资源描述
演练方阵
第2讲Great Scientists (B)
基础巩固
一、根据首字母和汉语意思提示写单词
1. Exercise c__________ to better health.
2. I am p__________ that I gave you his address.
3. The schoolboys are more c__________ not to make any mistakes in spelling than ever before.
4. They were __________（输了）in the football match.
5. The chemist a__________ the new tonic（滋补品）and found it contained poison.
6. Before we see the fact, we can’t draw a __________（结论）.
7. The __________（严格的）teacher has gone abroad; you can breathe freely again.
8. One t__________ about the moon is that it is a piece broken off the earth.
9. We __________（没有采纳）his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.
10. The two towns are l__________ by a railway.
二、单项选择
1. The new invention may __________ changes in the way they apply the machine.
A. result from B. expose to C. lead to D. put forward
2. __________ writing the article, Mrs. Curie even forgot her dinner.
A. Absorbed in B. Absorbing at
C. Having absorbed by D. To absorb in
3. Who __________ for the loss of that car?
A. is blamed B. should blame
C.is to be blamed D. is to blame
4. Only when __________ in 1949 __________ to his motherland.
A. was the war over; he returned
B. the war was over; he returned
C. the war was over; did he return
D. was the war over; did he return
5. His empty bag suggested that his wallet __________ and he was suggested that __________ to the police station immediately.
A. be stolen; he should go
B. has been stolen; he should go
C. was stolen; he went
D. had been stolen; he go
6. After I finished one glass of wine, he poured me __________ second glass of beer.
A. a B. the C. / D. an
7. It is reported __________ a strong earthquake __________ Pakistan in Oct. 2005.
A. why; stroke B. that; hit
C. whether; stroke D. when; hit
8.—It’s eight o’clock. Where is Ben?
—I’m afraid he will be __________ to __________ tonight’s meeting.
A. able; join B. unable; attend
C. able; come to D. unable; come
能力提升
一、完形填空
Every human being has unique arrangement of skin on his fingers and this arrangement is unchangeable. Scientists and experts have proved the 1 of finger-prints and discovered that no 2 similar pattern is 3 from parents to children, 4 nobody knows why this is the 5.
The ridge 6 on a person’s finger doesn’t change 7 growth and is not affected by 8 injuries. Burns, cuts and other damages to the 9 part of the skin will be replaced 10 by a new one which bears the reproduction of the 11 pattern. It is only when the inner skin is injured that the arrangement will be 12. Some criminals make use of this to 13 their own finger-prints 14 this is a dangerous and rare step to 15.
Finger-prints can be made very easily with a printer’s ink. They can be recorded easily. With special method, 16 can be achieved successfully within a short time. 17 the simplicity and economy of this system, finger-print have often been used as a method of solving criminal cases. A 18 man may deny the charge but this may be 19. His finger-prints can prove who he is even if his 20 has been changed by age or accident.
When a suspect leaves finger-prints behind at the scene of a crime, they are difficult to detect with the naked eye. Special techniques are used to “develop” them. Some of the marks found are incomplete but identification is possible if a print of a quarter of an inch square can be obtained.
1. A. uselessness B. quantity C. magnitude D. uniqueness
2. A. naturally B. exactly C. especially D. particularly
3. A. passed on B. passed away C. passed out D. passed off
4. A. if B. when C. though D. as
5. A. reason B. cause C. ground D. case
6. A. construction B. structure C. location D. position
7. A. with B. because of C. until D. under
8. A. grave B. severe C. substantial D. surface
9. A. outside B. outward C. inner D. outer
10. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. behind time
11. A. original B. different C. definite D. customary
12. A. restored B. hurt C. destroyed D. restricted
13. A. diminish B. dispose C. undermine D. remove
14. A. and B. but C. when D. if
15. A. make B. take C. do D. adapt
16. A. realization B. detection C. identification D. investigation
17. A. In spite of B. Irrespective of C. Because of D. In case of
18. A. suspected B. doubted C. distrusted D. doubtful
19. A. out of case B. in vain C. at random D. in question
20. A. look B. expression C. appearance D. sight
二、阅读理解
A
You’ve heard of Charles Darwin, right? He is famous for his theory of evolution. You might have just about heard of Alfred Russel Wallace, who co-authored, with Darwin, the revolutionary work On the Origin of Species, published in 1859. But what about Patrick Matthew? ‘Patrick who?’ you might ask. Well, Darwin and Wallace got the fame but Matthew did the legwork too.
This British horticulturalist（园艺学家）actually thought about evolution first, as Dr Mike Weale, geneticist at King’s College London, explains. He says: “Matthew published a brief outline of the idea of species being able to change into other species through natural selection. And he did that 27 years before Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. And they recognized that he did so but other people since have simplified the story and tended to concentrate just on Darwin.”
So Patrick Matthew's relative obscurity（无名）may simply be down to us-the general public – wanting to simplify things. But Dr Patricia Fara, senior tutor at Clare College Cambridge, points out that Darwin's work might have received more attention because he had powerful friends.
“He brought his allies on board”, she says. The academic explains that “although he was publishing from his stronghold down in Kent he had the most famous, most prominent members of the scientific society in Victorian times, who were pushing on his behalf. Having a scientific theory being accepted is not just a matter of whether the theory’s right.”
Maybe it is time for us to remember Patrick Matthew, a pioneer of the story of survival through adaptation that is at the heart of evolution.
1. What is Charles Darwin famous for?
A. his theory of evolution
B. his allies on board
C. his powerful friends
D. his characteristics
2. Who is Patrick Matthew?
A. a British horticulturalist
B. a geneticist
C. a prominent member of the scientific society
D. a co-author with Charles Darwin on the Origin of Species
3. What made Patrick Matthew’s relative obscurity according to Dr Patricia Fara?
A. He just published a brief outline of the idea
B. We general public – wanting to simplify things
C. He didn’t have powerful friends
D. His theory is wrong
B
Can money make you happy?
What would make you happy? A nice holiday? A very large meal with friends at a very expensive restaurant? Or buying a pair of the latest designer jeans? All these pleasures cost money. Does that mean we need lots of cash to feel good?
Scientists in Canada found that when used in the right way, money can bring us happiness. They discovered that when you use money to free up time, by paying someone to do your chores for example, you are happier. In an experiment, individuals reported greater higher life satisfaction if they used $40 to save time rather than spend it on material goods such as a new pair of shoes. But surprisingly, the researchers found that fewer than a third of individuals spent money to buy themselves time each month.
In our hectic lives time is one thing we seem to be short of. People are reporting a ‘time famine’, where they get stressed over the daily demands on their time. Psychologists say stress over lack of time causes lower well-being and contributes to anxiety and insomnia. But in many countries now, as incomes are rising, there is an option to buy more time.
This can be through hiring a cleaner to clean your house or outsourcing your ironing to someone else – giving us valuable extra hours to do the things we want to do. And in many forward-thinking companies, staff are given the opportunity to buy more time off or work flexibly.
Professor Dunn, who worked with colleagues at Harvard Business School, Maastricht University and Vrije University Amsterdam, says that “money can in fact buy time. And it buys time pretty effectively… and so my take home message is, ‘think about it, is there something you hate doing that fills you with dread and could you pay somebody else to do that for you?’ If so, then science says that’s a pretty good use of money.”
I would agree that buying more time makes me feel happier and more relaxed. But making time a priority over making money does come at a price; you have less cash to spend on the things you now have time to do. However there’s another old saying that ‘life is short and time is swift’ so there’s no time to waste and there’s more to life than doing tedious housework!
1. What did scientists in Canada find?
A. You are happier when you buy a pair of new shoes.
B. You are happier when you have a nice holiday.
C. You are happier when you have a large meal with friends.
D. You are happier when you use money to free up time.
2. What does ‘hectic’ mean?
A. busy B. bard C. easy D. happy
3. Which of the following cannot be caused by lack of time according to the passage?
A. lower well-being B. anxiety C. sadness D. insomnia
4. Which of the following is Not an example of buying time?
A. hiring a cleaner to clean your house
B. outsourcing your ironing to someone else
C. buying a robot to chat with you
D. spending money on washing your clothes
5. What of the following sentence is False according to the passage?
A. Paying somebody else to do things you hate is a good use of money.
B. In many forward-thinking companies, staff are given the opportunity to buy
more time off or work flexibly.
C. If life is short and time is swift, we should earn as much money as we can.
D. Making time a priority over making money will make you have less cash to
spend on the things you now have time to do.
C
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful（有压力的）events. They found out that any major change could be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member”were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes－Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress-it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events has a great effect on your chances of staying healthy.
By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness!” If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy, the articles said, avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous, many－like the death of a loved one is impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription（处方）for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.
The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of what we know about people. It is supposed that we’re all weak and passive in the face of difficulty. But many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental damage.
1. The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to __________.
A. wide spread worry over its harmful effects
B. great fear about the mental problems it could cause
C. a deep research into illnesses connected with stress
D. popular avoidance of stressful jobs
2. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become __________.
A. discouraged when faced with difficulty
B. physically and mentally weak
C. more experienced in the face of difficulty
D. uninterested in what happens to them
3. What’s the purpose of writing the text?
A. To tell people the discoveries about stress.
B. To tell people how to keep healthy.
C. To help people avoid stressful events.
D. To help people view stress properly..
D
I’m Gwen Outen with the VOA Special English Development Report.
A few years ago, researchers discovered a simple answer to a big problem. They found that the bacteria that causes cholera can be removed from drinking water with simple cloth filters. Pouring water from rivers or lakes through several thicknesses of cloth can trap tiny organisms like the cholera bacteria.
A three-year study took place in Bangladesh. American and Bangladeshi scientists went to 65 small villages in a country where cholera is a major health problem. They tested the use of saris as cloth filters. A sari is the traditional clothing worn by most women in Bangladesh.
People in one group of villages used cloth from old saris, folded eight times, as a filter for their drinking water. People in another group of villages used modern nylon filters for their water. People in the other villages continued to gather water in traditional ways, without using filters. About 44 000 people were studied in each of the three groups of villages.
Rita Colwell from the University of Maryland at College Park helped lead the study. She said the people in the villages using filters from old saris had the lowest number of cases of cholera. The researchers also found that almost 99 percent of cholera bacteria could be filtered out with the sari cloth. Rita Colwell said cloth from old saris worked best because it has been washed repeatedly. She said the space between the threads of the material narrows when the cloth is washed, so it traps smaller particles.
Cholera is an intestinal（肠道，肠内物，侵袭肠的）infection that can develop in the body in less than five days. It can quickly lead to severe loss of fluids through diarrhea（腹泻）and vomiting（呕吐）. Cholera can cause death if treatment is not given quickly. Children under age five are most at risk.
People get the disease by drinking water or eating food that contains the bacteria. The disease is most often found in areas where there is unclean water and poor systems for treating human waste.
The most recent yearly report on cholera on the Web site of the World He
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