高中英语人教版必修一Unit-4知识点汇总及强化练习.pdf

WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有Unit 4 Earthquakes单元要点预览单元要点预览词语辨析1.congratulate/celebrate2.destroy/ruin/damage/harm3.rise/raise/lift4.hurt/injure/wound1.frighten vt.吓唬；使惊吓frightened n.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的2.nation n.民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的词形变化3.suffer v.受苦;吃苦头suffering n.苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者;受难者重点单词1.burst v.&n.爆裂,爆发,突然破裂 2.ruin v.&n.毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）3.rescue n.&vt.援救，营救4.judge n.&v.法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计词汇部分重点词组1.right away 立刻，马上2.at an end 结束，终结3.instead of 代替，而不4.tens of thousands of 数以万计的重点句子1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.2.All hope was not lost.重点语法定语从句 I 词语辨析词语辨析 1.congratulate/celebrate WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有【解释】congratulate 对他人祝贺为目的，侧重以言语表示祝贺。celebrate 通常指举行盛大隆重的仪式庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或某件事情。侧重指以行动来庆祝生日、节日等。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).I _ you on your success.2).We held a party to _ our success.2.destroy/ruin/damage/harm【解释】destroy 表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上的彻底摧毁，使之无法恢复，也可以表示对某物体进行完全的毁坏。ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次性打击的结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值或作用降低或变得无价值、无作用。这种损伤可以是暴力的或一次性破坏的结果，也可以指非暴力的长期损害的结果。harm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、权利、事业等。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).You may get _ in that shop.2).He cant _ her.She sees through him every time.3.rise/raise/lift【解释】rise 普通用词，指具体的抽象的事物由低向高移动。raise 及物动词，多指把某物从低处升到高处。lift 语气比 raise 强，指用体力或机械的力举起或抬起某物。WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).She _ her eyes from her work.2)._ me up,mummy-I cant see.3).The plane was then able to _ and it cleared the mountains by 300 feet.4.hurt/injure/wound【解释】hurt 一般用语，即可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神和情感方面的伤害。injure 比 hurt 正式，一般指由于意外或事故而受伤，很少指精神方面的伤害.wound 指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤等，尤指在战争中受伤。【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空1).The soldier was _ in the arm in the war.2).She was _ slightly in an accident during the work.3).I was very much _ at his words.II 词性变化词性变化 1.frighten vt.吓唬；使惊吓frightened n.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐惧的2.nation n.民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的3.suffer v.受苦;吃苦头suffering n.苦难；痛苦sufferer n.受苦者;受难者WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)Hes travelled to the _ of Western Europe.(nation)2)We are talking about _ and international issues.(nation)3）_ children were calling for their mothers.(frighten)4）The child _to death by the violent thunderstorm.(frighten)5）It is even _ to think of the horrors of nuclear war.(frighten)6）We _ huge losses in the financial crisis.(suffer)7)Theyre arthritis _.(suffer)8)There is so much _ in this world.(suffer)重点词汇重点词汇 1.burst v.&n.爆裂,爆发,突然破裂典例 1).The red balloon suddenly burst.那个红色的气球突然爆了。2).The police burst through the door.警察破门而入。3).On hearing the news,Leslie burst into laughter while Tracy burst out crying.一听到这则消息，Leslie 突然大笑，而 Tracy 则突然大哭起来。4).A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束后响起了一阵掌声。重点用法burst into laughter=burst out laughing 突然大笑 burst into tears=burst out crying 突然大哭练习 中译英1).水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。_2).太阳突然从云端里露出来。_2.rescue n.&vt.援救，营救WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有典例 1).The police came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.警察来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。2).The rescue team made countless rescues during the earthquake.营救队在这次地震期间进行了无数次救援。3).Michael rescued a boy from drowning.迈克把溺水的男孩救了起来。重点用法rescue sb./sth.from sb./sp.把.从营救出来come to/go to sbs rescue=rescue sb.援救某人 a rescue team 救援队a rescue mission 救援任务 rescue workers 救援人员练习 用 rescue 的适当形式填空1).The mother,along with her two children,_from the sinking boat by a passing ship.2).The firemen _ five children from the burning house yesterday.3.judge n.&v.法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计典例 1).His father used to be a judge.他的父亲过去是一名法官。2).Shes a good judge of wine.她是鉴别酒的专家。WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有3).The blind cant judge colors.盲人无法判断颜色。4).Dont judge a man by his looks.不要以貌取人。重点用法judge sb./sth.by/from 通过判断as far as I judge 我认为judging from 从来看，根据判断练习 用与 judge 相关的词汇填空1)._his appearance,he must be a rich man.2)._,he must be from the south.4.ruin v.&n.毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）典例 1).The hurricane ruined all the houses here.飓风使这里所有的房屋成为废墟。2).He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。重点用法be in ruins 呈一片废墟 fall into ruin 变成废墟 come to ruin 毁灭，落空 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 bring sb.to ruin 使毁灭练习 中译英1).那建筑物已成断壁残垣。_2).那教堂已破败不堪。_ 重点词组重点词组 1.right away 立刻，马上WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有典例1).Ill return the book to you right away.我会马上还书给你。2).If war breaks out,we shall be called up right away.如果战争爆发，我们将立即被征召服役。短语归纳“立刻，马上”的表达方式：right away，right now，at once，immediately，in no time练习 中译英请立刻把它打印出来。2.at an end 结束，终结（=finished）典例1).The war was finally at an end.战争终于结束了。短语归纳与 end 搭配的常用短语 at the end of 在末尾by the end of 在末为止in the end 最后，终于at a loose end 无所事事，处于杂乱状态make ends meet 收支相抵练习 用 at the end of,by the end of 和 in the end 填空。1).How many English words have you learned _ last term?2).He became an outstanding doctor _.3).My uncle will fly to China _ this year.3.instead of 代替，而不是典例1).The Chinese use chopsticks instead of knives and forks.中国人不用刀叉,用筷子。WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有2).Instead of working,Jack was idling away his time.杰克不去工作,虚度着光阴。3).She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday.她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。短语归纳instead 是副词，单独使用，用于句首或句末作状语，意为“代替；相反”。instead of 是复合介词，后接名词、代词、或动名词，其后面的动作，意为“代替、而不”。in place of 为介词短语，也是“代替、而不”的意思，表“以甲代乙”，不含比，而 instead of 则是“用甲不用乙”，除“代替”外，还有对乙作否定的意思，有时意为“不”。take the place of 作谓语，用在名词、代词前。练习 单项选择。1).Tractors _ horses in many places.A.in place of B.have taken the place of C.instead D.instead of 2).You should be out playing _ working indoors all day.A.in spite of B.take the place of C.instead D.instead of4.tens of thousands of 数以万计的典例 1).Tens of thousands of people were watching the game in the stadium when it began to rain heavily.短语归纳hundreds of 数百的hundreds of and thousands of 成百上千的thousands of 数千的 millions of 数百万的dozens of 许多；大量scores of 许多；大量练习 选择填空1).Every year _ foreign visitors come to China.A.tens of thousands of B.ten thousands ofC.over ten thousands D.thousands upon thousandsWORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有2).There were _ people in the hall.A.two scores of B.scores ofC.two and score D.two scoresV 重点句子重点句子 1.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.老鼠跑到地里找地方躲。解释 这句话中的 looking for places to hide 是作 ran out of the fields 的伴随状况，这是动词的现在分词形式的一个用法。现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。（1）现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词 when,while 引出。While reading the book,he nodded from time to time.他一边看书，一边不时地点头。Seeing those pictures,she remembered her childhood.看到那些画，他想起了她的童年。（2）现在分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Not knowing his address,I cant send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。Many of us,being so excited,couldnt go to sleep that night.因为非常激动，那晚我们许多人都没睡着。（3）现在分词短语作结果状语。如：His father died,leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground,breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，把它摔成了碎片。（4）现在分词作伴随状语，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间，表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如：They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他们在那儿站了半小时，观察着天上的星星。Following the old man,the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有（5）现在分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。如：A person standing at the foot of a high mountain will find himself very small.一个人如站在大山的脚下会发现自己很渺小。Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。注：现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。（6）“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+现在分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如：His hair became grey with the years passing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。练习 中译英1).因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。_2).没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。_2.All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。解释All the students do not know how to deal with the problem.=Not all the students know how to deal with the problem.并非所有的学生都知道如何解决个问题。I dont know all of them.我并不认识他们所有的人。表示“全体”意义的代词、副词或形容“all,both,every,everybody,always”等和否定副词 not 连用时表部分否定,而“none,neither,nobody,nothing”等表完全否定。如：Everyone doesnt like the story.=Not everyone likes the story.并非每个人都喜欢这个故事。Nobody likes the story.没人喜欢这个故事。Both of the students dont like the story.并非这两个学生这个故事。WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有Neither of the students likes the story.这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。练习 中译英1).并非这两个学生这个故事。_2).这两个学生都不喜欢这个故事。_课文要点课文要点1 课文词汇等填空课文词汇等填空根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：Before Tangshan earthquake,strange things happened.A 1 (有味道的)gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became 2 (nerve).At 3:00 a.m.,everything began to shake.It seemed that the world was at 3 end.In fifteen seconds,a large city lay in 4 (废墟),and the number of people 5 (受伤的)or killed reached more than 400,000.Water,food and 6 (electric)were cut off and the railway tracks were 7 (use)pieces of steel.But all hope was not lost.The rescue team 8 (organize)by the army came to help those 9 (幸存者)and slowly the city began to 10 (呼吸)again.3 课文佳句背诵与仿写课文佳句背诵与仿写 1.【原句】But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。模仿要点 句子结构：由 which 引导的非限制性定语从句【模仿 1】李宇春现象超越了她的声音，即使最狂热歌迷们也承认她的声音是非常弱的。_【模仿 2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。_WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homes were gone.所有的师内医院，75%的工厂和建筑物，90%的家园都消失了。模仿要点 句子结构：数字+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句【模仿 1】从七月上旬开始,20 天的干旱和高温 袭击了重庆的人们,其中 50%的人们处于严重缺水状态。_【模仿 2】参加奥运会吉祥物竞选的参与者有 662 人，其中 611 人来自中国大陆，12 人来自香港，澳门和台湾，39 人来自国外。_单元自测单元自测 1 完形填空完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 2130 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：192完成时间：14 分钟难度：*The legal age for smoking in Japan is 20 and as the country s 570,000 tobacco vending machines(自动售货机)prepare for a July regulation requiring them to ensure buyers are not minors,a company has developed a 1 to identify age by studying facial features.By having the customer look into a digital camera 2 to the machine,Fujitaka Cos system will 3 facial characteristics,such as wrinkles surrounding the eyes,bone structure and skin sags(松弛),to the facial data of over 100,000 people,Hajime Yamamoto,a company spokesman said.With face 4 ,so long as youve got some change and you are an adult,you can buy cigarettes like before.The problem of 5 borrowing(identification)cards to purchase cigarettes could be 6 as well,Yamamoto said.But due to concerns about its accuracy,the facial identification method has yet to be 7 .WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有 Yamamoto said the system could 8 identify about 90 percent of the 9 ,with the remaining 10 percent sent to a grey zone for minors that look 10 ,and baby-faced adults,where they would be asked to insert their driving license.1.A.system B.machineC.program D.monitor2.A.added B.attached C.covered D.devoted3.A.prefer B.adjust C.lead D.compare4.A.features B.structure C.recognition D.expression5.A.students B.youths C.adults D.minors6.A.avoided B.clarified C.raised D.improved7.A.corrected B.approved C.updated D.spread8.A.completely B.correctly C.specifically D.partly9.A.smokers B.sellers C.lookers-on D.users10.A.older B.younger C.wiser D.nicer2 语法填空语法填空 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40 的相应位置上。字数：202完成时间：10 分钟难度：*Wang Hong was born in 1985 in Guangzhou,China.Even when she was a baby,she loved to draw lines everywhere.1 (see)this,her father decided to help her.He gave her paint,brushes and paper.She practised hard 2 improved very quickly.Soon her lines became flowers,trees and animals.Some of her pictures 3 (show)in an art exhibition in Shanghai at the age of 4.By the age of six,Wang Hong 4 (make)over 4,000 paintings.She loved to draw animals,especially monkey and cats.5 her father was good at drawing,he didnt give her any art lessons.He even stopped painting his own pictures.6 ,he often took the little girl to parks and zoos to get ideas for her work.7 this way,Wang Hong developed her own style of painting 8 bright colours.All her pictures were different from WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有others.At the age of 8,9 of her monkey paintings was made into a Chinese stamp.Later,she started to draw pictures of country scenery and people.And when she was just 14,she became the youngest person to have 10 (person)shows in Washington D.C.and many other cities around the world.WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有Unit 4 Earthquakes 答案答案I I 词语辨析词语辨析 1.congratulate/celebrate 答案:1).congratulate2).celebrate 2.destroy/ruin/damage/harm答案:1).cheated 2).fool3.rise/raise/lift答案:1).raised2).Lift3).rise4.hurt/injure/wound答案:1).wounded 2).injured 3).hurtIIII 词性变化词性变化 答案:1)nations2)national3)Frightened4)was frightened 5)frightening 6)suffered7)sufferers8)suffering 重点词汇重点词汇 1.burst v.&n.爆裂,爆发,突然破裂 练习 中译英答案:1).Water-pipes often burst in cold weather.2).The sun burst through the clouds.2.rescue n.&vt.援救，营救 练习 用 rescue 的适当形式填空答案:1).has been rescued 2).rescued3.judge n.&v.法官，鉴赏家，裁判，判断，估计WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有 练习 用与 judge 相关的词汇填空答案:1).Judging2).In her judgment4.ruin v.&n.毁灭，使破产，遗迹，废墟（名词时常用复数）练习 中译英1).那建筑物已成断壁残垣。答案:1).The building is in ruins.2).The church has fallen into ruin.重点词组重点词组 1.right away 立刻，马上 练习 中译英答案:1).I want it typed right away,please.2.at the end 练习 用 at the end of,by the end of 和 in the end 填空。答案:1).by the end of 2).in the end3).at the end of3.instead of 代替，而不是 练习 单项选择。答案:1).B2).D4.tens of thousands of 数以万计的 练习 选择填空答案:1).A2).BV V 重点句子重点句子 练习 中译英答案:1).Not knowing his address,I cant send this book to him.2).Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.2.All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有 练习 中译英答案:1).Both of the students dont like the story.2).Neither of the students likes the story.课文要点课文要点1 1 课文词汇等填空课文词汇等填空答案：1.smelly 2.nervous3.an4.ruins 5.injured6.electricity 7.useless 8.organized 9.survivors 10.breathe3 3 课文佳句背诵与仿写课文佳句背诵与仿写 【模仿 1】李宇春现象超越了她的声音，即使最狂热歌迷们也承认她的声音是非常弱的。答案：The Li Yuchun phenomenon,however,goes far beyond her voice,which even the most ardent fans admit is pretty weak【模仿 2】据报道，心脏病和癌症成了中年人的头号杀手，这给我们敲响了警钟。答案：It is reported that heart disease and cancer are now the top killers of middle-aged people in China,which give us a warming.2.【原句】It was a city whose hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90%of its homes were gone.所有的师内医院，75%的工厂和建筑物，90%的家园都消失了。模仿要点 句子结构：数字+of which/whom 引导的非限制性定语从句【模仿 1】从七月上旬开始,20 天的干旱和高温 袭击了重庆的人们,其中 50%的人们处于严重缺水状态。答案：More than 20 days of drought and high temperatures since early July have hit the population of Chongqin,50%of whom are in a state of a severe lack of water.【模仿 2】参加奥运会吉祥物竞选的参与者有 662 人，其中 611 人来自中国大陆，12 人来自香港，澳门和台湾，39 人来自国外。答案：There were 662 people who competed in the selection of Olympic mascots,of whom 611 were from the Chinese mainland,12 from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan,WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有and 39 from abroad.单元自测单元自测 1 1 完形填空完形填空 答案：1.A 从第二段及最后一段第一句可以判断：一家日本公司研制出一套年龄识别体系。2.B attach to 所附的，“附在机器上的数码相机”。其他三个选项不符合语境。3.D compare.to.“系统将面部特征与十万多人的面部数据进行对比”。其他三个选项动词尽管可以和介词 to 连用，但不符合语境。4.C features 特征，structure 构造，recognition 识别，expression 表情，选项 C符合语境。5.D 从文章第一句及最后一句可以判断。minor 未成年人，本文首句提到吸烟的合法年龄是 20 岁，自动售货机要确保购买者不是未成年人。6.A 年龄识别系统可以避免未成年人借用身份证购买香烟的问题。clarify 澄清。7.B 因涉及到准确性问题，这套面部识别方法还有待批准。8.B 该系统能正确识别出约 90%的使用者。9.D 从第一段 to ensure buyers are not minors 判断，该系统识别的是使用自动售货机购买香烟者。故选 users。10.A 从 baby-faced adults 可得提示。有 10%的长相显老的未成年人和娃娃脸的成年人进入“灰色地带”。2 2 语法填空语法填空 答案：1Seeing，现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于 when her father saw this，2and，表并列关系：3were shown，考查动词的被动语态用法：4had made，由前文 By the age of six 可知,此处应用过去完成时态。WORD 格式整理 专业资料 值得拥有 5Although/though，“虽然，尽管”表让步关系：6Instead，“相反，而是”，表转折：7In，in this way 是固定搭配，“用这种方法”：8with，介词“用，有”：9one，one of+名词