2019高考复习之语法填空专练(六)含解析.doc

语法填空专练(六)
A
(20 18·福建省高三质量检查) No one is sure how many Americans belong to reading groups called book clubs. Yet __ 1__ (publisher) and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining __2__ (they)．
Most of the clubs work the same way. Members read the same book at the same time. Then they meet to talk about the book. Members may be friends or people __3__ live near each other. Some Americans belong to reading groups on __4__ Internet. These groups include people around the world who communicate about books they read. They send electronic mails instead of gathering __5__ (discuss) books.
Most reading groups study books by __6__ (variety) writers. However, some groups read the work of a single writer, __7__ (usual) one that has been famous for a while. Other groups may __8__ (name) for an important person in the work of a writer, __9__ a Sherlock Holmes Club. Members of these book clubs often are experts on their __ 10__ (choose) reading materials. One member of a Holmes reading group, for example, can identify almost every person in every Sherlock Holmes story.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国越来越多的人加入读书俱乐部以及读书俱乐部的运作方式、命名方式等。
1．答案与解析：publishers　考查名词。此处与and后面的bookstores一起构成并列主语，publisher为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故填publishers。
2．答案与解析：them　考查代词。join表示“成为……的一员，加入”，是及物动词，后面应跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them。
3．答案与解析：who/that　考查定语从句。先行词是people，空处在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
4．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。on the Internet“在网上”，为固定搭配。
5．答案与解析：to discuss　考查非谓语动词。他们发送电子邮件而不是聚集起来讨论他们读过的书。此处动词不定式作目的状语。
6．答案与解析：various　考查形容词。大部分读书俱乐部研究不同作家的书。空后的writers为名词，应该用形容词来修饰，variety的形容词形式为various，故填various。
7．答案与解析：usually　考查副词。空后的“one that has been famous for a while”是空前writer的同位语。usually起强调作用，修饰代词one。部分副词起强调作用时，可修饰名词、代词、介词短语等，如：Even John agreed to come.(修饰名词)；Only she could come. (修饰代词)；He went to the party only because of his wife.(修饰介词短语)。
8．答案与解析：be named　考查被动语态。此处name是动词，意为“命名”，在句中作谓语，与主语“Other groups”之间为被动关系，且空前有情态动词，故填be named。
9．答案与解析：like　考查介词。其他的俱乐部可能以一个作家的作品里的一个重要人物而命名，比如夏洛克·福尔摩斯俱乐部。空后为举例子，故填like“像，例如”。
10．答案与解析：chosen　考查非谓语动词。这些读书俱乐部的成员通常是他们选中的阅读材料方面的专家。提示词choose是动词，与其所修饰的名词短语“reading materials”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用choose的过去分词作定语，故填chosen。
B
(20 18·济南高考模拟) It's almost a common belief that the best food you can find in a place is not in the fancy restaurants, __ 1__ in the backstreets. These spots are usually away from popular tourist attractions, which means that to find them you'll need the spirit of an explorer.
That's __2__ I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing. I found __3__ restaurant that sold dishes from Xi'an when I explored the area around __4__ (I) office one day. I decided to try it out.
My roujiamo __5__ (make) fresh, so the bread was still warm. It was soft when I bit into it, and the meat inside was delicious and tender. In fact, I enjoyed it so much that I ordered more to take home with me. Though it's just a snack, it's still quite filling and can __6__ (easy) satisfy your appetite.
There are a __7__ (various) of things you can put inside the “mo”， as the bread is called. For example, in certain areas in Xi'an, the meat __8__ (use) is usually beef, but in Gansu Province, mutton is more common. And the first roujiamo that I tried was made __9__ pork. However it's made, it's still a tasty snack. And for an American like me who grew up __ 10__ (eat) hamburgers, it's a perfect combination of East and West.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了经常出现在街头巷尾的美食——肉夹馍。
【知识储备】　①not... but...不是……而是……；②come across(偶然)遇见；③a variety of各种各样的
1．答案与解析：but　考查连词。句意：普遍认为你能在一个地方找到的最好的食物不是在豪华餐厅里而是在街头巷尾。not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，故本空应填连词but。
2．答案与解析：how　考查表语从句。句意：这就是我探访北京的时候如何和肉夹馍不期而遇的。分析句子结构可知，“__2__ I came across roujiamo when I was exploring Beijing”为表语从句，从句缺状语，缺含义“如何”，根据句意可知本空应填how来引导表语从句。
3．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。句意：一天，我探访我办公室周围的区域时，我发现一个卖西安食物的餐馆。restaurant为可数名词，在文中第一次提及时应用不定冠词修饰，又因restaurant的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。
4．答案与解析：my　考查代词。句意参见上题解析。修饰名词office应用形容词性物主代词my。
5．答案与解析：was made　考查时态及语态。句意：我的肉夹馍是现做的，因此馍还是温的。本句中主语My roujiamo和动词make之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；根据上文可知此事发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。故本空应使用一般过去时的被动语态，应填was made。
6．答案与解析：easily　考查副词。句意：虽然只是一份小吃，但是仍令人感到相当饱，并且能很容易满足你的胃口。修饰动词satisfy应用副词，故填easily。
7．答案与解析：variety　考查固定用法。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。
8．答案与解析：used　考查过去分词。句意：比如，在西安的一些地区，使用的肉经常是牛肉，但是在甘肃省羊肉更常见。动词use与修饰的名词meat之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用use的过去分词形式作定语，故填used。
9．答案与解析：with　考查介词。句意：我尝的第一个肉夹馍是猪肉做的。with表示“用”，故应用介词with。
10．答案与解析：eating　考查现在分词。句意：对于一个像我这样的吃汉堡包长大的美国人来说，肉夹馍是东西方的完美结合。分析句子结构可知，在who引导的定语从句中，关系代词who指代先行词an American，在从句中作主语，因此动词eat和主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作伴随状语。
C
In August I spent two weeks working at the Sauraha day care center. I found working with the children very rewarding, as I believed I was making a __ 1__ (differ) to the children's lives and future. When I arrived in Kathmandu it was the start of the Chitwan Elephant Festival and I thanked the staff for changing all previous __2__ (timetable), and helping me to experience the culture of the festival, __3__ I enjoyed greatly.
__4__ my stay in Chitwan I experienced elephant rides, washing elephants and I was lucky enough __5__ (watch) a rare one­horned rhino (犀牛) calf and its mother, as well as __6__ variety of other wild birds and animals.
The staff were very helpful, making sure that I was having fun and taking good care of __7__ (I). When I first arrived in Nepal and __8__ (greet) by the staff, I could really sense that this was an organisation which is devoted to __9__ (assist) others and that really shone through. When I was with them, they were always thinking of different ways to __ 10__ (hopeful) help more local people and it was wonderful to see them so fond of helping others. So if you are looking for a memorable, fantastic experience to help others less fortunate than us, then I certainly recommend the project.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在尼泊尔工作时的一段愉快的经历。
1．答案与解析：difference　考查名词。“我”相信“我”正影响着这些孩子的生活和未来。make a difference是固定搭配，表示“有作用，有影响”。
2．答案与解析：timetables　考查名词复数。此处表示“更改之前所有的时间安排”，timetable是可数名词并结合空前的“all”可知，空处应填其复数形式。
3．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the culture of the festival，指物，且从句缺少宾语，故填which。
4．答案与解析：During　考查介词。空后的stay是名词，意为“停留，逗留”，在stay等表示行为要持续一段时间的名词之前，常用during而不用in。during表示“在……期间”。
5．答案与解析：to watch　考查非谓语动词。“be＋形容词＋enough＋to do sth.”是常用结构，表示“足够……做某事”，其中不定式短语作状语。
6．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。此处表示“其他各种各样的野生鸟类和动物”。a variety of“各种各样的”为固定搭配。
7．答案与解析：myself　考查反身代词。that引导的从句中主语是I, taking good care of的宾语指的就是主语I，故此处要用I的反身代词myself。
8．答案与解析：was greeted　考查动词的时态和语态。此处表示“当我第一次到达尼泊尔并受到员工欢迎的时候”，描述过去发生的事情要用一般过去时。I与greet之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
9．答案与解析：assisting　考查非谓语动词。be devoted to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“致力于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
10．答案与解析：hopefully　考查副词。修饰形容词、副词、动词时应用副词。hopefully“怀有希望地”。
D
(20 18·成都第三次诊断) Western companies are trying to get creative with their Chinese names, McDonald's has had a headache since it changed its name to Jingongmen, or “Golden Arches”. On Weibo, a microblogging site, some thought it __ 1__ (sound) old­fashioned and awkward because it had meanings of furniture in Chinese. The fast­food chain was quick to reassure customers its __2__ (restaurant) would continue to go by Maidanglao, a rough transliteration (音译) that has become __3__ recognizable brand name.
But now for most companies __4__ (enter) Chinese markets, transliterations are a thing of the past. Companies are choosing Chinese names __5__ positive meanings to attract people's attention, which often go beyond a direct translation. New companies are taking inspiration from BMW, which __6__ (call) Baoma, or “treasured horse”．
The naming process is forcing companies to think harder about the most impressive image (形象) they want to create for Chinese markets. Labbrand tests the suggestions with focus groups, __7__ makes sure that the name has no negative (负面的) associations in any of the __8__ (common) used Chinese dialects.
Perhaps thanks to those troubles, foreign firms are getting __9__ (wise) about the importance of naming in China than ever. Meanwhile, Chinese companies are also seeking __ 10__ (advise) on better foreign names in order to enter Western markets.
【解题导语】　西方公司进军中国市场，起一个合适的中文名字十分重要。
1．答案与解析：sounded　考查时态。根据主句中的“some thought”可知，宾语从句应用一般过去时，故用sounded。
2．答案与解析：restaurants　考查名词复数。根据常识可知，该品牌在中国的快餐饭店不止一个，应用名词复数形式。
3．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且brand name“品牌名称”为可数名词，其前应用不定冠词；且recognizable是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用a。
【知识储备】　注意不定冠词a/an的选用取决于后面单词的发音的第一个音素，而不是首字母。如：an honest person；a useful book。
4．答案与解析：entering/to enter　考查非谓语动词。句意：但是，现在对于多数进入中国市场/想要进入中国市场的公司来说，音译名已经成了过去式。此处可以用现在分词作定语，也可用不定式作定语。
5．答案与解析：with　考查介词。此处表示“具有积极含义的中文名字”。with“具有”。
6．答案与解析：is called　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，which指代BMW。本句是客观事实，应为一般现在时；BMW与call之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语表示第三人称单数概念，故应填is called。
7．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。本处指代前面整个主句，引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，故应用关系词which。
8．答案与解析：commonly　考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。
9．答案与解析：wiser　考查比较级。根据后面的“than ever”可知，空处应用比较级wiser。
10．答案与解析：advice　考查名词。此处表示“寻求建议”，应用名词作宾语。注意advice为不可数名词。
E
(20 18·合肥市第二次质量检测) Xuan paper, known as one of the Four Treasures of the Study, first came into __ 1__ (exist) in Xuan Prefecture in the Tang dynasty. The traditional skill of making the paper __2__ hand has been passed down through generations. The process takes as many as 18 steps, all of __3__ require a level of delicacy.
Take papermaking master Zhou Donghong, for example. He uses a fine screen to filter (过滤) a mixture of water and fibers. He lifts it up, and it's a sheet of paper. It takes him and his partner only 15 seconds __4__ (form) and shape it, but they've devoted __5__ (they) to perfecting the skills for decades.
“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers, and timing is __6__ (difficult) part of all. We have only one chance to filter the right amount of fibers, and only the proper weight guarantees the paper is neither too thin nor too thick, and the margin (差额) for error is __7__ (extreme) small，” said Zhou. With just the right degree of thickness, top quality Xuan paper holds ink and water tightly.
The skill of papermaking, __8__ (recognize) as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. We felt __9__ great sense of pride as it was listed as a world intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) by UNESCO in 2009. Since then, in Jing County, Xuan papermaking __ 10__ (teach) in schools.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了中国文房四宝之一——宣纸。
1．答案与解析：existence　考查词形转换。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词等作宾语，故此处用名词existence作介词into的宾语。
2．答案与解析：by　考查介词。by hand意为“用手工”，是固定搭配，符合语境。
3．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词steps，在从句中作介词of的宾语。
4．答案与解析：to form　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型it takes sb. some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。
5．答案与解析：themselves　考查代词。固定搭配devote oneself to sth./doing sth.意为“某人致力于做某事”，故用反身代词themselves。
6．答案与解析：the most difficult　考查形容词最高级。结合“There are a lot of tricks of filtering the fibers”和“of all”可推知，此处时间的控制是其中最困难的部分，故用形容词最高级形式修饰名词part，与下文中的“only”呼应。
7．答案与解析：extremely　考查副词。此处应用副词extremely修饰形容词small，在句子中作状语。
8．答案与解析：recognized　考查非谓语动词。recognize和句子的谓语proven之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式；且recognize和句子的主语the skill构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．答案与解析：a　考查冠词。此处为固定搭配a sense of...，意为“一种……感”，符合语境，且great的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
10．答案与解析：has been taught　考查动词的时态和语态。根据“Since then”可知，句子中应用现在完成时；又因谓语teach和句子的主语Xuan papermaking是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
F
(20 18·石家庄一模)Mike Taylor, a university student in the study of prehistoric life forms for his Ph. D．， discovered a brand­new species of dinosaur, while __ 1__ (conduct) research at the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom. This new species __2__ (identify) as part of the sauropod family of dinosaurs. The sauropods were four­legged, vegetarian dinosaurs, __3__ very long necks and tails, and relatively small skulls and brains. One of their most unusual __4__ (characteristic) was their nostrils, which were higher up in their head, almost near the eyes. So far, the sauropod bones __5__ (find) in every continent except Antarctica, and they are one of the longest living group of dinosaurs, spanning over 100 million years. This new species, __6__ (name) Xenoposeidon proneneukos, which means forward sloping, lived about 140 million years ago.
Mike Taylor, __7__ has spent five years studying sauropod vertebrae, __8__ (immediate) knew that this was the backbone of a sauropod. However, he had never seen one like this before. __9__ (far) research proved this was indeed a new kind of sauropod. The bone, which had been discovered in __ 10__ 1890's, had never been examined.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。迈克·泰勒偶然发现了一种新的恐龙物种；经研究证明，这是一种新的蜥脚类动物。
1．答案与解析：conducting　考查现在分词。该句主语“Mike Taylor”和动词“conduct”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且根据空前的“while”可知，该处表示动作正在发生，故用conducting。该句也可以看成状语从句的省略，省略了主语“Mike Taylor”和be动词“was”。
2．答案与解析：was identified　考查时态和语态。该句主语“This new species”和动词“identify”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态；此处陈述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
3．答案与解析：with　考查介词。该蜥脚类动物为四肢食草恐龙，它有着长长的脖子和尾巴，还有相对小的头骨和大脑。with表示“具有，带有”，符合语境。
4．答案与解析：characteristics　考查名词的单复数。characteristic为可数名词，根据该句中的“One of”可知，该处用名词的复数形式。
5．答案与解析：have been found　考查时态和语态以及主谓一致。根据该句中的“So far”可知，该句用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响；该句的主语“the sauropod bones”为复数形式，且和动词“find”之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，谓语动词用复数形式。
6．答案与解析：named　考查过去分词。分析该句结构可知。空处作“This new species”的后置定语；主语“This new species”和动词“name”之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用named。
7．答案与解析：who　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Mike Taylor”，为人，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who引导该定语从句。
8．答案与解析：immediately　考查副词。根据空后的动词“knew”可知，空处修饰该动词，表示“立即，立刻”，故用immediate的副词形式。
9．答案与解析：Further　考查比较级。进一步的研究证明，这的确是一种新的蜥脚类动物。根据句意可知，空处用比较级，表示“更进一步的”。
10．答案与解析：the　考查定冠词。in the 1890's表示“在 19世纪90年代”，故用定冠词the。