资源描述
[语法初识]
原句感知
自主探究
①There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
②It was a scientist called Charles Keeling, who made accurate measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.
③They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
④It was during the 20th century that the temperature of the earth went up about one degree Fahrenheit.
这些句子都是强调句，句中的黑体词部分标出了句中的强调句结构，即：it is/was＋ 被强调部分＋that/who ...。句首词用it；be动词总是用单数形式，即is或was；连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，强调连接词也可用who。
[语法剖析]
语法点一
强调句型的基本结构
强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was ＋ 被强调部分＋ that/who ＋ 其他剩余部分。
It was John who/that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace.
是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。(强调主语)
It was an old bike that John bought yesterday in a marketplace.
昨天约翰在市场上买的是辆旧自行车。(强调宾语)
It was yesterday that John bought an old bike in a marketplace.
约翰是昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。(强调时间状语)
It was in a marketplace that John bought an old bike yesterday.
昨天约翰是在市场上买了辆旧自行车。(强调地点状语)
It is only when you have your own children that you realize the troubles of parenthood.
只有当你有了自己的孩子，才能真切地了解到为人父母的辛苦。(强调时间状语从句)
[点津](1)强调句可以强调主语、宾语和状语，但不能强调谓语，强调谓语动词要用“do/does/did＋动词原形”。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，务必要小心啊！
(2)当被强调部分是人时，可用that/who，其他情况都用that。
(3)强调时间、地点、原因时不能用when, where, why，只能用that。
即时演练1
同义句改写 (用强调句型改写下列句子)
①Tom met your sister in the zoo yesterday.(强调主语)
→It was Tom that/who met your sister in the zoo yesterday.
②He came across his friend in the park yesterday. (强调地点状语)
→It was in the park that he came across his friend yesterday.
③They could not cross the river because the water had risen. (强调原因状语从句)
→It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river.
④He finished his homework yesterday. (强调谓语)
→He did finish his homework yesterday.
语法点二
强调句型的疑问形式
1．一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
Was it Li Ping that/who he met yesterday?
他昨天遇到的人是李平吗？
Was it last year that you got the degree?
你是在去年获得学位的吗？
2．特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？
Where was it that you met Tom yesterday?
昨天你是在哪儿遇见汤姆的？
Who was it that came up with the bright idea?
究竟是谁提出了好的主意？
[点津] 强调句型也可用于宾语从句中，但注意语序要用陈述句语序：动词＋特殊疑问词＋it is/was＋that＋其他。
I wonder why it was that he gave up his wellpaid job.
我不知道他为什么放弃他的高薪工作。
即时演练2
完成句子
①I've already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.
我已经忘了你到底把字典放到哪里了。
②When and where was it that you got to know Mary?
究竟在何时何地你认识的玛丽？
③Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?
他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？
④How long was it that you last saw her?
你上一次看见她是多久的事了？
语法点三
not ... until句型强调句式
基本句式为：It is/was not until ... ＋that＋句子其他部分。
He didn't go to bed until/till his wife came back.
→It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
直到妻子回来他才睡觉。
[点津] 强调句型中只能用until，不能用till。但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用。且强调句型It is/was not until ...已经是否定句了，所以that后面的句子的谓语要用肯定形式。
即时演练3
对黑体部分进行强调
①I didn't realize she was Chinese until she spoke.
→It was not until she spoke that I realized she was Chinese.
②They will not leave there until they finish the project.
→It is not until they finish the project that they will leave.
语法点四
使用强调句型的几个注意事项
1．若被强调成分是主语，who/that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与被强调的主语保持一致。
It is he who/that often helps me with my English.
是他经常帮我学英语。
2．若被强调成分是作主语的代词，用主格；若是作宾语的代词，则用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday.
昨天帮我的人是他。
It was me that he helped yesterday.
他昨天帮的人是我。
3．强调句中只用两种时态，即一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ... that/who ...，其余的时态用It is ... that/who ...。
It is you who/that are to blame.
是你该受到指责。
It was chairman of the committee that we elected her.
我们选她当委员会主席。
4．强调句型的省略形式
句式特征为： 在一定的上下文中，强调句型的某个部分可以省略，解题时要特别注意将其复原并加以比较。
—Who is making so much noise in the garden?
——是谁在花园里弄这么大的噪音？
—It is the children (who are making so much noise in the garden)．
——是孩子们。
5．强调句型和定语从句的结合
句式特征为： 在强调句型的被强调部分或其他部分中找出一个先行词，附上修饰该部分的定语从句，这样整个句子结构就变得非常复杂。应特别注意不要混淆定语从句的关系词和强调句型中的that/who部分。
It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time which he ought to have spent doing his lessons.
是玩电脑游戏花去了这个孩子大量的应该用在功课上的时间。
6．易与强调句混淆的几个句型
(1)It is/was ＋时间＋when ...“当……的时候；时间是……”。when 引导的是时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。试比较：
It was ten o'clock when we got home last night.
我们昨晚到家时十点了。(状语从句)
It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night.
我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
此句是强调句，去掉“It was ...that”后句子仍然完整合理，注意that不能改成when。而上句不是强调句。
(2)It was/will be ... before ... “过……就……”；
It was not/will not be ... before ... “不久……就……”。主句中的 it 指时间，表语多是long, not long, three days, two weeks 等表示“一段时间”的词或短语。试比较：
It was three days before he went to Beijing.
三天后他就去了北京。
It will not be long before he finishes his job.
不久他就完成了工作。
It was three days ago that he went to Beijing.
他是三天前去的北京。
此句是强调句，去掉“It was ... that”后句子仍然完整合理。
即时演练4
选词填空 (when, before, since, that)
①It was 20 years ago that the two friends met in Vietnam.
②It will be 20 years before they meet in Vietnam.
③It is 20 years since he came to live here.
④It was 20 years that he spent in writing this novel.
⑤It was midnight when he came back home.
⑥It was in 1949 when our country was founded that he left his hometown.
[链接高考]
用强调句式完成句子
1．(2015·广东高考书面表达)It is for these reasons that I firmly believe that this rule will promote the learning atmosphere and our teamwork spirit.
正是由于这些原因我坚信这条规则将提高我们的学习氛围和团队精神。
2．(2015·福建高考书面表达) It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.
不是故事本身，而是故事所反映出来的问题最重要。
3．(2015·江苏高考书面表达)It is the people who obey the rules that matter.
重要的是遵守规则的人们。
4．(2014·重庆高考书面表达)It is the time and energy we spend on the present that makes it valuable rather than the price we pay.
珍贵的是我们在礼物上花费的时间和精力，而非我们所花钱的多少。
5．(2014·重庆高考书面表达)It is the thought that counts rather than how much it costs.
重要的是心意而不是花钱多少。
[针对演练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．—What did he want to know, Anne?
—When it was that I could finish writing the report.
2．—When was it that he picked up French?
—It was in 2013when he traveled in France.
3．Can you explain why it is that the sun sets in the west?
4．Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
5．It is either he or you who are in charge of the project and supposed to finish it punctually.
6．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night that he finished his work.
7．—When did you come back last night?
—It was not until 11 o'clock when the party ended.
8．It is five months since my son went to America.
9．It was five months ago that my son went to America.
10．It will be half a year before my son comes back from
America.
11．It was midnight when she was woken up by a phone call.
12．It was at midnight that she was woken up by a phone call.
Ⅱ.句型转换
1．He didn't attend the meeting because he was ill.
→It was because he was ill that he didn't attend the meeting.
2．When did you call me yesterday?
→When was it that you called me yesterday?
3．Did the Second World War break out in 1939?
→Was it in 1 939 that the Second World War broke out?
4．I don't know why you want to change your mind.
→I don't know why it was that you want to change your mind.
5．She didn't realize it was too late to go home until the sun set.
→It was not until the sun set that she realized it was too late to go home.
6．What he said disappointed me.
→It was what he said that disappointed me.
Ⅲ.短文改错
A couple of years before, a college friend was getting married on the weekend. We guests were both playing in the yard before the ceremony. Then a beautiful package arrived at and was delivered to my friends' mother. At first she thought it must have addressed to the wrong place, but after she opened it, she found it was the beautiful night dress. There was a note that read, “To the mother of the bride which has worked so hard to make this day perfectly.” She told us it was for her best friend. How a lovely friend!
答案：第一句：before→ago
第二句：both→all
第三句：去掉at; friends'→friend's
第四句：have后加been; 第二个the→a
第五句：which→who; perfectly→perfect
第六句：for→from
第七句：How→What
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