高一英语知识点总结Unit17-18(附练习).pdf

英语网英语网 1/21高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析高一英语各单元知识点总结及重难点解析Unit17-18重点句型1.What is to be done when something gets into your eyes?2.It is much too expensive.3.Its fast and clean and it does.4.I was beginning to,think that the experiment would not work.5.Tie the corner of the handkerchief to the points of the cross and you will have a nice strong kite.6.It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.7.For women it sometimes seems twice as much.8.I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased so much that I had to put my tent up before the winds became too strong.重点词汇1.scholarship n.奖学金；学问2.graduation n.毕业3.surround v.包围；围绕4.central adj.中心的；中央的5.mild adj.温和的6.settle vt.使定居；解决；使平静7.harbour n.海港8.volcano n.火山9.surface n.表面 英语网英语网 2/2110.ship v.用船运11.export v.输出12.agricultural n.农业的；农艺的13.possession n.拥有；占有14.secretary n.秘书；文书15.conference n.会议；讨论会16.cattle n.牛；牲畜17.inspire v.鼓舞；启示；激发18admire v.钦佩；羡慕19.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的20.mean adj吝啬的；卑鄙的21.dishonest adj.不诚实的22.champion n.冠军；得胜者23.stormy adj.暴风雨的24.threaten vt.威胁25.bottom n.底部26.optimistic adj.乐观的27.somehow adv.以某种方式；不知怎么地28.regret v.遗憾；悔恨29.value v.重视；评价30.bother v.烦扰；打扰重点短语 英语网英语网 3/211.increase to.增加到2.become of sb./sth.某人/某物发生情况3.be about to do sth.马上要做某事4.struggle to ones knees 挣扎站起来5.around the comer 即将来临；就在附近6.refer to 涉及到；谈到；查阅7.clear up(天气)放晴；整理8.die down(风、火、光)等渐弱，(声音)静下来e to terms with 甘心忍受，妥协10.rise to fame 出名11.take possession of 占有，占领12.sign an agreement with 和签定协议13.turn to doing 转为做14.in relation to 与有关；关于15.as it is 以现在的样子16.lie in/to/on 位于17.the majority of 大多数18.at the top of ones voice 高声地19.drop out 脱离；退出pare.with 和比较短语闯关下列短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你根据汉语在横线上填入一个正确的词，英语网英语网 4/21每个词 4 分，80 分才能过关你一定能过关，做好了闯关的准备吗?那么我们就开始吧?1.(just)_ the corner 即将来临；在拐角处；就在附近2.die _ 变弱；平息；消失e _ terms with 甘心忍受(不愉快的处境)；妥协，让步4._ possession of 占有；占领5.make _ 组成，构成；编造；虚构6.turn _ 开始干；求助于；转向；翻到多少页7.go _ 驾船航行；进行帆船运动8.go _ 宿营9._ high quality 质量很高10.sign an _ with 与签订协议11.have a population _有多少人口12._ relation to 关于；涉及；与有关13.rise to _ 出名14.drop _下沉；沉落；掉落；退出；不参加15.be thankful _ 因感谢16._ the top of ones voice 高声地17.be _ good health 身体状况良好18.struggle _ ones knees/feet 挣扎着站起来19.struggle _ 挣扎着渡过(难关)20.blow _ 吹走21.become _ 某人(某事物)发生情况；怎么对立 英语网英语网 5/2122.be known _ 因而著名23._ far 到目前为止24.hang _ 紧紧握住某物25.be marked _ 以为特征交际用语1.She seems to me to be the kind of women who.2.The impression she makes on me is.3.I think she is the kind of person who.4.It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.5.It sometimes seems twice as difficult.6.New Zealand is an important agricultural country,with cattle farming on the North Isle.7.Some farmers have turned to keeping deer.单词聚焦【考点 2】admire 的用法 构词：admiration n.钦佩，赞美，羡慕 admirer n.羡慕者，赞赏者，敬慕者 搭配：admire sb.for sth.赞赏钦佩某人 express admiration for 对表示钦佩 in admiration of 赞美，赏识 with admiration 羡慕地 英语网英语网 6/21【考例 2】NMET 1993 And Mrs.Clarke was greatly_ at the club for the successful self-protectton.A.surprised B.admiredC.inspired D.supported考查目标 本题考查 admire 的词义。答案与解析B 这句话说的是“由于 Mrs.Clarke 的自我保护行为，她得到了人们的尊重”。【考点 7】affect 的用法 构词：affection n.友爱，爱情 affective adj.情感的表达感情的 affected adj.受到影响的，受(疾病)侵袭的，假装的，做作的 搭配:be affected by 受影响；被感动；患【考例 7】2005 成都模拟 He probably didnt know how much the car was going to _ American culture.A.affect B.afford C.effort D.effect考查目标 本题考查 affect 的词义。答案与解析A affect 具有动词词性词义是“影响”，它的名词形式是 effecy。【考点 5】bear 的用法 搭配：bear in mind 牢记在心 辨析：bear;suffer;endure;stand 这组动词都有“忍受”的意思。bear 和 suffer 可以表示“对强加的任何东西的忍受”，bear 侧重于表示“忍受沉重或堆办的事”。而 suffer 侧重于表示“忍受或经受令人不愉快的、甚至于痛苦的事”。例如：In the end,I could not bear it.最后，我受不了啦。英语网英语网 7/21When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette,it was more than I could bear.当老朋友布赖恩怂恿我接受一支香烟时，我就受不住了。endure 强调“长时间的忍受痛苦而不屈服”。例如：What cant be cured must be endured.治不好的病就必须忍受。Travelers in space have to endure many discomforts intheir rockets.宇宙旅行家不得不在火箭中忍受许多不舒适的东西。stand 表示“忍受令人生厌的事”。例如：Considering his home situation,he had to tolerate his wife.考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子。stand 常与 bear 通用，如果用词确切，stand 总包含着“不退让”、“不畏缩”的“忍受”之意。例如：He can stand more pain than anyone else I know.他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。He stood the test of war.他经受住了战争的考验。【考例 5】NMET 1999 Harry Fields also studying biology said they wanted to make as much noise as possl-ble t0 force the government officials to realize whateverybody was having to _.A.stand B.accept C.know D.share考查目标 本题考查 bear 的近义词 stand 的词义用法。答案与解析A bear 和 stand 在很多场合可以换用，意思是“忍受，经得起”。3.inspire vt.鼓舞，激励，启示inspiring 鼓舞人心的His advice insoired her to greater efforts.他的忠告激励她更加努力。The memory of her childhood inspired her first novel.儿时的回忆促使她写成第一本小说。英语网英语网 8/21词组 inspire sb.to sth.赋予某人灵感【考点 4】promise 的用法 构词：promising adj.有希望的，有前途的 搭配：break ones/a promise 违背诺言，违约 make/give a promlse 答应，许诺 keep ones/a promise 遵守诺言，守约 I promise you.我敢肯定；说句老实话；我警告你。promise oneself 决心，指望，期待 promise well 很有希望，前景很好【考例 4】2004 湖南I drove Dad into Mijas,and _ to pick him up at 4 pm,then dropped off the car at the garage.A.agreed B.plannedC.determined D.promised考查目标 本题考查 promise 的词义。答案与解析 D 从上下文来看，这句话说的不是“同意”或“决心”而是“答应”、“许诺”。4.regret vi.遗憾，惋惜，悔恨 n.遗憾，抱歉 regretful adj.后悔的I regret to do sth.遗憾地做某事I regret doing sth.后悔做了某事I regret spending so much money on a computer.我后悔花了这么多钱买这台电脑。How I regretted having wasted so much time playing.我多么后悔把许多时间都浪费在玩上。I regret to say I can not come.我遗感地告诉你我不能来。英语网英语网 9/21【考点 3】regret 的用法 构词：regretful adj.后悔的，抱歉的，惋惜的，遗憾的 regretfully adv.懊悔地，抱歉地 regretless adj.无悔的，不后悔的，没有遗憾的 搭配：to ones regret 令某人遗憾的是 regret(to tell you/say)that.遗憾；很抱歉 It is to be regretted that.使人遗憾的是；真可惜 regret doing sth 后悔干了某事【考例 3】2004 重庆 This scar will be lasting,but to this day,I have never _ what I did.A.forgot B.recognizedC.considered D.regretted考查目标 本题考查 regret 的词义。答案与解析 D regret 的意思是“后悔”。从本句的句意可以看出，主人公对过去的事始终不后悔。【考点 1】run 的用法 构词：running n.奔跑，赛跑。转动运转 runner n.赛跑者 搭配：run for 竞选 英语网英语网 10/21 run sb off sbs feet 使疲于奔命 run across 偶然遇到 run after 追逐，追踪 run into 碰撞；遇上偶然遇到；陷于。碰上(困境、麻烦等)run out 用光，耗尽(不及物)run out of 用光耗尽【考例 1】2004 北京 All we did during practice was_.A.jump B.play C.run D.shoot考查目标 本题考查 run 的词义。答案与解析C 在本句中 run 作 was 的表语。这是一个与上文承接的细节。2.settle vi.安放，安居，定居 vt.解决My son has settled in Beijing.我儿子已定居在北京。After years 0travelling,they decided to settle down here.旅行多年以后，他们决定定居下来。They settled the dispute among themselves.他们自己把这个争论解决了。词组 settle down 安下心来settle into 习惯于settle up 结清【考点 6】settle 的用法 构词：settled adj.固定的，不变的，永久的；(账单上)付讫结讫 settlement n.殖民，移民；定居点；和解，解决，决定；清算，清账；财产的赠与 英语网英语网 11/21settler n.定居者 搭配：That settles it!(口)事情就这样定了!这就完了!settle down(使)平静下来；(活动一段时间后)舒舒服服地坐下，躺下；定居。成家s ettle(down)to sth 安下心来做某事 settle to do sth 决定去做某事【考例 6】2004 辽宁.,and laws had to be made to protect the water rights of the _ and the use of the water resources accordinglyA.winners B.settlersC.fighters D.supporters考查目标 本题考查 settle 派生词的用法。答案与解析B settle 的名词形式之一是 settler，意思是“定居者”。1.surround vt.包围，环绕be surrounded by/with 被围住The village is surrounded on all sides by hill.这个村子四面环山。She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends.她周围总有许多爱赶时髦的朋友。拓展 surrounding adj.附近的；四周的The students in our school come from the surrounding area.我们学校的学生来自周边地区。surroundings n.常用复数形式，意为“环境”。The surroundings a child grows up in may have aneffect on his development.小孩生长的环境会影响他的发展。5.value n.价值；重要性 英语网英语网 12/21You must realise the value of the dictionary.你必须意识到这本字典的重要性。be of(no)value 有(无)价值拓展 value n.评价，重视，珍视，估价How do you value him as a teacher?照你的评价他是个怎样的老师?We valued the house at$30,000.我们估计这栋房子值 3 万美元。I value your friendship very highly.我非常珍惜你的友谊。牛刀小试 1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(run,admire,regret,bear,promise,settle,affect)1.The noise was so great that most of the children couldnt _.2.-Jackie wont come to see you this afternoon.-But he _.3.The company my cousin _ was closed last year,leaving a lot of debt.4.I only _ that I have too little money to buy a house for you.5.A group of tourists from Taiwan _ the view when it began to rain.6.At last they in the west of America and started their hard life.7.It is the bad weather that _ the goats life in this area.词语比较1.jommey,voyage,tour,travel,trip(1)journey n.“旅行，旅程”，指陆地的远程旅行。At first I was afraid the long joumey was too much for her.I wish you a good journey.祝你一路平安。英语网英语网 13/21(2)tour n.常指观光、考察等的环游旅行。They fire on a wedding tour.他们正在新婚旅行。(3)trip n.“旅行”，指来往有定的短距离旅行。I enjoy our trip to the seaside.I cant afford a trip to Korea(4)voyage n.“旅行”，指距离较长的漫长旅行，也可指空中旅行。He made a long voyage t0 Africa(5)travel 泛指旅行各地，表示“旅行的路途远，时问长”。He came home after years 0f foreign travel.多年在旧外旅行之后他回来 r。2.alone,lonely(1)alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意为“独自的(地)，单独的(地)”，侧重于说明独自一个人，没有同伴或助手，指的是客观情况。alone 用作形容词时，一般与 be 动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home.她一个人在家。He is not alone in this idea.有这种想法的不只是他一个人。alone 用作副词时，修饰动词，放于动词后面作状语。Han Mei was reading alone when the teacher came into the classroom.alone 用作副词也可作定语，意为“只有，仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。He alone was in the street.This year alone,weve already planted ten thousand trees.(2)lonely 只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，又可作表语，表示“孤独的，寂寞的”意思，该词带有浓厚的感情色彩，具有“渴望得到同伴”的含义，其比较级形式为lonelier。英语网英语网 14/21 lonely 用作定语时，意为“孤单的，无伴侣的，荒凉的，偏僻的”。At heart,Im a lonely man.内心深处，我很孤独。Thats a lonely island.那足个孤岛。lonely 用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的，寂寞的”意思。We never feel lonely in America.在美国我们从不觉得孤独。I was alone,but I didnt feel lonely.我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。3.almost,nearly(1)almost 一般指事实的陈述，而 nearly 则带有一定的感情色彩。The book cost me almost 30 yuan.(只陈述事实)The honk costme nearly 30 yuan.(指嫌贵的意思)(2)almost 后可跟 never,no,none,nobody,nothing 等具有否定意义的词，而 nearly 不能。Almost noone got to school on time yesterday.(3)在 more than,any,too 之前通常用 almost，而不用 nearly。Almost more than ten students failed in the exam.不及格的学生几乎不止十个。(4)nearly 之前可用 very,not,pretty 修饰，而 almast 则不能。Its very nearly dark.Lets go home.灭怏黑了，咱们刚家吧!注意 有时 almost 与 nearly 町以互换，但如果要表达“差一点儿”，还足用 almost 确切。【短语归类】7.around the corner 就在附近，即将来临，发生Victory is just around the comer;make one more effort.胜利即将来临，再努一把力。The bank is around the comer,you cant miss it.银行就在附近，你不会错过它的。英语网英语网 15/21拓展 cut corners 偷工减料cut the corner 抄近路6.die down 变弱，渐熄，逐渐消失The excitement died down as time went by.随着时间的过去，激动心情渐渐平息下来。The noise has died down.喧闹声小下来了。The wind has died down obviously.风已明显减弱了。拓展 die out 死光，灭绝，消失The fire died out.火灭了。die away 指(风，声音)逐渐消失The noises of the bovs died away.男孩子们的吵闹声消失了。die for 为而死；渴望；切望【考点 l】含make+介词副词”的短语 make for 走向，有助于 make into 把制成 be made from/of/in/by/out of 由制成 make up 弥补，拼凑成，组成，铺(床)。捏造虚构 make out 填写，完成，设法应付，领悟，弄明白，发现真相 make over 转让，改造例句 How did he make out while his wife was away?他妻子不在家时他足怎么生活的?We made up the bed in the spare room for our guest.我们在空着的房间里给客人铺好床。I couldnt remember a story to tell the children,so I made one up as I went along.我想不出有什么故事可给孩子讲了，只好现编现讲。英语网英语网 16/21We are making our attic into an extra bedroom.我们正在把阁楼装成一间额外的卧室。Constant arguing doesnt make for a happy marriage.经常争吵不利于维系美满的婚姻。【考例 1】(2003 北京春招)The idea puzzled me so muchthat I stopped for a few seconds to try to _.A.make it out B.make it offC.make it up D.make it over考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。答案与解析A make out 领悟。弄明白。发现真相；make off 连忙跑掉；make up 弥补。打扮，组成；make over 转让，改造。本句意为：因为受到迷惑。所以应该试图发现真相。9.make up 组成，构成，补充，编造The workers and peasants make up the majority of thepopulationn of our country.工人和农民占我国人口的大多数。We must make up his loss somehow.我们必须想办法弥补他的损失。The whole story is made up.这个事情完全是虚构出来的。The actor made himself uD as an old peasant.这个演员把自己化装成一个老农民。8.take up 对产生兴趣；从事；占用Her time is fully taken uD with writing.她的时间完全被写作占满了。This table takes uD too much room.这张桌子太占地方。拓展 bring up 抚养，教育 come up 上来，抬头 eat up 吃光 end up 结束 keep up 保持 make up 组成，弥补 pick up 拣起 put up 张贴 stay up 熬夜，挺住 set up 建立 turn up 出现 wake up 醒来【考点 2】含“with 构成的动词短语”be fed up with 厌倦 英语网英语网 17/21 be filled with 充满 catch up with 赶上 come up with 找到，提出(答案、解决办法等)get on well with 与相处融洽 quarrel with 吵架 stay/keep/be in touch with 与保持联系 end up with 以告终 keep up with 跟上，赶上 come to terms with 甘心忍受。使自己顺从于某事物 talk with 与某人交谈 agree with 同意意见(想法)，符合，一致 disagree with 不同意 struggle/fight with 和战斗斗争 work with 用干，和工作 put up with 忍受例句 Filled with smoke,the room is not pleasant to stay in.房间里烟雾弥漫，在里面呆着不舒服。She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她想出了增加销售量的新主意。Youll just have to come to terms with the fact that you are fired.你不得不接受的现实情况是你被解雇了。The child was fed up with listening to tim same story.孩子厌烦听同一个故事。I cant keep up with all the changes in computer technology计算机技术的各种改进有些我已经跟不上了。【考例 2】(2001 京、蒙、皖春招)Would you slow down a bit,please?I cant _ you.A.keep up with B.put up with 英语网英语网 18/21C.make up to D.hold on to考查目标 此题主要考查四个短语的意思。答案与解析A keep up with 跟上；put up with 忍受；make up to 是错误搭配；hold on to 坚持。本句话意思是“请你慢一点儿好吗?我跟不上”。【考点 3】含“动词构成的 of 短语”be afraid of 害怕 be proud of 以自豪 be full of 充满 hear of 听说 make use of 利用 speak highly of 称赞 think highly of 对高度评价 take care of 照顾，照料 think of 认为，想起 take possession of 占有，占领 be sure of 对有把握 rob.of.抢劫 think of.a.认为是牛刀小试 41.There are many islands _ the northwest coast of Scotland,which lies _ the north of Eng-land.m.to;on B.on;toC.off;in D.off;to 英语网英语网 19/212.-Ann has _;you cant trust her with any secrets.-Really?Then I will be more careful next time.A.quick mouth B.big mouthC.a poor mouth D.a big mouth3.-What do you think of the picture _ left?-I must say it is really very good.A.of B.on C.in D.at4.-What is your new teacher like?-_.A.She likes singingB.She doesnt like sportsC.She seems very kind to usD.Shes fallen ill精典题例 1.-Do you like _ here?-Oh,yes.The air,the weather,the way of life.Everything is so nice.(NMET 2004)A.this B.theseC.that D.it【解析】选 D 本题考查 it 的特殊用法，it 在这里指模糊的情形、环境、状况。其余代词指具体事物、2._ two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)A.With B.Besides 英语网英语网 20/21C.As for D.Because of【解析】选 A 本题考查 with 结构的用法，在句中 with 结构作状语 3.For the sake of her daughters health,she decided to move to a warm _.A.weather B.temperatureC.season D.climate【解析】选 D 这道题考查几个名词的用法，句意是“为了女儿的健康，她决定搬迁到气候比较温暖的地方去”，weather 泛指气候或天气，是不可数名词，而 climate 则强调某个地区的天气或气候。4.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found_ in the kitchen.A.smoke B.smokingC.to smoke D.smoked【解析】选 B 这道题考查 find 的用法，动词 find 后面经常跟形容词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语作宾语补足语，跟现在分词和过去分词的区别在于：前者表示主动和动作持续进行，后者表示被动和动作已经完成，当主语十谓语+宾语+宾语补足语变为被动语态时，宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。5.All the employees except the manager _ to work online at home.(2004 广东)A.encourages B.encourageC.is encouraged D.are encouraged【解析】选 D 本题考查主谓一致与时态，本句的主语是 employees。6.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday_ yet.(2003 上海春招)A.are not decidedB.have not been decidedC.is not being decidedD.has not been decided 英语网英语网 21/21【解析】选 D 由 what，who，why，how，when 等“wh-”引导的名词性分句作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数两个由 and 连接的并列名词性分句如果表示一件事情谓语动词要用单数。7.The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.(2004 上海)A.causing B.being causedC.to be caused D.to have caused【解析】选 C 根据 flu 和介词 by 可知应该用被动语态，所以排除 A、D 项，再根据 is believed，可知 C 项为最佳选项，因为 sth.is believed/considere/thought 是英语中的一种常见句式。8.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.(2004 全国)A.where B.whichC.when D.that【解析】选 A 本题考查定语从句的关系词，本句意思为“在她的裤子上，她擦过手的地方，有脏脏的印记”。where 在其引导的定语从句在句中作地点状语。9.Dont leave the water _ while you brush your teeth.(2004 天津)A.run B.runningC.being run D.to run【解析】选 B 本句考查 leave+名词+现在分词过去分词结构，水流出来属于主动行为，所以要用 runniikg。10.-Is this rain