英语常用词素表.doc

英语常用词素表
一． 常见的前缀
(1)表示数量的前缀
1）semi-(L) hemi (G) 半
semiannually semicolon semi-colonial semi-conductor semimonthly
semiautomatic semi-feudal semifinal semiliterate semiofficial
semiweekly hemisphere semitransparent semi-sphere semi-cycle
2)uni-(L)一 uniform unilateral unanimous一致的 unique union
unison unit unite unity unisex universe university
3)mono-(GK)一
monotonous 单调的 monograph专题论文 monopoly垄断
monologue独白 monorail 单轨 monogamy 一夫一妻制
monosyllable 单音节 monolateral单边 monodrama独角戏
monologist独角戏表演者 monolingual单语的 monochrome 单色
monocrop单一作物 monocultural 文化单一的 monarch君主
monoculture单种栽培 monographer专著作家 monology 独语僻
4)bi-(L)二
bicycle binocular biweekly bimonthly bilateral biplane
binary bilingual bipartisan bicentennial bichrome bigamy bicolor
bicorn bicultural bicyclist biceps二头肌 biconditional bicommunal
5)di(GK)二
dialogue dioxide diode dilemma diphthong dialinguistics(双语学)
6）ambi-(L)二
ambidextrous双手熟练的 ambiguous模棱两可的 ambivalence 矛盾心理
ambiguity歧义 ambilingual双语的 ambisexual两性人
ambisyllable双音节 ambitendency矛盾心理 ambivert中间性格
ambiversion中间性格 ambisonics高保真度立体声复制
7) amphi (GK) 二
amphibian两栖 amphichromatic双色的 amphibology(语言模棱两可)
8）tri (GK,L)三
triangle trigonometry tripod trilogy triode triple tricycle
9)deci-(L) 十分之一
decimeter deciliter decibel decimal decigram
10)deca-(GK),十 decade decameron decagon decimeter
11)centi-(L)百分之一 centigrade cent century centennial centipede
12)kilo-(GK) 千 kilometer kilogram kilowatt kilocycle
13) milli-(L)千 millimeter milligram millennium
14) myria(GK) 万 myriameter myriorama myriad
15)mega(GK)百万 megacycle megaphone megaton
16)micro-(GK)百万分之一
micro-organism micro-wave microwave micro-film
micro-print micro-climate micro-balance micro-switch
micro-surgery micro-book micro-world micro-particle
micro-crack micro-file micro-crobe micro-explosion
micro-earthquake micro-electronics micro-phone micro-scope
micro-chemistry microwave microcode microcomputer
17)multi-(L) 多
multiple choice multi-national multitude multiply
multi-purpose multiracial multilateral multi-polar
multi-molecular multi-channel multiform multi-head
multi-centric multi-role multiparty multiple
multiple store multiprobe multitasking multiversity
18)poly-(GK)多
polytechnical polyclinic polygamy polycentric
polymer Polynesia polysemy polysyllable
polygon polypoly polyandry polycentrist
19)mini-(L)小
minibus minicrystal minicoat miniboom
minicomputer miniwatergate minisummit minicam
minicab ministate minipark minitrain
miniwar minitype minigun minicar
miniskirt minicrisis minikin minimal
miniature minify minimize minimum
minister minipants minor minority
minus minute
20) maxi-(L) 大
maxicoat maxiskirt maxiorder maximum
maxishorts maximize maximal maximazation

(2) 表示否定的前缀
1）a-(变体为an,用在元音之前)（GK）表示缺乏某种性质。
apathetic aseptic athermal asexual atypical
anaemia anarchy amorphous avitaminous amoral
2)anti- (变体为 ant-,用在元音及辅音h 之前)（ GK）表示‘反对，反面’等意思。
the Anti-Japanese War antibiotics antibody
anticancer antipathy Antarctic antiaircraft gun
3)contra (L) 表示“相反，反对”。
contrast contrary contradict contraceptive
4) counter (L) 表示“相反”
counterpart counter-revolutionary counteraction counterclaim
counterattack counterclockwise countercharge counterculture
counterevidence counterexample counterembargo countercase
5)de(L) 表示“相反”和“去除”等意思。
decolor decomposition demilitarize demagnetize
demobilize deform destruction decapitate
decentralize deescalate demystify detach
depenalize depollute debureaucritize deration
defame de-oil decode defuse defrost debug
6)dis-(L)表示“否定或相反”的意思。
disable disadvantage disagree disappear disappoint
disarm disaster discard discharge discontinue
discomfort discount discourage discover disorder
disease dishonorable dissatisfaction disproof dissuade

7)in-(变体为ig,il,im,ir,)表示否定意义。
inaccessible inaccurate inadequate incapable incompatible
incredible indefinite indispensable ineffective inevitable
inexpensive infinite innocent innumerable inorganic
insignificant instability insufficient invariably invisible
ignoble ignorance illegal illogical illiterate
immoral impatient imperfect improper impurity
irregular irresponsible irrespective irreversible
8)mal-含有“坏，不当”的意思。
maltreat malnutrition malediction malformation
malefactor maladministration malpractice malfunction
9)mis-(OE) 表示错误或否定的意思。
misdeed misfire misfortune misguided mislead misspell
misprint misuse mistrust mistake mispronounce
misrepresent misunderstand
10)non-(L) 表示否定的意思。
nonconformist noninterference nonsense non-smoker
nonviolence non-stop flight non-achiever non-addict
non-color non-book(非书)
11）un(OE) 表示“否定，相反”的意思。
uncertain unconscious undesirable unemployment
unfair unfit unfortunately unheard-of
unload unlock unbend undo
unsuitable unfasten untie undress

(3) 表示空间和时间的前缀
1） ab-表示“脱离，分离”(away,off,from,apart)
abnormal absent abuse absorb abstract
2) ad-,意思是‘朝向，附近，增减为(to,towards,at ,near,into )。’
变体为(ac-,af-,al-,an,ap,as,at,)。
adapt address adequate adhere adjacent
adjective adjoin admire adopt admission
adventure advertise advocate accent accelerate
access accommodate accompany accomplish accord
account accumulate accuse accustom acquisition
acquaint acquire affect affirm afford
aggravate aggressive allege alleviate allot
announce annul ally appendix appetite
applaud appliance appoint appreciate approach
approve approximate arrange array arrest
arrow assemble assess assign attain associate
assist assume assure attach attract attribute
3)amb-(GK)意思是“周围”（around,about）.
ambient ambition ambush
4)ante-(L)表示‘在前面或早于’。
anteroom antecedent antedate
5)by-(OE)表示“副”，“次要的”。
byend bylaw bypass bypath byproduct byroad bywork
6)circum-(L) 表示‘周围，环绕’
circuit circulate circumstance circumlocution circus
encircle circular circumference circumcircle circle
circumnavigation cycle bicycle encyclopedia
7)de-(L) 表示‘向下，离开’。
decay decline degradation depend deposit depress
depart deviate department deficiency default deflect descend
8)dia-(GK)表示“通过”（through, between）。
diagnose diagram dialogue diameter
9)dis-(变体为di)(L)表示“分离，离去”。
dismiss displace dispel dissipate dissolve distribute
dimension diverse divorce distinguish distillation
10)ex-(变体为e,ee,ef,)(GK,L)表示“外面或向外”.
exceed exceedingly excellent except exception excess
exclaim exhaust exhibit exhibition exit exact
emit emigrate exotic exodus expand expenditure
explain explicit explode export expose exposition
extend extensive exterior external extract
有时这个词缀表示‘前任’。
ex-president ex-husband ex-serviceman ex-mayor ex-convict
11)extra-(L) 表示“外面和通过 ”。
extra extraordinary extravagant
12)fore-(OE) 表示时间或空间上的前面。
forearm foreleg forefront foresee forecast foregoing
foreground forewarn forehead foretell foreword
13)in-(变体为il, im, ir) , 表示“内部，向内”。(in,into,upon)
include income incorporate induce ingredient inherent
inject inland inlet input insert insight
inspire intake invade invest investigate imprison
involve inward illuminate immigrate impact implement
import impression
14)inter-表示“相互，之间”。
interact interchange intercourse interconnect intermediate
international interplanetary interpret interrupt interdepend
intervene interview interpersonal interfere interbehaviorism
15)out-(OE),表示“外面，向外和超过”。
outbreak outcome outdoor outlet outline outlook
output outnumber out-patient outsider outstanding
16)over-(OE)表示‘在上面，超越，过分’。
overact overall overburden overcharge overcoat overcome
overcritical overflow overestimate overhang overhead overlap
overload overlook overnight overseas overtake overwhelm
17)per-(L)表示“穿过，完全”。
perceive perfect perform performance persist persuade pervade
18)post-(L) 表示时间或空间上的后面。
postscript postwar postpone postgraduate post-modernism posthumous
19)pre-(L),表示时间或空间上的前面。
precaution precede preceding unprecedented predecessor predict
predominant preface prefer pre-election prehistoric preheat
preliminary prelude prepare preposition prerequisite prescribe
preserve president presume pretend prevent previous
20)pro-(GK) 表示表示时间，空间或顺 上的“前面”。
procedure proceed process procession proclaim produce
profession profile profit program progress project
prominent promise promote pronounce propel propose
proposition prospect protest provide provision
21)re-(L)表示“返回”，“还原 ”“反对”和“相互”的意思。
recall receipt reconcile recover reflect renew
release repair replaceresign resource restore
reverse review rebel reclaim reject reluctant
repel resent resist restrain restrict revolt
reset response revenge remote remove retire
redouble refine remark research respect resolve
22)sub--(L) ( 变体为 suc, suf ,sug,sup sus)，意思是‘在…下面’，
引申义有“亚”“副”“次”“分”“再”等。
sub-committee sub-conscious sub-delegate sub-tropical sub--band
sub-title sub-way sub-system sub-topic sub-space
substandard sub-normal sub-mersion sub-mission subminiature
sub-man sub-sample sub-sale sub-mark subdivide subject
submarine subordinate sub-program subscribe substance
substitute suburb subsoil sub-water subtract
succeed sufficient suggest support supply
suppress suspend suspect sustain
23)super-(L) (变体为 sur-,sup-) 意思是“ ”在。。。上面，超过(on top,above)“
superficial superior superiority superman supermarket superpower
supersonic
superstructure superface surplus survive supreme
24)tele-(GK) 表示“远”。
telegram telegraph telephone telescope telelecture
telemarketing television telecommunications(telecom) telephoto
teleoperator teleplay telesat telescript telewriter
telerecord telex telecamera teleconfernecetelefilm
teleclass telecourse teleport teleprinter teleprocessing
telethon telework
25)trans-(L) 表示“横过 ，越过(across)”。
transaction transfer transform transcontinental transient
transistor translate transmit transparent transport
transgene transcentury transplant
26)ultra-(L)表示“在。。。之外(beyond)”
ultrahigh超高 ultra-left ultra-right ultraviolet紫外线 ultrasonic超声波
27)under (OE)表示“低于，不足”
underdeveloped underestimate undergraduate underground underprivileged
underline underlying underloaded underinvestment underlet
undermine underpaid underpass underpayment underworld
underneath undertake undertone undertime underwrite
(4)表示程度的前缀page37-38
1） extra-(L) 表示“超过的”
extra extraordinary exrtraterritorial external extramural extranuclear extravagant

2)out (OE) 表示“超过的”意思
outweigh outnumber outbid outdo outeat outfly outgeneral outgrow outrank
3)over(OE)表示“过分，太”
overcharge overcareful overact overbuild overburden overdo overcritical
overdose overestimate overpopulated overwork overcaution
4)quasi-(L)表示“类似的 ，准”。
quasihistorical quasicholera quasiofficial
quasisovereign quasiconductor quasi contract
5)under-(OE)表示‘低于，不足’。
undercharge underdeveloped undersized understaffed underexposure

（5）表示特殊意义的前缀
1） auto-((GK)表示“自身、自己、自动“的意思。
automobile automation autobiography autosuggestion autonomy （自治）
autocracy autogamy autograph autothermic autotransformer
2) con-(L) “一起，共同”（变体有con,com cor）page39---page 41
conceal concentrate concern conclude concrete concurrent
condense conduct confess conference confidence confirm
conflict conform confront confuse congratulate congress
conquer consent consequence comprehensive
conserve constitute consult consume contact context contest
contract contribution conve