中考英语主谓一致全面总结.doc

精心整理GrammarSubject-VerbAgreement(主谓一致)主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。1.语法一致原则如果主语是单数，谓语动词则用单数形式；如果主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。eg.Bothparties_theirownadvantages.Herjob_somethingtodowithcomputers.2.意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。Hisfamily_(be)abigfamily.Hisfamily_(be)listeningtomusicwhenhecameback.ThepopulationinChina_(be)verylarge,andeightyofthepopulationinChina_(be)farmers.3.就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。e.g.Eithermygrandsonsortheirfather_(be)coming.NeitherRichardnorI_(be)going.（一） 谓语动词常用复数的情况Theteachersarerespectedintheworld.1）主语为复数名词或代词Thepolicearelookingforthemissingchild.Thecattlearekeptinhisfarm.2) 当people,police,cattle等集体名词作主语，形式上为单数而意义却是复数，谓语用复数。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.TheRockymountainsstandinthewestofthenorthAmerica.3）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等s结尾的复数名词作主语。Thericharenotalwayshappy.Generallyspeaking,theyoungareeagerforsuccess.4）the+adj.表示一类人或物做主语时如blind,deaf,living,dead,the+wounded,poor,richold,young等但指个人或抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。Theunknownisalwayssomethingtobefeared.Thebeautifulisalwayslovedbypeople.TheWhitesaregoingtomakeatriptoLondon.TheGreenswerewatchingTVwhenafirebrokeout.5)the+姓的复数形式表一家人（二）谓语动词常用单数的情况1）可数名词的单数及不可数名词作主语时。Theadviceispractical.2）表示时间、距离、金钱、长度、重量等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时。Twentyyearsisonlyashorttimeinhumanhistory.3)主语从句、动词不定式、动名词形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Lookingafterthechildrenismyfulltimejob.Todieforthepeopleisaworthydeath.Whenandwheretoholdthemeetingisunknown.Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.4)以-S结尾的单数名词，形式为复数而意义为单数。如表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称作主语,(news,physics,maths，politics)谓语用单数。TheUnitedstatesismadeupof50states.TheTimesisanewspaperfortheBritishgovernmentGreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.?5) clothing,furniture,traffic,jewellery,baggage,equipment,luggage等无生命的集合名词作主语。Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.6）eachneither+of+the+复数名词或代词EitherEachofus_adictionary.Eitherofthebooksonthetable_tome.Neitherofthem_fitforthejob.7)manya/each/everyeither/neither+单数名词morethanoneManyastudent_thefilm.Neitherstory_true.Morethanonestudenthasseenthefilm.Morestudentsthanonehaveseenthefilm.注意：当each放在主语后作同位语时，不决定谓语单复数。Theyeachhaveadictionary.=Eachofthemhasadictionary.8)everyeveryeach+名词单数and+each+名词单数作主语时nono谓语用单数manyamanyaEverydeskandeverychair_madeofwood.Manyaboyandmanyagirl_madethesamemistake.9）由some,any,no,every+one/thing/body所构成的复合不定代词做主语时，谓语用单数。Nobody_togothere.Something_beendonetoendthestrike.（三） 其它情况1） 用and或bothand连接的两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。但是如果and连接的两个名词作主语，指同一个人或事或整体概念，谓语动词用单数（如果是可数名词的单数这时and后面的名词一般没有冠词）。用is/are填空：EnglishandChinesequitedifferentlanguages.Waterandairbothimportant.Ayoungmanandagirltogothere.ThesingerandthewriterfamoustomanyyoungpeopleThemanagerandsecretaryasbusyasabeealldayThesingerandwriterfamoustoeveryone.Warandpeace（战争与和平）aconstantthemeinhistory.Aknifeandfork（刀叉）neededforawesternmeal.Breadandbutter(黄油面包)servedforbreakfast.Earlytobedandearlytorise_（早睡早起）agoodhabit.常用的一些表示整体概念的词ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安awatchandchain一块带链的表Aneedleandthread针线acoatandtie配有领带的上衣2） 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则。作单数意义时，谓语动词用单数，反之谓语动词用复数。这类名词有：sheep,fish,deer,means(方法),species(种类),works(工厂),Chinese,Japanese等。选择填空has/haveEverymeans_beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.Allmeans_beentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.was/wereThisshoeworks_setupin1980.?Thoseshoeworks_allsetupin1980.?3)表示成双成套的名词，如：chopsticks(筷子),compasses,clothes,glasses,jeans,scissors,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves,shorts等，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；ChopsticksmainlyareusedinChina.但如与akindof,apairof,thepairof,aseriesof连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Thiskindofbooks_useful.=Booksofthiskind_useful.4)某些集体名词（如family,team等）作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数。类似动词还有：class,club,company,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team等。5)就近原则下列连词连接两个主语时，及therebe句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持一致。AorBeitherAorBneitherAnorB动词与靠近的主语一致notonlyAbutalsoBtherebeA,BandCnotAbutB1）Eitherthegirlortheboy_inCanada.(is/are)2）NeitherhenorI_theanswer.(knows/know)3）NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.4)You,heorIright.5)_eitherheoryouright?(be)(注意就近原则在疑问中的使用)6）Youorhe_toblame_youorhetoblame?Ais，IsBare，AreCis，AreDare，Is7)Eitheryouortheheadmaster_theprizetothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.(NMET1994)A.ishandingoutB.aretohandoutC.arehandingoutD.istohandout6)就前原则当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等词组时，其谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。1)Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_visitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.(NMET2004北京卷)A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe2）NobodybutJohnandHelenabsent.I,ratherthanyou，responsiblefortheaccident.7)anumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用复数。thenumberof+n（复数）作主语，谓语用单数Thenumberofthepeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were8)alargequantity/amountof+n谓语由of后的名词单复形式决定largequantities/amountsof+n(可数/不可数)谓语复数Alargequantityofpeople_neededhere.Alargequantityofwater_neededhere.Largequantitiesoffood_gonebad.9）关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形式取决于其先行词的单复数。Heisoneofthefewpersonswho_agoodknowledgeofItalian.当one之前有theonly修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_givenaprize.10)倒装句中，必须认准哪是主语。如：1)Betweenthetwobuildings(stand)amonument.2)Ontheship_(be)over2,200people.3)Morethan1,500peoplelosttheirlives.Amongthose_(be)theyoungwoman.11)such,thesame起指示代词作用，应根据其所指的内容来确定单、复数。如：Such_ourplan.?Such_myhopes.?12)all做主语表示人时，谓动用复数；若表物，谓动则用单数。All_wellthatendswell.All_eagertoreachanagreement.13)partof/halfof/percentof/onethirdof+名词,谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致。Onethirdofthelandissoldbythegovernment.常用的一些表示整体概念的词ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安awatchandchain一块带链的表Aneedleandthread针线acoatandtie配有领带的上衣Exercises1.Eachofyou_responsiblefortheaccident.A.am?B.be?C.is?D.are2.?Eachmanandwoman_thesamerights.A.has?B.have?C.had?D.ishaving3.?Everymeans_triedbutwithoutmuchresult.A.hasbeen?B.havebeen?C.are?D.is4.?There_inthisroom.A.aretoomuchfurniture?B.istoomanyfurnituresC.aretoomuchfurnitures?D.istoomuchfurniture5.?Themanagerorhisassistant_planningtogo.A.were?B.are?C.was?D.be6.?NotonlyIbutalsoDavidandIris_fondofplayingbasketball.A.am?B.is?C.are?D.was7.?NeitherTomnorhisparents_athome.A.is?B.are?C.has?D.was8.?Eitherthedeanortheprincipal_themeeting.A.attends?B.attend?C.areattending?D.haveattended9.?_waswrong.A.Nottheteacherbutthestudents?B.BoththestudentsandtheteacherC.Neithertheteachernorthestudents?D.Notthestudentsbuttheteacher10.?“_twentydollarsabigsumtoher?”?“Isupposeso.”A.Willbe?B.Is?C.Are?D.Were11.?Threehours_enoughforustofinishthetask.A.are?B.has?C.is?D.were12.?Mostofhissavings(存款）_intheXinHuaBank.A.hasbeenkept?B.isbeingkept?C.havekept?D.havebeenkept13.?Allthatcanbedone_.A.hasdone?B.hasbeendone?C.havedone?D.havebeendone14.?Oneorperhapsmorepages_.A.ismissing?B.hasbeenmissed?C.aremissing?D.wasmissing15.?Morethanoneworker_dismissed.A.havebeen?B.are?C.hasbeen?D.has16.?Whiskeyandsoda_?hisfavoritedrink.A.is?B.are?C.were?D.havebeen17.?Manyastudent_theimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage.A.haverealized?B.hasrealize?C.havebeenrealized?D.hasbeenrealized18.?Thegasworks_nearthecity.A.is?B.are?C.were?D.be19.Thesurroundings（环境）ofhishouse_cleannow.A.is?B.are?C.was?D.were20.Thecommittee_overtheproblemamongthemselvesfortwohours.A.hasargued?B.hasbeenarguing?C.haveargued?D.havebeenarguing21.Thepublic_generousintheircontributionstotheearthquakevictims.A.is?B.was?C.are?D.hasbeen22.?Cattle_onthehillside.A.grazes?B.isgrazing?C.wasgrazing?D.weregrazing23.Herpolitics_neitherconservativenorliberal.A.is?B.are?C.was?D.hasbeen24.?Measles(麻疹）_akindofinfectiousillness.A.is?B.are?C.were?D.havebeen25.?ThePhilippines_tothesouth-eastofChina.?A.lies?B.lie?C.lay?D.lays26.Maryisoneofthegirlswho_alwaysontime.A.is?B.am?C.are?D.was27.Tomistheonlyoneofthestallmemberswho_tobepromoted.A.isgoing?B.aregoing?C.hasbeengoing?D.havebeengoing28.Whatcausedtheaccident_ontheroad.A.werestone?B.werestones?C.wasstone?D.wasstones29.?_istoattendourevening.A.boththesingerandthedancer?B.EitherthesingerordancersC.Thesingerordancers?D.Thesingeranddancer30.TheSmiths_theirbreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame.A.had?B.hasbeenhaving?C.arehaving?D.werehaving31.?Nooneexcepttwostudents_themeeting.A.hasbeenlatefor?B.havebeenlatefor?C.waslatefor?D.werelaterfor32.?Allbuthimandme_totheexhibition.A.amgoing?B.isgoing?C.aregoing?D.wasgoing33.?Interest,aswellasprospects,_importantwhenonelooksforajob.A.are?B.were?C.is?D.was34.Thepresident,accompaniedbyhisassistants,_.A.havearrived?B.arearriving?C.hadarrived?D.hasarrived35.?Anumberofcars_infrontofthepark.A.isparked?B.wasparked?C.areparked?D.hasparked36.Thenumberofarticlespublishedonsmoking_amazing.A.is?B.are?C.were?D.havebeen37.?Themajorityofthedamage_easytorepair.A.is?B.are?C.were?D.be38.Themajorityofdoctors_smokingisharmfultohealth.A.arebelieved?B.hadbelieved?C.hasbelieved?D.believe39.Four-fifthsofthecrop_.A.areruined?B.wasruined?C.wereruined?D.havebeenruinedHomework1.FinishGrammaronP98-99.2.PreviewthepartofIntegratingskills.精心整理