新人教版七年级下册英语知识点归纳总结.pdf

第 1 页 共 9 页新目标英语七年级下册知识点总结Unit 1 Can you play the guitar？1，情态动词+V 原can do=be able to do 2，Play+the+乐器+球类，棋类3，join 参加社团、组织、团体4，4 个说的区别：say+内容Speak+语言Talk 谈论talk about sth talk with sb talk to sb Tell 告诉，讲述tell sb（not）to do sth Tell stories/jokes 5，want=would like+（sb）to do sth 6，4 个也的区别：too 肯定句末（前面加逗号）Either 否定句末（前面加逗号）Also 行前 be 后As well 口语中（前面不加逗号）7，be good at+V-ing=do well in 擅长于be good for 对有益（be bad for 对有害）be good to 对友好（good 可用 friendly，nice，kind 替换）be good with 和相处好=get on/along well with 8，特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词+一般疑问句9，How/what about+V-ing 怎么样？（表建议）10，感官动词（look,sound,taste,smell,feel）+adj/like 11，选择疑问句：回答不能直接用Yes 或者 No，要从中选择一个回答12，students wanted for school show（wanted 表示招募，含有被动意义）13，show sth to sb=show sb sth give sth to sb=give sb sth 14，help sb（to）do sth Help sb with sth With sb s help=with the help of sb Help oneself to 随便享用15，be busy doing sth/be busy with sth 16，need to do sth 17，be free=have time 18，have friends=make friends 19，call sb at+电话号码20，on the weekend=on weekends 21，English-speaking students 说英语的学生（带有连词符，有形容词性质）22，do kung fu 表演功夫Unit 2 What time do you go to school？1，问时间用what time 或者 when At+钟点at 7 o clock at noon/at night（during/in the day）On+具体某天、星期、特指的一天on April 1ston Sunday on a cold winter morning In+年、月、上午、下午、晚上第 2 页 共 9 页2，时间读法：顺读法逆读法：分钟30 用 past five past eight（8:05）half past eight（8:30）分钟 30 用 to a quarter to ten（9:45）整点用o clock 7 o clock（7:00）3，3 个穿的区别：wear 表状态，接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等Put on 表动作，接服装Dress 表动作，接sb/oneself get dressed穿衣3，感叹句：How+adj+主谓！How+adj+a/an+n 单+主谓！What+a/an+adj+n 单+主谓！What+adj+n 复/不可数+主谓！4，fromto5，be/arrive late for 6，频度副词（行前be 后）Always usually often sometimes seldom hardly never 7，一段时间前面要用介词for for half an hour for five minutes 8，eat/have for breakfast/lunch/dinner/supper 9，eitheror 10，a lot of=lots of 11，it is+adj+for sb+to do sth（adj 修饰 to do sth）It is important for me to learn English.it is+adj+of sb+to do sth（adj 修饰 sb）It is kind/friendly/nice of you to help me.Unit 3 How do you get to school？1，疑问词How 如何（方式）how long 多长（时间）答语常用“（For/about+）时间段”how far多远（距离）答语常用“（It s+）数词 +miles/meters/kilometers”how often多久一次（频率）答语常用“Always/often/every day/”或“次数+时间”等表频率的状语How soon 多快，多久以后，常用在将来时中。答语常用“in+时间段”how many 多少（接可数名词）how much（接不可数名词）why 为什么（原因）what什么 when何时who谁 whom谁（宾格）（针对宾语提问也可用who）whose谁的2，宾语从句要用陈述句语序3，Stop sb from doing sth Stop to do 停下来去做其他事Stop doing 停止正在做的事4，what do you think of/about？=how do you like？你认为怎么样？5，He is 11 years old.He is an 11-year-old boy.6，many students=many of the students 7，be afraid of sth be afraid to do sth worry about be worried about 担心8，play with sb 9，come true 10，have to do sth 11，he is like a father to me（like 像）12，leave 离开leave for 出发前往某地第 3 页 共 9 页13，cross 是动词across是介词14，thanks for+n/V-ing Thanks for your help/thanks for helping me.Thanks for your invitation/thanks for inviting/asking me.Thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为15,4 个花费：人+spend/spends/spent+时间/钱+（in）doing sth/on sth 人+pay/pays/paid+钱+for sth It takes/took sb+时间+to do sth 物+cost/costs/cost+sb+钱16，交通方式用介词。在句子中做方式状语。by+交通工具名词（中间无需任何修饰）By bus/bike/car/taxi/ship/boat/plane/subway/trainby+交通路线的位置By land/water/sea/air in/on+冠词/物主代词/指示代词 +交通工具名词In a/his/the car On a/his/the bus/bike/ship/train/horse/motorbike on foot 步行用动词。在句子中做谓语。take+a/the+交通工具名词take a bus/plane/ship/train ride a bike walk/drive/ride/fly to（后面接here，there，home等地点副词时，省略介词to。）如步行回家：walk home 17，名词所有格一般情况加 s Toms pen以 s 结尾加 the teachers office ten days holiday 表示几个人共同拥有，在最后一个名词后加 s Mike and Johns desk表示每个人各自拥有，在每个名词 后加 s Mikes and John s desksUnit 4 Don t eat in class.1，祈使句(变否定在句首+don t)Be 型（be+表语），否定形式：don t+be+表语Be quiet，please.Don t be late！Do 型（实义动词+其他），否定形式：don t+实义动词+其他Come here，please.Don t play football here.Let 型（let sb do sth），否定形式：don t+let sb do sth 或者 let sb not do sth No+n/V-ing No photos/mobile；No parking/smoking/spitting/talking/picking of flowers 2，in class 在课堂上in the classroom 在教室3，be on time 准时4，listen to music 5，（have a）fight with sb 7，eat outside 8，Must 与 have to（1）must 表示说话人主观上的看法，意为“必须”。have to 表示客观的需要或责任，意为“不得不，必须”，后接动词原词。第 4 页 共 9 页（2）must 没有人称，时态和数的变化Have to 有人称，数，时态的变化，其第三人称单数形式为has to，过去式为 had to.构成否定句或疑问句时借助动词do/does。（3）have to 的否定式是neednt=dont/doesn t have to（不必要）；must 的否定式是must not/mustn t（一定不能，不允许）。9，Some of10，bringto11，practice（doing）sth 12，wash/do the dishes 13，on school days/nights 14，break/follow（obey）the rules 15，Be strict with sb/oneself be strict in sth 对严格。16，too many“太多”修饰可数名词复数too much“太多”修饰不可数名词much too“实在太”修饰形容词或副词17，make one s/the bed 18，get to,arrive in/at,reach,到达（如果后面接地点的副词home，here 或 there,就不用介词in,at,to）19，remember/forget+to do 要做+doing 做过20，have fun，enjoy oneself，have a good/great/wonderful time+V-ing Unit 5 Why do you like pandas？1，回答 why 的提问要用because 2，Kind of 相当于副词，修饰形容词或副词，意为“稍微，有点”，与 a little/bit 相近A kind of 意为“一种”，some kinds of 意为“几种”，all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。这里的 kind 是“种，类，属”的意思。3，Why not=Why don t you+V 原你为什么不？4，walk on one s legs/hands on 意为“用方式行走”5，all day=the whole day 整天6，来自 be/come from where do they come from？=where are they from？7，more than=over 超过less than 少于8，once twice three times 9，be in great danger 10，one of之一+名词复数11，get lost 12，with/without 有/没有介词13，a symbol of 14，由制造be made of 能看出原材料be made from 看不出原材料be made in+地点表产地15，cut down 砍到动副结构（代词必须放中间，名词可放中间或者后面）Unit 6 I m watching TV.1，现在进行时其结构为be 的现在式（am,is,are）+现在分词（V-ing）。否定形式在be 后面加 not，疑问式将be动词提前第 5 页 共 9 页2，动词-ing 形式的构成：一般情况+ing；以不发音的e 结尾的，去e 加 ing；重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母再加 ing 3，go to the movies 4，join sb for sth 与某人一起做某事join us for dinner 5，live with sb live in+地点6，other，another 与 the other Other“其他的，另外的”，后接名词复数，有时 other+n 复数=others Another“又一（个），另一（个）”，泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个，后接名词单数。The other“（两者中的）另一个”，常与 one连用，“onethe other”表示“一个，另一个”7，talk on the phone 8，wish to do sth 9，Here is+n 单Here are+n 复Unit 7 It s raining!1.询问天气的表达方式：How s the weather?It s a raining/sunny day.It s raining.What s the weather like?It s windy.2，play computer games 3，How s it/everything going？=How have you been？4，In/at the park 5，Take a message for sb 替人留言Leave a message to sb 给人留言6，call sb back 7，right now，right away，at once，in a minute，in a moment，in no time 立刻，马上8，right now 现在just now 刚刚（用于一般过去式）9，over and over again 10，the answer to the question，a key to the door，a ticket to the ball game 11，by the pool 12，summer vacation 13，go on a vacation 去度假be on a vacation 在度假14，write（a letter）to sb 15，反意疑问句（陈述句+附加疑问句）反意疑问句中，陈述句用的肯定，后面的附加疑问句就要用否定；相反，陈述句用的否定，附加疑问句就要用肯定。16，adj 以-ing 结尾“令人的”exciting，interesting，relaxing 以-ed 结尾“人感到的”excited，interested，relaxed 17，in the first picture 18，dry 干燥的humid 潮湿的第 6 页 共 9 页Unit 8 Is there a post office near here？1，There is+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.There are+复数名词+地点状语.谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致（就近原则）。There be 句型的否定式 在 be 后加上 not 或 no 即可。注意 not 和 no 的不同：not 是副词，no 为形容词，not a/an/any+n.相当于 no+n.There be 句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首There be 表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”2，问路：Is/Are there near here/around here/in the neighborhood?Where is/are？How can I get to？Could/Can you tell me the way to Which is the way to 3，Across，cross，through，over Across 是介词，“横过，在对面”表示从物体表面穿过Cross是动词，相当于go/walk across Through 是介词，表示从物体中间或里面穿过go through the door Over 是介词，“横过，越过”表示从物体上空越过，跨过fly over 4，ask for help/advice 5，in/on the street 6，在某条大街上习惯用介词on on Bridge Street 7，across from，next to，betweenand，behind 8，in front of 在（外部的）前面behind 在后面in the front of 在（内部的）前面9，be in town be out of town 10，be far from 11，go/walk along go straight go up/down 12，turn left/right 13，on one s/the left 14，at the first crossing/turning 15，sometimes 有时（频度副词）sometime（将来）有朝一日，（曾经）某天Some times 几次，几倍some time 一段时间（前面用介词for）16，free 空闲的free time 自由的as free as a fish 免费的The best things in life are free.17，enjoy doing 18，Time goes quickly.19，表“一些”在肯定句中用some.在疑问句和否定句中用any。特殊用法：some 可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中。any 也可用于肯定句中，表示任何的。Unit 9 What does he look like?1，what does he look like？询问人长什么样，回答：主语+be+形容词/介词短语（he is tall/of medium height）；主语+have/has+形容词+名词（she has long hair）what does sb like？询问某人喜欢什么第 7 页 共 9 页2，多个形容词修饰名词多个形容词修饰名词，一般关系近的靠近名词；音节少的在前，音节多的在后。限定词+数词（序前基后）+描绘性形容词+大小、长短、高低+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词3，May be 为情态动词+动词原形，在句子中做谓语，maybe 是副词，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首。4，a little，little 修饰不可数名词，a little 表示一点点，little 表示几乎没有a few，few 修饰可数名词，a few 表示一点点，few 表示几乎没有5，Find 强调找到的结果，look for 强调寻找的过程.6，问职业：what do you do？=what is your job？7，the same as be different 8，long straight brown hair 9，最后 in the end（表事情结局）finally（强调次序）at last（强调经多番努力终于达成）By the end of 直到为止At the end of 在末端/尽头Unit 10 I d like some noodles.1，名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词（不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数）。可数名词又分单数和复数。1 一般+s;2 以-s,-x,-ch,sh结尾的名词+es；3 辅音+y,把 y 变 i,再+es；4 以-o结尾的，有生命的+es（negro negroes；heroheroes；tomato tomatoes；potato potatoes）；无生命的+s；以 f，fe 结尾的名词，改f，fe 为 v+es（leaf leaves；knife knives）（例外：roofs，chiefs）单复数同形：sheep，deer.不规则变化：man men；woman women；child children；foot feet；tooth teeth等2，would like sth.想要某物Would you like some?你想要一些 吗？Yes,please./No,thanks.would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。Would you like to?你愿意去做 吗？Yes,I d like/love to./I d like/love to.But I m too busy.would like sb to do sth“想要某人做某事”。3，order：order food take/have one s order In order to 为了In the order 按顺序Order/book a room 预定房间Order sb（not）to do sth 命令4，special 和 especial Special 特别的人或事物，特别的，特殊的，specials 特色菜；specially 专门地，特地Especial 特别的，突出的，especially 特别，尤其5，the number of 表示“的数量”，后面接可数名词复数。做主语时，主语是 number 而不是 of 后面的名词复数，因此谓语动词要用单数；a number of 表示“许多”，相当于many，后面接可数名词复数，做主语时，主语不是number 而是 of 后面的名词复数，因此谓语动词要用复数。Number 前可用 large，great，small 修饰，不能用little。6，仍然，还：still（肯定句）Yet（疑问句、否定句）7，one bowl of two bowls of 8，what size（+n）would you like？Large/medium/small 9，what kind of 10，大：big 体格大、笨重small，little 形容具体的人或物第 8 页 共 9 页Huge 物体体积巨大=very big Large 物体面积、空间、范围、数量大small 不修饰人Great 重大事件或行为，伟大，具有感情色彩11，肯定句中表并列用and 否定句、疑问句中表并列用or 12，around the world=all over the world 13，make a wish 14，blow out 15，in/at one go 16，get popular 17，cut up（动副结构）18，bring good luck to 19，different kinds of 20，be short of 缺乏Unit 11 How was your school trip?1，一般过去时基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原动词；一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？Did+主语+动词原形+其他？2，动词过去式规则变化：直接加ed；以不发音e 结尾的单词，直接加d；以辅音字母+y 结尾的，变y 为 i加 ed；以元音字母+y 结尾的，直接加ed；以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed 不规则变化的动词过去式（见书本最后一页）3，How was your school trip?=what was your school trip like？4，Go for a walk 5，Milk a cow 6，Ride a horse 7，Quite a lot 8，Show sb around 9，并列谓语的时态和数必须一致。10，In the countryside 11，after that 12，come out 13，go on school trip 14，along the way 15，buy/get sb sth=buy/get sth for sb 16，all in all 17，否定转移（主语为第一人称I 或者 we 时）think，believe，suppose 18，be interested in+n/v-ing 19，not at all 20，diary entry21，Something 意为“某事，有些事”；anything 意为“任何事，任何东西”；everything 意为“每一件事”（其后的谓语动词要用单数）；nothing 意为“没事，什么事都没有”。Unit 12 What did you do last weekend?1，go+V-ing 与 do some+V-ing go+V-ing 表示“去从事某种活动”（一般指户外）go shopping/swimming/skating/dancing/skiing/climbing/camping/第 9 页 共 9 页hiking do some+V-ing 表示“从事某种活动”（一般指室内）do some writing/washing/cooking/cleaning/reading2，go to the cinema 3，camp by the lake 4，study for a test study for the English test 5，work as a guide 6，living habits 7，stay up late 8，shout at sb 因生气或愤怒向某人吼叫；shout to sb 对某人大声叫喊，目的是让人听见9，run away 10，fly a kite 11，adj 修饰不定代词adj 要放后面something important，anything interesting 12，take sb to带某人去13，put up tents 14，make a fire 15，on the first night 16，each other 17，get a terrible surprise 18，finish doing 19，look out of 从朝外看（window，door）look out at sth 向外眺望look out for 留神、注意、小心、关心20，feel/watch/see/hear sb do sth 强调整个过程feel/watch/see/hear sb doing sth 强调动作正在进行21，jump up and down 22，wake up 23，so+adj+that+结果状语从句“如此以致”eg：I was so busy that I didn t go to sleep for 3 days.The weather was so cold that they had to stay at home.The coat is so expensive that I don t want to buy it.so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了（in order to）eg：they got up early so that they could catch the early bus.I raise my voice so that I can make myself heard.