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不可数名词归纳
四川省武胜县乐善中学 符小林
A. Abstract 抽象名词
advice 建议
age 年老
beauty 美丽
capitalism 资本主义
communism 共产主义
democracy 民主
energy 能源
fun 乐趣
happiness 幸福
help 帮助
honesty 诚实
information 信息
justice 正义
kindness 善良
knowledge 知识
laughter 笑声
liberty 自由
life 生命、生物、活力
play 玩
recreation 娱乐
strength 实力
trouble 麻烦
truth 真理
virtue 美德
wisdom 智慧
work 工作
youth 青年
B. Matter, material 物质名词
air 空气
beer 啤酒
blood 血液
bread 面包
butter 黄油
cake 蛋糕
chalk 粉笔
cheese 奶酪
coal 煤
coffee 咖啡
electricity 电力
fog 雾
fish 鱼
gold 黄金
grass 草
hair 头发
ice 冰
ink 油墨
iron 铁
juice 果汁
lumber 木材
meat 肉
milk 牛奶
oil 油
oxygen 氧气
paper 纸
rain 雨
rice 水稻
smoke 烟雾
snow 雪
soap 肥皂
soup 汤
sugar 糖
tea 茶
water 水
wine 葡萄酒
wood 木
C. Generic terms 属类
business 商业
change 零钱
equipment 设备
fruit 水果
furniture 家具
jewelry 珠宝
luggage 行李
machinery 机械
mail 邮件
money 金钱
news 新闻
propaganda 宣传
scenery 风景
slang 俚语
stationery 文具
traffic 交通
vegetation 植被
weather 天气
D. Subject 学科
biology 生物
architecture 建筑
art 艺术
chemistry 化学
economics 经济学
engineering 工程
English 英语
geology 地质学
grammar 语法
history 历史
literature 文学
mathematics 数学
music 音乐
philosophy 哲学
physics 物理学
science 科学
technology 技术
vocabulary 词汇
poetry 诗歌
最常见的不可数名词有:(请把意思写出来)
advice, baggage, change, furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, poetry, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work
(二)不可数名词的转化
有些名词的可数与不可数可以相互转化,但词义也同时发生变化,如:
1.表示不同的种类,如food, wine, metal, wheat, rice等。
或者表示量很大,远远超过该词原来表示的程度或次数。
这一类词常见的有:sands(沙滩,沙漠);waters(水域);rains(大阵雨、雨季);winds(大风);times(时代);woods(森林);ruins(废墟);rags(碎片、破衣服);ashes (灰烬、骨灰)。
(1). The children are playing on the sands. 孩子们在沙滩上玩。
(2). Song writers are no longer writing about the modern values of the USA. (各种价值观)
(3). New businesses will be started in the city. ( businesses:各种商业。)
(4). History is full of other examples of successful people with disabilities. (各种不同的残疾)
(5). Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. (各种不同之处)
(6). Take turns to offer each other the foods in part 2. (各种不同的食物。)
(7). Thoughts rushed through his head . (各种想法)
(8). He began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics .
(各种各样的学习和发现)
(8). China Daily has plenty of advertisements, which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper. (各种成本)
2.抽象的不可数名词具体化,含义发生了变化,表示一个或多个“……的人或事物”,这种表达法使语言显得更加简洁生动。例如:
(1),、There would have been many more deaths. ( 死亡的人)
(2)、 Here are some advice for dealing with common injuries . (受伤的地方、伤口)
(3)、The concert that John Denver organized was a great success.(成功的事)
difficulty(困难)――difficulties(难题、难事);
worry (烦恼)――worries(令人烦恼的事);
pity(同情,可惜)---a pity(可惜的事);
failure(失败)――failures(失败的事,失败的人)等等。
Surprise(惊异、惊讶)—a surprise(一件令人惊讶的事,惊喜之事)
knowledge(知识)——a knowledge(一门---知识)
3.在词组或短语当中,一个抽象的不可数名词往往会变为一个可数名词。
(1)、First I heard a noise. (一阵噪音。)
(2)、 It also keeps a record of the date on which they will travel. (一个记录)
(3),、We will meet tomorrow and make a decision then. (一个决定)
(4)、 What a delicious supper! (一顿丰盛的晚餐)
(5),、The hurricane last night had been a great surprise. (一件让人大为惊讶的事情)
(6)、 They telephone the people and fix a time for a face-to-face interview . (一个时间)
(7)、There is a talk on cancer that might be quite interesting. ( 一
二、可数名词转化为不可数名词的情况
1、 A word,words (单词)——Word came that he died of cancer.(消息、信息)
2、a school 一所学样 go to school 上学
3、a church 一座教堂 be at (或in) church 在做礼拜
4、a prison 一所监狱 be in prison 服刑,坐牢
5、a basketball 一个篮球 play basketball 打篮球
6、a hospital 一家医院 be in hospital 生病住院
7、a room 一间房间 much room 许多空间
其它情况:
water(水) ______waters(海/湖水)
cloth(布)______ clothes(衣服) paper(纸)papers(报纸/文件/试卷/论文)
time(时间)________times(时代/次数/倍)
custom(习惯)_______- customs(海关)。
Experience(经验)_______ an experience(经历)
Mr. Smith _______ a Mr. Smith
Work(工作、作业)______works(作品、著作、工程、工厂)
good_(好处、益处)_____goods(货物)
manner(方式、方法、态度)______manners(礼貌)
regard(认为、注视)_____regards(问候)
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