北师大版高中英语模块五Unit13词汇学习正式版.doc

Unit 13Warm-up & Lesson 1知识集释 课后词汇讲解 Learning to learn1. gain n.获得；收益；增益 v.获得；到达；增加；获利；(钟、表等)走得快No pain, no gain. 不劳则无获。I gained my experience. 我获得了经验。This clock neither gains nor loses. 这钟不快不慢。2. strength n.力气；强度；力量；长处I have hardly enough strength left to move my feet. 我连移动双脚的力气都几乎没有了。What strengths and weaknesses did you find in her? 你在她身上发现了什么优点和缺点?3. concentrate on = focus on = keep ones mind on集中于，专注于You should concentrate on your study.4. associate with 与相联系，与 .交往They prefer to associate with young people.他们更喜欢和年轻人交往。Through science weve got the idea of associating progress with the future.通过科学，我们已有了将进步和未来联系起来的观念。Warm up1. add vt.& vi. 加，增加，添加；补充，又说Add the milk to the flour, and then mix in three eggs. 往面粉里加牛奶，再拌入三个鸡蛋。I should like to add that we are pleased with the result. 我想补充一句，我们对这个结果感到高兴。additionn.C，U（添）加，加法；增加物A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal. 要是再有一瓶葡萄酒这顿饭可就锦上添花了。词组addto把添加到上add to (= increase)增加，增添（无被动语态）add up把加起来，合计；（口）有道理，讲得通add up to (= amount to )总计为，等于in addition (= as well)又，另外（相当于连接副词）in addition to (= besides)除之外（还有）（用作复合介词，后接n./pron./v.ing）Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。All the money I owe you adds up to 50.In additionto French, he has to study Japanese. 除了法语外，他还得学日语。2. expression n.C表情；C，U表达（能力）Mary looked at the picture with an expression of surprise. 玛丽惊讶地看着这幅图片。词组 beyond expression 无法形容/表达 give expression to 表现出，表达出express vt.表示，表达Toms astonishment was beyond expression. 汤姆的惊讶是无法形容的。John seldom gives expression to his feelings. 约翰很少表露自己的感情。Lets express our warmest welcome to you. 让我们向你表示最热列的欢迎。Lesson 11. gifted adj.有天赋的，有才华的She is a naturally gifted sportswoman. 她是一名具有天赋的女运动员。知识拓展 gift n. C礼物，赠品；天才，天赋；极容易做的事，极便宜的东西vt.赠送have a gift for. . . 有的天赋be gifted in 在方面有天赋Some people think Susan Boyle has a gift for music. 有些人认为苏珊大妈有音乐天赋。At five dollars, it is a gift! 只卖五美元，那真是便宜！Lang Lang is highly gifted in music. 郎朗在音乐方面极有天赋。2. promise vt.& vi承诺，答应；可能，预示promise n. 承诺，诺言；吉兆，迹象promisingadj .有希望的，有前途的Dont worry . I promise to do just as you say . 别担心，我照你说的做就是了。“I promise you I will tell no one, ” he said.“我答应你，不告诉任何人，”他说。Dropping ears of rice promise another good harvest. 沉甸甸的稻穗预示着又一次丰收。As a youth he showed no promise of becoming a great pianist . 少年时，他未显示出将来可能成为一个伟大的钢琴家的迹象。词组 promise (sb) thatclause答应某人 promiseto ben./adj. 有希望，预示着 make a promise许诺 keep a promise信守诺言 break a promise违背诺言 carry out a promise履行诺言Father promised me to buy a new bike but he didnt permit me to do it myself. 父亲答应我买一辆新自行车，但他不允许我自己去买。3. predict vt.预言，预测，预示Unemployment is predicted to increase to 700，000 by the end of the year. 据预测，到年底失业人数会增长到七十万人。predictionn.C，U预言，预言的事He was unwilling to make a prediction about which books would sell in the coming year. 他不愿意预测哪些书籍将在未来一年出售。4. deserve vt. 应受，值得 deserven./pron./to do 值得，应受 deserve doingdeserve to be done应该被（后面接动名词，用主动形式表达被动意义）If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.If you do wrong, you deserve punishing.If you do wrong, you deserve to be punished. 如果你做错事，就应受罚。Congratulations again on your promotion . You deserve it. 再度恭喜你升职。你是当之无愧的。知识拓展表示“需要”的动词need，want，require及worth之后的动名词也用主动形式表示被动意义。5. mistaken adj. 错误的You are mistaken if you think hes clever. 如果你认为他聪明，那你就错了。mistaken.错误 v. 弄错，误会 by mistake 错误地 make a mistake 犯错误 mistakefor 把误认为 be mistaken about sth.把某事弄错6. thus adv. 如此，这样，因此，从而There has been no rainthus, the crops are dying. 天没下雨，因此庄稼要枯死了。He didnt work hard and thus was fired. 他工作不努力，因而被解雇了。The new machine, as is put in the report, will work twice as fast, thus greatly reducing costs. 正如报道指出，这个新机器运转比以前快一倍，因此极大降低成本。7. in terms of 就而言，从方面It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。In terms of money, hes quite rich; but not in terms of happiness. 就金钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然。词组in the long(short)term从长远（目前）来看；come to terms(with sb./sth.)与达成协议，忍受、屈服于In the short term well lose money, but in the long term well make a profit. 短期内我们会亏损，但从长远看我们会盈利。8. accusevt. 控告，谴责 accuse sb. of (doing) sth 指责/控告某人（做）某事The lady accuse the young man of stealing her cell phone. 那位女士指责那个小伙子偷了她的手机。The man was accused of murder. 那个人被指控犯了谋杀罪。知识拓展“vt. + sb. + of sth.”结构归纳：rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西；cheat sb. of sth. 骗某人的东西；inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事；remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事；warn sb.of sth. 警告某人某事；suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人某事.He robbed the shop of ten bikes. 他抢劫了那家商店10辆自行车。They cheat the old man of his house. 他们骗取了那个老人的房屋。Could I remind you of emailing me. 我可否提醒你给我发邮件？二文中要点探究Lesson11. It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. 人们普遍认为高情商的人善于接受新思想，对生活持积极的态度。要点探究It is believed that 意为“人们相信/认为”，属于“It is过去分词that从句”结构。在这个结构中，it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。report，say，consider，think，expect等也有此用法。It is /was believed/said/reported/considered/thought/that主语谓语其他成分主语is/was believed/said/reported/considered/thoughtto do/to be doing/It is believed that spring is the best season. Spring is believed to be the best season. 人们认为春天是最好的季节。Its believed that they can finish the task ahead of time. 人们相信他们能够提前完成这项任务。 Lesson 2 一. 课后词汇讲解 1. characteristic n.C 特点，特性，特征 adj. 特有的，典型的What is the notable characteristic of the pineapple? 菠萝的显著特征是什么？be characteristic of 表现的特点，具有的特点He is in many ways characteristic of the age when he lived. 他在许多方面表现他所生活的时代的特点。character n.U，C 特点；性格，品质；人物，角色；字体He has a weak character, but a winning personality. 他尽管性格脆弱，但却有好胜的个性。characterizevt.表示的特点；描述的特征2.sharp adj. 锋利的，敏锐的，强烈的，急剧的a sharp knifeMany resort areas have suffered a sharp loss of business. 不少旅游胜地的生意遭受了巨大损失。The famous writer is still sharp in thought though he has reached the age of ninety-two. 这位著名作家虽已是92岁高龄，但仍然思维敏捷。sharp adv. (时刻)整，准；急剧，猛然at 8:00 sharpThe road turns sharp to the left.公路向左急转弯。sharpen v. 削尖，（使）变锐利3. care about 在乎，关心，担心I dont care about the price, so long as the car is in good condition. 我不计较价钱，只要车况好就行了。The first attempt may fail,but we dont care about that. 第一次尝试可能会失败，但是我们并不为此担忧。 辨析：care about / care for 两者都有“关心”的意思，但用法不同。care about 意为“关心，介意，在乎”，指由于某事重要或因责任所在而关心、计较，或指由于喜欢、爱某人而担心他们发生什么事。一般用于否定句或疑问句中。care for 意为“关心，照顾，喜欢，愿意”，作“关心，照顾”解时，多用于肯定句；作“喜欢，愿意，想要”解时，多用于否定或疑问句。Would you care for a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗？4. independent adj. 独立的，自主的 be independent of 脱离而独立，不依赖You should learn to be independent of your parents. 你应该学习不要依赖父母。Although she is young,she is very independent. 虽然她很年轻，但是却很有主见。 independence n.U 独立，自主，自立Independence for Chinese children from their parents seems difficult at home. 中国孩子在家很难脱离父母而独立。dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的； be dependent on 依靠，随而定；dependence n.依靠，依赖The country is dependent on foreign aid. 这个国家靠外援生存 5. give up vt. & vi. 放弃，交出，宣布无法医治 give up doing 不再/放弃做 give sth. up to sb. 把某物让给某人At no time should you give up studying. 在任何时候你都不应该放弃读书。The doctors gave my uncle up,but he survived. 医生们认为我叔叔的病无法治好，但他却活了下来。We had to give up the castle to the enemy. 我们只得把城堡拱手让给了敌人。 词组give out 发出（声、光、热、信号等），公布，发表；用完，筋疲力尽，停止起作用give away 泄露，赠送，分发；失去（机会）give back归还，恢复（健康等）give in（to）(向)屈服/让步，接受give off 放出（气体、液体、烟等）give over 交托，移交give ones life for为献身give way(to)(给)让路6. require vt. 需要，要求，命令 require sth./+ that 从句 需要 require（need/want）doing/to be done 某事需要被做 require sb. of sth. 要求某人某事 require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事Their suggestion requires careful thought. 他们的建议需要仔细考虑。The floor requires washing/to be washed. 这地板该洗了。The court required that he should pay the fine. 法院下令他交付罚款。All the passengers are required to show their tickets before they board the plane. Please let us know in case of further requirement. 如果有进一步的需要，请通知我们。二文中要点探究1. Which student believes that people who work with computer s are not athletic but they have to be creative? 哪个学生认为做计算机工作的人不善于运动，但必须很有创造力？要点探究这是一个主从复合句。主句是which引导的特殊疑问句；that people.are not .creative是一个宾语从句；在宾语从句中，含有一个定语从句who work with computers 修饰先行词people。 Lesson 3 一. 课后词汇讲解 tear n. C 眼泪，泪珠（常用复数）He ran home in tears to his mother. 他流着泪跑回家去找妈妈。 tearvt.&vi. 流泪；撕，扯，撕裂，扯破Her heart was torn by anxiety. 她焦急得心都快被撕裂了。词组in tears 含着泪，哭着burst into tears 突然哭起来tear sth. to pieces 把某物撕成碎片tear sth. open 把某物撕开tear sth.down 扯下，拆毁tear sth.off 扯掉tear apart 撕开，拆散tear up 撕毁，撕碎，取消（合同）tear oneself away (from) 勉强使自己离开upset adj.心烦，不安的vt.& vi. 打翻；打乱（计划安排等）；使苦恼 be upset about/over/at sth. 对感到心烦意乱的/不愉快的 be upset that. be upset with sb.He was upset about the situation the family was in. 他对这家人的处境感到不安。Our arrangement for the weekend was upset by her sudden visit. 她的突然来访打乱了我们周末的安排。fault n. C, U缺点，错误；过失，责任 find fault with sb./sth. 对某人或某事挑毛病，吹毛求疵It was not my fault that I was late. 这次迟到不是我的错辨析：fault, mistake, error, wrong这四个词都可表示“错误”，但侧重点不同；fault常常指人在性格上或办事方式上的“缺点”“毛病”，强调过失的责任，用于物时指瑕疵、毛病。mistake 是常用词，表示“错误、误会、误解”等，着重强调判断、理解及考虑不周造成行为或认识的错误，不含责任意味。常用短语by mistake,意思是“错误地”。error强调违反某一标准做的错事，特指文字、文件不符合标准，也包括道德上的错误。常用但与为in error，意思是“弄错了”。wrong 作名词时，指“坏事，冤屈，不道德、犯罪”。常用短语为do wrong to sb./do sb. wrong,意思是“对待某人不公平、冤枉某人、委屈某人”。explore v. 钻研；调查；勘察We must explore all the possibilities for the solution to the problem. 我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能性。Have you really exploredyour nearest town? 你真的已经考察了离你们那儿最近的城镇了吗？explorern. 探险家，探测者explorationn. 探险，勘探，探测explorativeadj. 探险的，探测的shelter vt. 庇护，保护 vi. 躲避，避难 shelter (sb./sth.) from 保护（人/物）不受These plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight .这种植物必须遮起来，免受阳光直射。 shelter n.C,U庇护所，避难所，庇护，住处 be a shelter from 成为躲避的处所 take shelter from 躲避People are hurrying home to take shelterfrom the cold .人们匆匆回家避寒。relief n.U（痛苦、忧虑等）减轻或解除；救济（品）；宽慰What a relief !真叫人宽慰！ to ones relief 令人感欣慰的是 for the relief of 为了救济The cool room provided relief from the terrible heat outdoors. 凉爽的屋子缓和了户外的炎热。They send relief to those who were made homeless by floods. 他们给水灾中无家可归的人发送救援物资。relievevt.减轻，解除；救济；使宽慰 relieve sb. of解除某人的（负担、责任等）The bypass relives traffic jams in our city center. 这条旁道缓解了我们城市中心的交通了阻塞情况。 Lesson 4 一. 课后词汇讲解 allergic adj. 过敏的，反感的 be allergic to 对过敏/敏感；对反感The little baby is allergic to milk. 这个婴儿对牛奶过敏。I am allergic to lazy Tom. 我很反感懒惰的汤姆。 allergyn.过敏反应；过敏症He has an allergy to seafood. 他对海鲜过敏。glance vi&n. 浏览，瞥一眼，扫视He glanced at the newspaper headlines and then put it down. 他游览了一下报纸上的大标题，然后就放下了。词组glance at/over/through 游览；匆匆看一眼glance off 擦过；掠过at a glance 一看就，看一眼便at first glance 乍一眼；第一眼就take/have a glance at 匆匆看一眼At first glancethe place seemed deserted. 乍一看，这地方似乎被废弃了。辨析：glance, glimpseglance多指有意识地“看一下或瞥一眼”，常与at连用。glimpse多指无意误解的“瞥见”，是glance的结果。作动词时与see一样多为及物动词。作名词时常构成catch/get a glimpse of结构意为“瞥见”He glanced atthe audience nervously but didnt catch a glimpse of his mother. 他紧张地看了一眼观众但没瞥见他母亲。leave sb./sth. behind 忘记带，留下；使落后，丢在后面He left behinda pair of glasses and some books. 他的一副眼镜和一些书籍忘记带上了。The rabbit was left behind in the race between the tortoise and the rabbit. 在龟兔赛跑中，兔子落在了后面。 leave sb/sth out 遗漏，省略，删去；未顾及，忽略 In copying this document, be careful not to leave out any word. 抄写这份文件时，当心不要漏掉任何词。 leave aboutHe likes leave things about. 他总喜欢把东西到处乱放。 leave for sth出发去(某地) accountant n.C会计人员，会计，会计师She works as an accountantin a bank. 她在一家银行做会计师。 accountn.（银行）账目；描写，叙述；报道；原因I opened an account with the Peoples Bank of China. 我在中国人民银行开立了一个账户。The two accounts of the accident do not agree. 有关这次事故的两则报道不一致。He retired on account of poor health.由于身体不好他退休了。 accountvi. 解释；说明，常与for连用His laziness accountsfor his failure. 他的懒惰说明了他失败的原因。词组on account of 因为，由于account for 解释；说明on no account 决不take account of =takeinto account 考虑到On no account will I do it.我决不做这件事。They had take account ofevery possibility when making the plan.他们在制订计划时把各种可能性都考虑到了。二文中要点探究After confirming that I was ,Jenny said that she had noticed Id left my book in the library and as my name was in it , shed asked a librarian to get my phone number from their files. 在确定我是简后，詹妮说她发现我把书留在了图书馆，因为书上有我的名字，她让图书管理员从档案中找到了我的电话号码.要点探究(1) 本句主干是“Jenny said +that引导的宾语从句”。这个宾语从句是由 and 连接的并列复合句。Idlibrary是省略了引导词 that的宾语从句；asit是原因状语从句。(2) confirmvt.证实，确认；使巩固，加强；批准，认可，使有效It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.已经确定会议下周召开。I couldnt help laughing at this and I invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea . 听了这话，我禁不住笑了，然后我邀请她去我家喝杯茶。要点探究couldnt/cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事，禁不住要做某事Wecouldnt help laughingwhen we heard the funny story. 当我们听到那个有趣的故事时，情不自禁地笑了。He is such a lovely boy that you cant help liking him. 这个男孩如此可爱你会禁不住喜欢上他。词组cant help (to)do sth. 不能帮助做某事cant help it 没办法，控制不了I cant help butobey the order. 我没办法，只好服从命令。We cant help itif he doesnt turn up. 他不来我们没有办法。I cant help thinking hes lying ,so I cant help (to) apologize for him. 我禁不住认为他在撒谎，所以我不能代替他道歉。Communication Workshop & Culture Corner 课后词汇讲解 judge(1) v. 断定；判断，认为You cant judge a person by his appearance.你不能以貌取人。(2) vt. 评判，评审The headmaster himself will judgethe competition. 校长将亲自担任这次比赛区评委。(3) n. 法官；审判员；裁判员They took the thief to the judge. 他们把小偷带到了法官面前。知识拓展judge by/from 从来判断Judging from his accent, he is from the South. 从他的口音来判断，他是南方人。judg(e)mentn. 判断，评价in ones judgement 照某人看来except for 除之外，若不是The meal was excellent except forthe first course. 这顿饭好极了，只是第一道菜稍差。She is pretty except forthe fact that her eyes are too big . 若不是她的眼睛太大，她是很漂亮的。辩析: except for , except, but , besides这组词都可表示“除之外”但含义不尽相同：except for 主要有两层含义：表示不同类别的事物进行比较；表示人或物在总体上是好的，只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽如人意。用于句子时，含义与except相同。The carpet is good except for its price. 地毯很好，只是价钱太高。（前后的名词不同类）except 表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去，即排除同类中的一分子或从整体中除去一部分”，表示递减的概念，含义是否定的。Everybody except John was able to answer the question. 除了约翰之外，每个人都回答出了问题。（前后的名词同类）but表示“排除在外，不包含在内”，相当于except, 但它通常与某些不定代词如nothing, all, anything, no one, anyone等连用。He could do nothing but /except walk home .(but前若有实义动词do，则后面接不带to的不定式)=He had no choice but to walk home .(but前若没有实义动词 do，则后面接带 to的不定式 ) 他只好走着回家了besides表示“除了之外，还有”，指“在整体中加入一部分”，表示递加的概念，含义是肯定的。常与 also , else ,other 等词连用。另外besides还可用作副词表示“此外，而且”。Besides tennis ,he also plays basketball and football. 除网球之外，他还打篮球和踢足球。C. devote vt. 献身于，专心致志于 devoteto把献给，把用在，为付出（时间、努力等） devote oneself to/be devoted to献身于，致力于，专心于She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 她把自己的一生都奉献给予了关于中国妇女和儿童的医疗事业。He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将自己的一生奉献给了音乐。