八年级英语上册Unit-1知识点及练习题新版新目标.docx

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 重点语法： 一，一般过去时 用法：表示过去某时发生的动作或状态。以句中表示过去的时间状语作为标志词。 例如：构成：谓语动词用过去式。Eg：He went to the beach yesterday。 否定句： 一般疑问句： 特殊疑问句： 动词过去式变形： 规则变化 构成规则 原形 过去式 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed play clean played cleaned 结尾时e的动词加-d dance danced 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed stop run stopped runned 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed study studied练习： 1，用所给词的适当形式填空 1. We_(play)basketball yesterday afternoon. 2. My uncle_(live) in Beijing in 2000. 3. They_(plan)to build a new bridge last year. 4. I _(study) for a test last night. 5. Lilys father_(work)in the office two years ago.,2，句型转换, 1，I was late for school yesterday.（改成否定句）2，His father had lunch in his factory.（改成一般疑问句）3，They went to the mountains on vacation.（改成否定句）4，Ann put her book in the desk just now.（划线部分提问）3，单项选择 ( )1. -_did you go on vacation? -Hong Kong. A. What B. How C. Where D. When ( )2. I_my homework last night. I went to the cinema with my parents. A. did B. didnt C. didnt do D. dont do ( )3. -Did they clean the house yesterday afternoon? -_. They cleaned it this morning. A. No, they dont B. Yes, they did C. No, they didnt C. Yes, they do ( )4. -_Tom and Jim_a walk yesterday evening? -No, they_. A. Do; take; doesnt B. Did; take; didnt C. Did; take; did D. Do; take; dont ( )5. -The coat looks good on you. Where_you_it? -In a supermarket. A. do; buy B. did; buy C. will; buy D. does; buy二、 复合不定代词 Did you go with anyone? Did you find anything special? 构成： thing where body one some any every no no one用法：1，作主语时，谓语动词用单数 Everone （be）here. 2, 被形容词修饰时，形容词必须后置。 Eg：I have something interesting to tell you. 3, 含some-开头的不定代词用于肯定陈述句中，any-开头的则用于否定句和疑问句中。 Eg: There is wrong with my eyes, I cant see A something something B anything anything C something anything D anything something练习： ( )1. -Where would you like to spend your vacation? -Id like to go_. I hat hot days A. cool somewhere B. somewhere cool C. hot somewhere D. somewhere hot ( )2. -Did you see my pen_? -Sorry, I didnt A. somewhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. Everywhere ( )3. There is_in todays newspaper. Lets read a storybook. A. something interesting B. nothing interesting C. interesting something D. interesting nothing ( )4. -Is there_wrong with your computer? -Yes, it doesnt work. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ( )5. -Have you got_ready for the sports meeting? -Not yet. We still have_to do. A. anything; nothing B.something; everything C. everything; something C. something; nothing三、 反身代词 oneself My/our Your Him/her/it/them 单数 self 复数 selves 用法：enjoy oneself= have a good time by oneself 独立、独自 I do the homework by myself. dress oneself 自己穿衣服 make yourself at home 客气语，像自己家一样，不用客气 look after oneself 照看自己 练习： ( )1. My sister is twenty years old. She can look after_. A. she B. her C. hers D. herself ( )2. Nobody taught me English. I learned it by_. A. I B. my C. mine D. myself ( )3. I bought something _my parents. But_for myself. A. to; anything B. for; nothing C. for; anything重点词汇与短语： 1，visited my uncle 看望了我的叔叔 visit是及物动词，意为“拜访；探望”,后接表示人的名词或代词。 visit还可以意为“参观；游览”，后接表示地点的名词。 a.I visited my grandmother last week. 上周我去_了我的外婆。 b.Do you want to visit Shanghai? 你想_上海吗？ 拓展：visitor意为“参观者；游客”。 eg: These visitors come from America._2， buy anything special 买特别的东西。 1）buy及物动词，意为“买；购买”。其过去式为_。 拓展：buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth. 意为“给某人买某物”。 My uncle_ _a bike. = My uncle_ _for me.3.We took quite a few photos there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。 take photos 意为“ ”。 eg:We_ _on the Great Wall.我们在长城上照了相。 辨析：quite a few与quite a little quite a few 意为“很多;不少”，修饰 ； quite a little 意为“很多;不少”，修饰 。 a. He stays here for _ _ _days. b.There is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子).4， I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax. 我大部分时间只是待在家里读书休息。 most of the time意为“大部分时间”，其中most为代词，意为“大部分；大多数”。 拓展：most of意为“中的大多数”，它作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。 a. Most of us_(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。 b. Most of the food_(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。5.Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃！ taste在此为系动词，意为“尝起来”，其后接形容词构成系表结构。 a. The food tastes really great.食物尝起来棒极了6.How did you like it? 你觉得它怎么样？ How do/did you like? 意为“你觉得怎么样？”，用来询问对方的观点或看法，相当于What do you think of? eg: How do you like your new job? = _ _ _ _ your new job?7.Did you go shopping? 你们去购物了吗？ go shopping意为“去购物；去买东西”，同义短语为do some shopping. eg: I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物。 拓展：“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。 go skating 去滑冰 go hiking 去远足 go sightseeing 去观光 go fishing 去钓鱼 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船8. Still no one seemed to be bored. (即使这样)仍然没有人看起来无聊。 1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”。 eg：Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。 拓展： a. seem+adj. “看起来”。 You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。 b. seem+to do sth. “似乎，好像做某事”。 I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。 c. It seems/seemed+从句 “看起来好像；似乎”。 It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信你。改写句子： 1.She seems honest. She seems _ _ honest. 2.He seems a fool. He seems _ _ a fool. 3.It seems that she doesnt like the coat. She _ _ _ _ the coat.2）辨析：bored与boring a. bored意为“厌烦的；感到无聊的”，一般在句中修饰人。 b. boring意为“无聊的；令人厌烦的”，一般在句中修饰事或物。 eg：a. Im _with what he said.我对他说的话厌烦极了。 b. I find the story very_.我发现这个故事太无聊了。类似词语：辨析：exciting与excited exciting 意为“令人兴奋的，使人激动的”， 一般修饰某物。 excited 意为“感到兴奋的，激动的”， 一般修饰某人。 Eg：a.The story is_(exciting, excited) . b.He told me the_(exciting, excited)news. c.Sarah was_(exciting, excited)to see the singer.9. I arrived in Penang in Malaysia this morning with my family. 今天早上我和家人到达了马来西亚的槟城。 arrive不及物动词，意为“到达”。 arrive in表示到达较大的地方，如国家、省、市等； arrive at表示到达较小的地方，如机场、商店、广场、村庄等。（注：地点副词home，here，there前介词省略） 辨析：arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 get to +地点 reach+地点 eg： ( )1.Jane got to the USA a few days ago. A.aarived B.arrived in C.reached to D. arrived to ( )2.When he arrived _ the station,the train had left. A. at B.to C./ D.in ( )3.Last night they _ home at _12:00. A.got;behind B.got;around C.got to;about D.arrived at, nearly ( )4.Please tell me when the bus_. A.arrives B.arrives at C.reaches D.reaches in ( )5.Jim and Kate are _ at their hometown tomorrow. A.getting to B.getting C.reaching to D.arriving ( )6.Why do you _ home so late? Aget B.get to C.arrive in D. reach to ( )7.-With the help of Internet,news can _ every corner of the world. A.arrive B.reach C.go D.get10. so we decided to go to the beach near our hotel 因此我们决定到旅馆附近的海滩上去。 decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”。 eg: They _ _ _the museum.他们决定去参观博物馆。 拓展：decide后常跟“疑问词+动词不定式”做宾语。 He cant decide when _ _(leave) 他不能决定何时动身。11. My sister and I tried paragliding.姐姐和我尝试了滑翔伞运动。 try此处用作及物动词，其后常接名词、动名词或不定式，意为“尝试；试图，设法；努力” She is trying my bicycle.她正在试骑我的自行车。 拓展：try也可用作名词，意为“尝试”，常用短语“have a try”，意为“试一试”。 I want to have a try.我想试一试。 辨析：try doing sth. / try to do sth. 1）try doing sth. 尝试做某事，表示一种尝试、做做看的想法，不一定付出很多努力。 2）try to do sth.尽力、设法去做某事，表示想尽一切办法要把事情办成，强调付出努力设法去完成。 a. I _ _ him, but no one answered. 我试着给他打电话了，但没有人接听。 b. Im _ _ _ English well. 我正尽力把英语学好。12.I really enjoyed walking around the town. 我真的很喜欢在镇上到处走走。 （P5） 1）enjoy及物动词，意为“喜爱；欣赏；享受的乐趣”，其后接名词，代词或动名词作宾语。 a. Do you enjoy your job? 你喜欢你的工作吗？ b. I enjoy reading books. 我喜欢读书。(enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事) 拓展： enjoy oneself =have a good time = have fun 玩得开心 （+ doing sth.）13. We wanted to walk up to the top , but then it started raining a little so we decided to take the train. 1）want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”。 2）start doing sth. 意为“开始做某事”，同义短语：start to do sth. Eg: Tom started learning English last year.14.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多小时的火车。 1）wait for意为“等候”，其后可接人或物。 Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2）over介词，意为“多于；超过” ，相当于more than。 Eg : My father is over 40 years old. There are over eight hundred students in our school.3) too many意为“太多”，其后接可数名词复数。 He always has too many questions to ask me. 辨析：too many + 可数名词复数 意为“太多. ” too much + 不可数名词 意为“太多. ”eg：I have homework to do today.15.And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.而且因为坏天气，我们也没能看到下面的任何景色） 辨析：because of与because a. because of意为“因为，由于”，后可接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。 He lost his job because of his age. b. because意为“因为”，引导状语从句，即接句子。 I didnt buy the shirt because it was too expensive.16. because we forgot to bring an umbrella 因为我们忘了带雨伞。 辨析：forget to do sth.与forget doing sth. forget to do sth. 意为“忘记要做某事（事情还没做）” eg: Dont forget to close the window. forget doing sth. 意为“忘记做过某事（事情已经做过了）” eg: I forget closing the window.拓展：remember同用法17. Did you dislike anything? 你不喜欢什么东西吗？（P7） dislike意为“不喜欢；厌恶”，其后可接名词、代词或动名词形式作宾语。 Eg：a. Mary _ the hamburgers. 玛丽不喜欢汉堡包。 b. I _ _ computer 我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。18. Why not? 为什么不带呀？ why not意为“为什么不呢”，一般用在疑问句中，表示提建议；why not后面需跟动词原形。 注：“Why not + 动词原形?” 相当于“Why dont you+ 动词原形?” a. Why not go to the party with me? =Why dont you go to the party with me? 为什么不和我一起去参加聚会呢？ b._ _ take a walk? = _ _ _ take a walk? 为什么不去散步呢？19. My classmates told me to keep going, so I went on. 我的同学告诉我坚持往前走，因此我便继续前进了 1）tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事。 The teacher _ _ _ _ the window just now. 老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。 2）keep doing sth. 意为“继续做某事，一直做某事”。 She_ _ TV for two hours last night. 昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电视。20，My legs were so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。, sothat引导的结果状语从句 so+adj./adv.+that Eg：1. He is _lovely a boy_we love him very much. A.very, that B.too, to C.as, as D.so, that 2. The little boy is so young that he cant go to school. _21. My father didnt bring enough money 我爸爸没带足够的钱（P5） 1）辨析：bring与take bring意为“带来；拿来”， 指从别处带到说话者所在地。 take意为“拿走；带走”， 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。 2）enough 意为“足够的，充分的” 1.用来修饰形容词或副词，一般置于被修饰词之后。 2.用来修饰名词时可放在形容词前面或后面。 Eg：a. We have enough time to do our homework. b. The box is big enough.练习： 1. 不要着急，你还有足够多的时间。 Dont worry; you still have_ _. ( ) 2. You arent _to drive a car. A. old enough B. enough old C. young enough D. enough young ( ) 3. I am not_to reach the clock on the wall. A. enough tall B. tall enough C.short enough D. enough short堂上练习： 一、单选题 ( )1.-Do you have_to say for yourself? -No,I have_to say. A.something;everything B.nothing;something C.everything;anything D.anything;nothing ( )2.Paul and I_tennis yesterday. He did much better than I. A.play B.will play C.played D.are playing ( )3.He went into his room and _to work. A.begins B.began C.beginning D.to begin ( )4.I dont want to go to the museum, its too_. A. relaxing B. boring C. bored D.beautiful ( )5.I didnt go to the mountains _the bad weather. A.so B.because of C.because D.but ( )6.Do you enjoy_photos? A.to take B.take C.taking D.takes ( )7.Yesterday afternoon, we_to the park. A.went B.go C.goes D.goed ( )8.Its cold, so we decided_at home. A.stay B.to stay C.staying D.stayed ( )9.Dont forget_your homework tomorrow. A.bring B.to bring C.brought D.bringing ( )10.She didnt_me about it. A.told B.tell C.telling D.tells ( )11. -Did you go fishing with_yesterday? -Yes, I went with my father. A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone ( )12. -Where did Jenny go on vacation? -She went_. A. somewhere warm B. anywhere warm C. warm somewhere D. warm anywhere ( )13. I have quite_friends. I feel very happy. A. few B. a few C. little C. a little ( )14. -How was your vacation? -_. I liked it very much. A. Very bad B. Wonderful C. Im fine D. Have a good time ( )15. There is_with my computer. Can you help me mend it? A. nothing wrong B. anything wrong C. something wrong D. wrong something( )16. -Who teaches_singing? -Nobody, I learn it by_. A. your; mine B. your; my C. you; myself D. you; me ( )17. The book is_. I feel_. A. boring; boring B. bored; boring C. boring; bored D. bored; bored ( )18. _is impossible if you put your heart into it. A. Anything B. Something C. Everything D. Nothing ( )19. -Did you see my Chinese book? -Yes. _took it away. But I dont know him. A. Someone B. Anyone C. No one D. Everyone ( )20. -Steven, can you help me buy some meat? -_. I like shopping. A. Thats right B. Its right C. Of course D. Youre welcome二、句型转换 1.I did my homework yesterday. (改为否定句) I _ _ my homework yesterday. 2.She went to New York on vacation. (就划线部分提问) _did she _ on vacation? 3.Vera visited the Great Wall last Sunday. (改为一般疑问句) _ Vera _ the Great Wall last Sunday? 4.He was at home this time yesterday. (改为一般疑问句) _ he at home this time yesterday? 5.The students had fun in the park.(改为同义句) The students_ _ _ _ in the park. 6. Lucy did her homework yesterday evening. (改为否定句) Lucy _ _ _ homework yesterday evening. 7. Jim went to the beach last Sunday. (对画线部分提问) _ _ Jim _ last Sunday? 8. They played basketball yesterday. (对画线部分提问) _ _ they play basketball?课外练习题 一、选择填空 ( )1. How _you _your summer vacation? I visited Xian. A. do，spend B. did，spend C. did，spent ( )2._did you go on vacation? A. Where B. What C. Who ( )3. There _a small boy _in the comer，and I helped him find his mother. A. was，crying B. is，cry C. was，cries ( )4. Can you help me _a taxi? A. look B. give C. find ( )5. Do you want _the music club? A. join B. joining C. to join ( )6. What did they decide _then? A. do B. to do C. doing ( )7. We had great fun _in the water. A. play B. played C. playing ( )8. That was too expensive，_I decided not to buy. A. because B. so C. if ( )9. I didnt have _money for a taxi， _I have to walk home. A. many， because B. any， so C. some， so ( )10. Where _you _yesterday? A. do，go B. did，go C. did，went D. was，go( )11. There _a heavy rain last night. A. is B. are C. was D. were ( )12. I _you yesterday afternoon，but you _at home. A. call，arent B. am calling，arent C. called，were D. called，werent ( )13. I didnt really enjoy it，_the shops were too crowded. A. so B. because C. but D. or ( )14. Mom often tells me _computer games too much. A. not play B. not to play C. not playing D. a play ( )15. We had great fun _the volleyball match . A. watch B. watched C. watches D. watching 二、根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。（ 1.We decided (go) to the beach near our hotel. 2.I really enjoy (walk) around the town. 3.We wanted (walk) up to the top. 4.My family (go) to the beach every summer. 5.Did you have a great time (talk) in groups? 6. Lucy usually_ _to school early. But today she _to school late. (go) 7. -Where did you_ (study) las