初中英语数词用法及练习.doc

初中英语数次归纳及练习数词主要分为基数词和序数词两类。一、 数词的分类1. 基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下：A从110one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenB从 1119eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen这里除 eleven， twelve， thirteen， fifteen， eighteen为特殊形式外，fourteen，sixteen，seventeen，nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。C从 2199整数几十中除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”21 twenty-one 76 seventy-sixD百位数个数基数词形式加“hundred”，表示几百，在几十几与百位间加上and101 a hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eightE千位数以上从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-fourF基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。There are hundreds of people in the hall大厅里有数以百计的人。Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum ofQin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。They went to the theatre in twos and threes他们三三两两地来到了剧院。G表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。He became a professor in his thirties他三十多岁时成为了教授。She died of lung cancer in her forties她四十来岁时死于肺癌。It was in the 1960s那是在二十世纪六十年代。H基数词的句法功能基数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语。The two happily opened the box两个人高兴地打开了盒子。（作主语）I need three altogether我总共需要三个。（作宾语）Four students are playing volleyball outside四个学生在外面打排球。（作定语）We are sixteen我们是16个人。（作表语）They three tried to finish the task before sunset他们三个人尽力想在日落前完成任务。（作同位语）2. 序数词表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式：A从第一至第十九其中，one first， two second， three third， five fifth，eighteighth，nineninth，twelve twelfth为特殊形式，其它的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加“th”构成。例如： six sixth、nineteen nineteenthB从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i，再加“eth”构成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth表示第几十几时，用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一fifty-sixth 第五十六seventy-third 第七十三ninety-ninth 第九十九C第一百以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十D序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示。主要缩写形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rdfourth4th sixth6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd其中lst，2nd，3rd为特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯数字后加上th。E序数词的句法功能序数词在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语。The second is what I really need第二个是我真正需要的。（作主语）He choose the second他挑选了第二个。（作宾语）We are to carry out the first plan我们将执行第一个计划。（作定语）She is the second in our class在我们班她是第二名。（作表语）注：序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再”，“又”。Well go over it a second time我们得再念第二遍。Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time?我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次（第四次）吗？另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。the first lessonLesson Onethe fifth pagePage 5（five）the twenty-first roomRoom 21（twenty-one）二、时刻表示法1. 表示几点钟用基数词加可以省略的oclock5:00 读作 five oclock 或 five2. 表示几点过几分，在分钟后加past，再加小时five past seven 七点过五分half past six 六点半a quarter past eight 八点过一刻seven past eight 八点过七分3. 表示几点差几分，在分钟后面加to，再加小时ten to eight 差十分八点（七点五十分）a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二点（十一点四十五分）twenty to six 差二十分六点（五点四十分）在日常生活中，常用下列简单方法表示时间。以小时、分种为单位分别读出数字。6:31读作 six thirty-one10:26读作 ten twenty-six14:03 读作 fourteen o three16:15 读作 sixteen fifteen18:30 读作 eighteen thirty23:55 读作 twenty-three fifty-five注：时刻表上的时间大多采用24小时表示法，这样就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。三、年月表示法1. 世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示，也可以用定冠词加百位进数加s表示the sixth（6th）century 公元六世纪the eighteenth（18th）century 公元十八世纪the 1900s 二十世纪the 1600s 十七世纪这里，用百位数整数表示的世纪比这一百位阿拉伯数字本身多一个世纪。2. 年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的复数形式构成in the 1930s（in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties）在二十世纪三十年代in the 1860s（in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties）在十九世纪六十年代In the 1870s when Marx was already in his fifties，he found it important to study the situation in Russia，so he began to learn Russian在十九世纪七十年代当马克思已经五十多岁时，他发现研究俄国的形势很重要，便开始学习俄语。3. 表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后，年代前添加 early，mid-，latein the early 1920s 在二十世纪二十年代早期in the mid-1950s 在二十世纪五十年代中期4. 年月日表示法A年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位，也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine1800 读作 eighteen hundred253 读作 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two表示在哪一年，一般在年数前加介词in，使用year时，year放在数词之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。B. 月份，在哪个月用介词in加第一个字母大写的月份词表示。例如：in May在五月； in July在七月。为了简便起见，月份与日期连用时，月份常用缩写形式表示。缩写形式除May，June，July外，其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外。JanuaryJan一月 FebruaryFeb二月MarchMar. 三月 AprilApr四月AugustAug八月SeptemberSept九月OctoberOct十月NovemberNov十一月DecemberDec十二月注：这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略，因为它是表示缩写形式的符号。四、分数表示法1. 分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情况下序数词都要用复数形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third1/2 a half1 1/2 one and a half2. 当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1，名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1 1/2 hours 一个半小时（读作 one and a half hours）2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（读作two and three-fourths meters）4/5 meter 五分之四米五 、小数表示法1. 小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左首的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右首的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作 point，o读作 zero或oou，整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四10.23 ten point two three 十点二三25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七l.03 one point o three 一点零三2. 当数字值大于1时，小数后面的名词用复数，数字值小于1时，小数后面的名词用单数。1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨l.5 tons 一点五吨六、百分数表示法百分数用基数percent表示50 fifty percent百分之五十3 three percent百分之三0.12 zero point one two percent 百分之零点一二这里的percent前半部per表示“每一”，cent这一后半部分表示“百”，所以百分之几中percent不用复数形式。七、数量表示法1. 表示长、宽、高、面积等，用基数词+单位词（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+ 形容词（long，wide，high等）表示，或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词（length， width， height， weight等）表示。two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸宽This box is 2 kilograms in weight这个盒子有两千克重。The city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high西安城墙是12米宽，12米高。2. 表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。five minutes walk步行五分钟（的距离）Its an hours ride from my hometown to our university从我的家乡到我们大学是乘车一小时的路程。或：从我的家乡到我们大学需要乘车一小时。Its three kilometers distance from our campus to the Bell Tower.从我们校园到钟楼有三公里远。3. 表示温度时，用below zero表示零下温度，温度用基数词+degree（s）+单位词（centigrade摄氏或Fahrenheit华氏）表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36 摄氏 36度four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4 摄氏零下4度Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit水在华氏三十二度时结冰。Water boils at one hundred degrees centigrade水在摄氏一百度时沸腾。这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时，可以省略。You are 37（读作 thirty-seven degrees）你是三十七度。（摄氏）Its seven degrees below zero今天是零下七度。（摄氏）4. 由数词和其他名词构成的名词性短语作定语时，其中的名词用单数形式，名词性短语中各部分间要用连字符“-”来连接。Its a five-minute walk from the library to the playground从图书馆到操场需要走五分钟。Shes a sixteen-year-old girl她是个十六岁的女孩。5. 表示“比大（或）几倍”的说法。This room is two times bigger than that one这个房间比那个（房间）大两倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book这本词典比那本书厚四倍。My age is two times older than his我的年龄比他大两倍。是骡子是马, 拉出来溜溜:八、特殊用法 1数词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如： Two months is quite a long timeFour and two is sixWhats two and three？ 2一个半小时（一年半，一个半月可类推）onean hour and a half one and a half hours 巩固练习：I. 把下列短语译成英语：1. 第12课 _2. 304号房间 _3. 半小时 _4. 每日三次 _5. 第25页 _6. 20世纪90年代 _7. 4路公共汽车 _ 8. 第15中学 _9. 21世纪 _ 10. 八米长 _11. 差一刻三点 _ 12. 第二册 _13. 在他五十几岁时 _14. 二年级八班 _15. 10:45 _ 16. 第十五单元 _17. 第三册第十三课 _ 18. 三分之一 _19. 三百英镑 _ 20. 1994年3月22日 _II. 选择填空：1. 333 reads _.A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-threeC. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three2. The _ month of the year is February.A. one B. first C. two D. second3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _.A. the ninth B. the nineth C. nine D. ninth4. It took me _ to finish my homework.A. a half and two hour B. two hour and a half C. two and a half hour D. two and a half hours5. December is the _ month of the year.A. twelve B. twelveth C. twelvieth D. twelfth6. Tom bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes7. There are _ seconds in a minute.A. fourty B. forty C. sixteen D. sixty8. Lin Tao gets up at _ in the morning.A. half past six B. six past half C. past half six D. half six past9. December _ is Christmas.A. twenty-five B. the twenty-fifth C. the twentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth10. There are _ stars in the universe.A. millions B. million of C. millions of D. million11. Monday is the _ day of the week.A. two B. second C. three D. third12. Mr. Black left here _ ago.A. half a hour B. half an hour C. an half hour D. a half hours13. There are _ students in their school.A. nine hundred B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred of D. nine hundreds of14. There are _ words in the text of the _ Lesson.A. hundred of, Fifth B. a hundred of, Fiveth C. hundreds of, Fifth D. hundreds of, Fiveth15. We had learned about _ English words by the end of last term.A. nine hundreds and forty-five B. nine hundreds of and forty-fiveC. nine hundred and forty-five D. nine hundred and fourty-five16.Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _one.A. three B. third C. forth D. /17. A _ boy can sing the English song very well. A. ten-year-old B. ten years old C. ten-year-old D. fifth years old18.The old professor still works hard though he is _. A. in his sixty B. in his sixties C. in sixties D. in the sixty19. This classroom is _ ours. A. three times big as B. as three times big as C. three times as big as D. as big three times as 18.20. _, Coca-Cola began to enter Chinas market. A. In 1970s B. In 1970s C. In the 1970s D. In the 1970s21. There was no bus in that small town. We had a _. A. ten miles walk B. ten-mile walk C. ten miles walk D. tenth mile walk22. About_ of the books in our school library are written in Chinese. A. four-fifth B. four-fifths C. fourth-fifths D. fourths-fifth23. _ of the students are girls in our class.A. Two three B. Two threes C. Two thirds D. Second three24. _ of the worlds books and newspapers are written in English. A. Three quarters B. Three quarter C. Thirds four D. Threes fourth25. The road is over _ meters long.A. six hundred and fifty-two B. six hundreds and fifty-twoC. six hundred, fifty-two D. six hundred, fifty and two26. The tallest building is an_that stands in the center.A.80-floor building B.60-floor building C.80-floor buildings D.70-floors building27. _of the money _been spent recycling the rubbish.A. Three fourths; has B. Three fourths; have C. Three fourth; has D. Three fourth; have28. Dick, it is the _time in_ days that you have made the same mistake.A. two; three B. second; three C. two; third D. second; third29.September_is Teachers Day.A. the ten B. the tenth C. the tens D. ten30.He is _in our class.A. the fourth tallest B. fourth tallest C. four tallest D. the four tallest中考题集：1. About _ people are in the Peoples Park at weekends. A. two hundreds B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. hundred of2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峡大坝) should be _higher than downstream (下游).A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters3.In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now.A. hundred of B. hundreds for C. hundred D. hundreds4. I was 8 years old when my father was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I? A. 21 B. 22 C. 23 D. 245. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _.A. July 1, 1921 B. October 1, 1949 C. August 1, 1927 D. May 1, 19226. Look at the menu:SNACKSHamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20 Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75 Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a large coke and ice cream.How much will he pay?A. Five dollars and sixty cents. B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.C. Three dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars.7. - How many teachers are there in your school? - _, but Im not sure.A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred8. About _ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds9. - Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? - No. I think we need _ men.A. another B. two others C. more two D. two more10 - Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?- Yes, it is _.A. 85662 B. 85626 C. 58662 D. 5862611. Therere _ students in our grade.A. hundreds of B. three hundreds of C. three hundreds D. three hundreds12 _ of the workers in this factory is about two hundred, _ of them are women workers.A. The number, first third B. The number, one thirdC. A number, half D. A number, three quarters13. _ Germans come to visit China every year.A. Thousands of B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Two thousands14. The story happened_.A. in July 9, 2009 B. on July 9th, 2009C. in 2009, July9 D. on 2009, 9th July春天的风是有灵性的，依着风的眼眸，我看到了那一株株桃花读信的倩影，在桃林深处，紫色的青藤爬满那个小屋。我的小城，桃花已然开成海，像是一场粉色的春梦。是否，可以赴一场最美的相逢，如是，便不负曾经许下的约定。守住心底最美风景，是一种风度，一种期望。让心，随花儿轻舞，让梦，随蝶儿翩跹。等一缕柔风载满诗意，落满我的小院，好想，牵着你的手走在花开的路上，临摹又一个春的相遇，陌上绿色蔓延，让深情的诗句落在眉弯，打开灵魂的心门，写尽情意绵绵。春雨如丝，暖了一季寒凉露出温暖，碧水映蓝天，云朵儿似乎摸到嫩草尖尖。花香十里，暗香盈袖。我们微笑着，不说话，就十分美好。生命里，总会有一些人，渐行渐远，偶尔想起