonderful piece of news that the
people living on the mainland can fly directly to Taiwan.
2. The second Children's Palace of Guangzhou sits in a ________（极好的）
location by the side of Pearl River.
3. I hope that what I say will ________（澄清）the situation.
4. The Tower of London is a great ________（吸引）to tourists.
5. We have ___________（完成）all we set out to do.
6. What he wrote isn’t ________（一致）with what he told us.
7. He ________（整理）the books on the shelf.
8. Travelling is my chief ________（乐事）.
三、完形填空
Twenty years ago, Mark Thatcher, the son of Mrs Thatcher, was reported missing in the Sahara Desert while competing in the Grand Prix Motor race from Paris to Daker. This sad news, so unexpected shook the unusually calm and 1 politician off her balance. Though she did her best to 2 as if nothing had happened and made her public appearance as usual. People could not fail to notice that she was no longer the old self-assured prime minister who always had everything under 3. Instead she had become a very sad mother who was unable to 4 from her shock.
One day when she was to 5 at a lunch party, a reporter caught her off her guard by bringing up the 6 of her missing son again. She was totally mentally 7 for the question and lost her 8. Tears were rolling down her cheeks 9 she sobbingly told the reporter there was still no news of Mark and that she was very worried about him. She said that all the countries concerned had 10 to do their best to help her find her son. With that she 11 down completely and sobbed silently for quite a while. Gradually she 12 down and started to speak as planned. It was a very 13 scene which exposed a new side of Mrs Thatcher’s 14 the public do not usually see, so people began to 15 about the Iron Woman’s motherly love, a 16 that is common to all human race.
Later Mark returned safe and sound to his mother’s 17, good-humored and all smiles as usual 18 nothing unusual had 19 happened. The Iron Woman, however, broke down again and was 20 sobbing for the second time.[来源:学§科§网Z§X
1. A. unhappy B. unsuccessful C. unhurried D. unhealthy
2. A. seem B. look C. act D. pretend
3. A. construction B. control C.difficulties D.pressure
4. A. learn B. separate C. reduce D. recover
5. A. arrive B. eat C. speak D. call
6. A. subject B. object C. argument D. report
7. A. ready B. unprepared C. famous D. anxious
8. A. life B. son C. belief D.self-control [来9. A. because B. that C. thus D. as
10. A. permitted B. admitted C. promised D. managed
11. A. fell B. wrote C. broke D. brought
12. A. sat B. calmed C. turned D. handed
13. A. moving B. merry C. funny D. serious
14. A. thought B. action C. position D. character
15. A. worry B. think C. set D. talk
16. A. habit B. hobby C. feeling D. thought
17. A. office B. attention C. side D. home
18. A. as if B. as C. so that D. though
19. A. never B. ever C. yet D. already
20. A. made B. heard C. felt D. seen
四、阅读理解
A
Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels（血管）, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better. As she says, “while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. Even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a scientist, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to set up a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.
Older people can develop their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main aim is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. How exercise makes people strong.
B. How to get good scores on a test.
C. How exercise helps the brain.
D. How the brain can change.
2. According to the passage, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?
A. Exercise helps make our blood vessels.
B. Physical exercise helps us think better.
C. The brain needs special mental exercise.
D. The more exercise, the bigger the brain.
3. The smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is _____.
A. three hours per week B. 40 hours per week
C. three hours per day D. 40 hours per month
4. Why is yoga suggested for seniors?
A. It does good to the joints of old people.
B. It does not increase the heart rate.
C. It includes learning new actions.
D. It can be done in groups.
B
Recognized as the largest desert in the world, the Sahara Desert runs across North Africa, covering over 3 million square miles from the Atlantic Coast to the Nile River Valley. Except for an occasional oasis, this vast land is mainly made up of sand, stones, and worn out mountains. The burning sun causes daytime temperatures to rise to nearly 70 degrees in the shade, and days without rain commonly last for years.
Paintings found on the walls of caves in the Sahara Desert suggest that a few thousand years ago, large quantities of plants grew there and covered the desert floor. Many curious and unusual insects, birds and animals got enough food that allowed them to grow and reproduce. At that time, huge river systems and many oases supported growing communities where a large number of people lived.
Research scientists believe that the land became a desert for several reasons. For centuries people there have wandered from place to place in search of food, water, and grazing（吃草）land for their animals. These people have always considered the number of animals they have as a sign of wealth. It is considered more important to have 100 sick and starving animals than 15 healthy ones. The large herds（群）have been allowed to go freely and graze on desert plants and grass. Over time, large sections of land have been left uncovered. In addition to allowing overgrazing, these people cut down whatever trees they could find and used them for firewood. The sand was unable to hold on to the great heat of the day, so nighttime temperatures often drop below freezing and nothing was left to hold the soil together.
Scientists have been studying different ways to bring back the green desert. Through research and experiments, they hope to be able to produce plants that will once again support the life there. Huge holes filled with much water lie under the desert surface. Scientists believe this rainwater simply flew down through the sand over hundreds of years and collected in the big, rocky holding tanks. By making use of the sun’s power, scientists in the Sahara have made experiments in which they got huge amount of electricity. This electricity was then used to operate drilling machines and pumps to pull the rainwater from the underground tanks. By drilling the hole one mile deep into the floor of the desert, one machine was able to recover more than 80 gallons of ice-cold water each second, or 288,000 gallons per hour.
Scientists have had some success turning this wasteland into useful farmland. Today the desert is dotted with huge wheat fields watered by a system of pipes that carry water from the underground tanks. Farmers have also learnt that plants grow better if seeds are planted next to stones. Studies show that stones provide protection from the sun, allowing seeds to grow in a shady and cool environment. In addition to that, greenhouses have been built to protect plants from the sunshine so that less water is needed. Another idea is to grow plants that can live on a diet of salt water, since the ocean is so near to the desert.
1. What will probably happen if the local people continue their customs and traditions?
A. The desert will continue to be enlarged.
B. Tourists will begin traveling to North Africa.
C. More oases will begin to appear across the desert.
D. The number of healthy animals will become larger.
2. Which of the following statements is a fact presented in the passage?
A. The desert is rich in beautiful color and scenery.
B. Camels can go for days without drinking any water.
C. The Sahara will one day become a beautiful garden.
D. Large river systems once supported many communities.
3. The author of the passage provides evidence that scientists are _____.
A. pleased by the progress but do not have the money to continue
B. discouraged by the poor results of their experiments
C. hopeful about the chances of life coming back to the desert
D. troubled by the lack of water found underground
4. Which of the following is the best summary of this passage?
A. Drilling machines help to water the desert floor and make plants and animals alive.
B. Scientists have been able to turn this large wasteland into a successful farming community.
C. So much soil has become sand that the desert will never be able to support life as it once did.
D. The desert no longer supports plenty of life, but researchers hope to change it with new scientific techniques.
五、书面表达
A
假设你有美国朋友来深圳参观，请你写一篇短文简要介绍深圳。
写作内容
地理位置
中国南部，南海之滨，毗邻香港
气 候
温和，亚热带海洋性气候，雨量充沛，阳光充足
居民特点
自从南宋就有移民移居深圳，建市以后数量剧增
面 积
总面积近两千平方公里，盛产荔枝等
其 他
深圳高楼林立，干净整洁，高科技产品世界闻名
写作要求
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
参考词汇：毗邻 be adjacent to; 亚热带海洋性气候 subtropical marine climate; 移民 migrant; 荔枝 litchi
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B
你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇介绍美国加利福尼亚州的文章。
【写作内容】
地理方面
面积42.4万平方千米，美国西部，西濒太平洋，美国面积第三大的州
人口方面
约38,000,000人；
据说15 000前印第安人首先进入；16世纪欧洲人开始进入；19世纪中世界各地的人带着发财梦进入；未来将还会有人因喜爱加州的气候和生活方式进入。
语言方面
58% 的人把英语作为母语来讲，42%的人讲其他语言。
加利福尼亚州：California; 太平洋：the Pacific; 印第安人：Indians
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C
根据以下表格完成写作
国别
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
首都
伦敦(别称：雾都)
地理位置
欧洲西北部面临大西洋
人口
约1.61亿
面积
24.482万平方千米
气候
冬温夏凉，整年雨量充足
国情
1. 由英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰、北爱尔兰组成；
2. 历史悠久，景点很多，如大本钟、伦敦塔和格林威治等；
3. 世界工业化(industrialize)最早的国家之一，对人类工业化(human industrialization)做出了贡献。
【写作要求】
只能用5个句子表达全部内容。
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