《计算机英语》—教学大纲及教学教案.docx

《计算机英语》教学大纲及教学教案
1、课程概况
课程名称：计算机专业英语
课程英文名称：Computer English
授课班级：
授课教师：
授课地点：
教材：
课程类别：
2、课程任务与目的
本课程的任务和目的是通过对专业英语的学习，掌握计算机相关的英语词汇，具有阅读 计算机专业资料的能力，具有一定的专业翻译能力，能够用英语表达专业意义并实现业务沟 通。
3、教学内容
本课程以Unit为教学单位，包括以下教学模块：
1)播放课文MP3,培养学生专业英语的听力。
2)精讲课文Text A,这些课文既包括基本概念和基础知识，也包括行业应用，同时尽量覆 盖行业的主要子领域。通过对Text A译文详细讲解，让学生掌握阅读理解的方法，培养翻 译技能。
3) New Words：学习课文中出现的新词，这些单词既有公共英语中不常使用、而在专业英 语中经常出现的单词，也有在专业英语中有特殊含义的单词。学生由此可以积累专业词汇。
4) Phrases：学习课文中的常用专业英语词组及局部非专业英语词组。
5) Abbreviations：学习课文中出现的、业内人士必须掌握的缩略语。缩略语在计算机行'也 中十分重要，必须给予充分的重视。
6) Notes：讲解课文中出现的难句、长句、语法结构复杂的句子。这有利于学生透彻领会难 句的含义，也可以培养学生的阅读理解能力。
object code
目标码
operating system
操作系统，缩写为OS
software engineering
软件工程

3、Text A难句讲解
[1] Computer software, consisting of programs, enables a computer to perform specific tasks, as opposed to its physical components (hardware) which can only do the tasks they are mechanically designed for.
本句中，consisting of programs是一个现在分词短语，作Computer software的非限定性 定语，对其作补充说明。as opposed to的意思是“与 不同；与 相反”，its指a
computer9So which can only do the tasks they are mechanically designed for 是一个定语从句， 修饰和限定 its physical componentso 在该从句中，they are mechanically designed for 也是一 个定语从句，修饰和限定the tasks□
[2] Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and run the software.
本句中，which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and run the software是一个非定语从句，对computer hardware作补充说明。在该从句中，required to store and run the software是一个过去分词短语，作定语，修饰和限定devices。in contrast to 的意思是“和……形成比照”。
[3] People who use modern general-purpose computers (as opposed to embedded systems, analog computers, supercomputers, etc.) usually see three layers of software performing a variety of tasks: platform, application, and user software.
本句中，who use modern general purpose computers 是一个定语从句，修饰和限定 Peopleo as opposed to embedded systems, analog computers, supercomputers, etc.对 modern general-purpose computers 作补充说明。
[4] Depending on how competently the user-written software has been integrated into purchased application packages, many users may not be aware of the distinction between the purchased packages, and what has been added by fellow co-workers.
本句中， Depending on how competently the user-written software has been integrated into purchased application packages是一个现在分词短语，作条件状语，D叩ending on的意思是“根 据"。be aware of的意思是“了解，知道”。
[5] In this case, a conditional instruction is executed to copy text from data in a "document" area residing in memory, perhaps to an intermediate storage area known as a "clipboard" data area.
本句中,residing in memory是一个现在分词短语,作定语，修饰和限定a "document0 area, known as a "clipboard1' data area是一个过去分词短语，作定语，修饰和限定an intermediate storage areao in this case的意思是“在这种情况下”。
4、播放Text A课文听力
5、Text B 选学
由老师根据教学实际，制定学习方案。可以使用讨论课、翻转课堂、学生撰写学习报告
等多种形式。通过［Ex6.］检查学生对Text B课文的掌握情况。
6、课后作业
［Exl. ］、［Ex2. ］、［Ex3.］和【Ex5.】为必做题，【Ex4・】和【Ex6.】为选做题。
7、阅读材料
课外阅读。
Unit4教学过程
1、Text A重点单词学习
algorithm
[5AlAEriTEm]
n.算法
batch
[bAtF]
n.批处理
command
[kE5mB:nd]
n.命令
control
[kEn5trEul]
n.&vt.控制，支配
embedded
[em5bedid]
adj.嵌入的，植入的，内含的
event-driven
[i5vent-5drivn]
n.事件驱动
interrupt
[7intE5rQpt]
vt.中断n.中断信号
interactive
[7intEr5Aktiv]
adj.交互式的
install
[in5stC:l]
Vt.安装,安置
multitasking
[5mQlti7tB:skiN]
n.多任务处理
multithreading
[5mQlti5WrediN]
n.多线程
response
[ris5pCns]
n.回答，响应，反响
security
[si5kjuEriti]
n.平安
thread
[Wred]
n.线程
translate
[trAns51eit]
vt.翻译,解释,转化

2、Text A重点词组学习
batch processing
批处理
clock interrupt
时钟中断
distributed operating system
分布式操作系统
embedded computer system
嵌入式计算机系统
embedded operating system
嵌入式操作系统
multitasking operating system
多任务操作系统
multi-user operating system
多用户操作系统
real-time operating system
实时操作系统
scheduling algorithm
调度算法
time-sharing operating system
分时操作系统
video card
视频卡
wireless communication
无线通信

3、Text A重点缩写学习
CD
光盘(Compact Disc)

4、Text A难句讲解
[6] It translates commands from the operating system or user into commands understood by the component part it interfaces with.
本句中，from the operating system or user是一个介词短语，作定语，修饰和限定它前面 的 commandso understood by the component part it interfaces with 是——个过去分词短语， 作定 语，修饰和限定它前面的commandso在该过去分词短语中，it interfaces with是一个定语从 句,修饰和限定the component parto translates ... into…的意思是“把 翻译成 ”。
[7] The operating system makes these interfacing functions along with its other functions operate smoothly and these functions are mostly transparent to the user.
本句中，The operating system 作主语，makes 作谓语，these interfacing functions along with its other functions 彳乍 吾，operate smoothly 一个不带to的动词不定式短语，作宾语补足语。
英语中,当make、let、have> see> hear> watch> notice> feel等动词后面用不定式作宾 语补足语时，不定式都不带t。。这一点特别重要。请看下例：
I often hear people talk about this kind of printer.
我经常听人们谈论这种打印机。
Please don't forget to have him help you with your computing.
请别忘了让他帮你做运算。
[8] These can happen due to a software bug typically in the operating system, although computer programs being run on the operating system can make the system more unstable or may even crash the system by themselves.
本句中，due to a software bug typically in the operating system 是一个原因状语。due to 的意思是“由于，因为‘'although computer programs being run on the operating system can make the system more unstable or may even crash the system by themselves 是一个让步状语从句。在 该从句中，computer programs 作主语，being run on the operating system 作定语，修饰 computer programs, can make作谓语,the system作宾语，more unstable作宾语补足语,or是连词, 连接并列谓语，意思是“或者”。
[9] When a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is grouped under the single-tasking system category, while in case the operating system allows for execution of multiple tasks at a time, it is classified as a multi-tasking operating system.
本句中，while表示比照，意思是“而，但是”，它连接了两个复合句。这两个复合句 分别解释了什么是 single-tasking system, 什么是 multi-tasking operating systemo
英语中，while在不同的语境中所表达的意思不同。请看下例：
While the discussion was still going on, George came in.
当讨论还在进行时，乔治走了进来。（当……时；表示时间）
Multi-user computer operating systems allow multiple users to access a computer system simultaneously while single-user operating systems are usable by only one user at a time.
多用户计算机操作系统允许多个用户同时访问一个计算机系统，而单用户操作系统一次 只能被一个用户使用。（而，但是；表示比照）
While this printer is of good quality, I think it is too expensive.
尽管这台打印机质量很好，但我认为还是太贵了。（虽然，尽管；表示让步）
We can surely overcome these difficulties while we make our best.（只要； 表示条件） 只要我们竭尽全力，就一定能克服这些困难。
[10] An operating system that manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear
to be a single computer is known as a distributed operating system.
本句中，that manages a group of independent computers and makes them appear to be a single computer是一个定语从句，修饰和限定An operating systemo be known as的意思是“被 称为…”。
5、播放Text A课文听力
6、Text B 选学
由老师根据教学实际，制定学习方案。可以使用讨论课、翻转课堂、学生撰写学习报告
等多种形式。通过［Ex6.］检查学生对Text B课文的掌握情况。
7、课后作业
［Exl.］、【Ex2.］、［Ex3.］和【Ex5.】为必做题，【Ex4・】和【Ex6.】为选做题。
8、阅读材料
课外阅读。
Unit5教学过程
1、Text A重点单词学习
item
[5aitEm]
n.工程
manipulation
[mE7nipju51eiFEn]
n.处理，操作
record
[5rekC:d]
n.记录
subscript
[5sQbskript]
adj.下标
table
[5teibl]
n.表，表格
tabular
[5tAbjulE]
adj.列成表格的，表格式的
various
[5vZEriEs]
adj.不同的，各种各样的，多方面的，多样的
row
[rauj
n.行，排
permanent
[5pE:mEnEnt]
adj.永久的，持久的
define
[di5fain]
vt.定义，详细说明
criteria
[5krai5tiriE]
n.标准

2、Text A重点词组学习
account number
账号
data set
数据集
data structure
数据结构
decision table
判定表，决策表
file name extension
文件扩展名
memory cell
内存单元
three-dimensional table
三维表
truth table
真值表

3、Text A难句讲解
[1] Any data structure is designed to organize data to suit a specific purpose so that it can be accessed and worked with in appropriate ways.
本句中，to organize data to suit a specific purpose so that it can be accessed and worked with in appropriate ways是一个动词不定式短语，作目的状语，修饰is designed。在该短语中，to suit a specific purpose也是一个动词不定式短语，作目的状语，修饰to organize, so that it can be accessed and worked with in appropriate ways 是——个目的状语从句。
|2] In computer programming languages, an array is a group of objects with the same attributes that can be addressed individually, using such techniques as subscripting.
本句中，with the same attributes是一个介词短语，作定语，修饰和限定a group of objectso that can be addressed individually 是一个定语从句，也修饰和限定 a group of objects, using such techniques as subscripting是一个现在分词短语，作方式状语，修饰从句的谓语can be addressed o
[3] By providing the same information in the same fields in each record so that all records are consistent, your file will be easily accessible for analysis and manipulation by a computer program.
本句中，By providing the same information in the same fields in each record so that all records are consistent是一个现在分词短语，作方式状语，修饰谓语will be easily accessibleo 在该短语中，so that all records are consistent是一个结果状语从句,修饰谓语providingo
英语中，sothat既可以引导一个目的状语从句，也可以引导一个结果状语从句。请看下 例：
We asked the professor to speak louder so that we could hear him.
我们请教授讲话声再大一些，以便让我们能听清。(目的状语从句)
Mary didn't plan her time well, so that she didn't finish the work in time.
玛利没有把时间计划好，结果没有按时完成这项工作。(结果状语从句)
[4] In any computer system but especially in personal computers, a file is an entity of data available to system users (including the system itself and its application programs) that is capable of being manipulated as an entity (for example, moved from one file directory to another).
本句中，available to system users是一个现在分词短语，作定语，修饰和限定an entity of datao that is capable of being manipulated as an entity 是一个定语从句，也修饰和限定 an entity of datao
[5] The organization of data in the record is usually prescribed by the programming language that defines the record's organization and/or by the application that processes it.
本句中，and/or连接了 by引导的两个方式状语。that defines the record's organization是 一个定语从句，修饰和限定the programming languageo
[6] For example, a database for a business would typically contain a table for customer information, which would store customers' account numbers, addresses, phone numbers, and so on as a series of columns.
本句中，which would store customers, account numbers, addresses, phone numbers, and so on as a series of columns 是——个非限定性定语从句，对 a table for customer information 进行补 充说明。
[7] Fields, in turn, are organized as records, which are complete sets of information, such as the set of information about a particular customer, each of which comprises a row.
本句中，which are complete sets of information是一个非限定性定语从句，对records进 行补充说明。such as the set of information about a particular customer 是对 complete sets of information的举例说明，each of which comprises a row是一个非限定性定语从句,对the set of information about a particular customer 进行补充说明。
英语中，定语从句还可以由名词(代词/数词)+ of + which (whom)来引导，表示局部 与整体的关系。注意不要误用which和whom。which指物，whom用来指人。请看下例：
Peter's father knows a lot of people, many of whom are professors.
彼德的爸爸认识许多人，其中好多是教授。
She bought many books yesterday, five of which are on ERR
她昨天买了许多书，其中5本是ERP方面的。
4、播放Text A课文听力
5、Text B 选学
由老师根据教学实际，制定学习方案。可以使用讨论课、翻转课堂、学生撰写学习报告
等多种形式。通过［Ex6.］检查学生对Text B课文的掌握情况。
6、课后作业
［Exl. ］、［Ex2.】、［Ex3.］和【Ex5.】为必做题，［Ex4.］和【Ex6.】为选做题。
7、阅读材料
课外阅读。
Unit6教学过程
1、Text A重点单词学习
block
[blCkl
n.块
calculate
[5kAlkjuleit]
v.计算
compilation
[7kCmpi51eiFEn]
n.编辑
declare
[di5klZE]
Vt.声明
describe
[dis5kraib]
v.描述
float
[flEut]
vi.浮动
include
[in5 klu:d]
Vt.包括,包含
indentation
[7inden5teiFEn]
n.缩排，呈锯齿状
invoke
[in5vEuk]
V.调用
prompt
[prCmpt]
n.提示，提示符
return
[ri5tE:n]
n.返回
sign
[sain]
n.标记，符号
string
[striNJ
ri-f n.甲
symbol
[5simbEl]
n.符号，记号
variable
[5vZEriEbl]
n.变量

2、Text A重点词组学习
command line
命令行
floating point value
浮点值
format string
格式申
main function
主函数
make sure
确定，确保
make up
构成
single character value
单字符值
whole number
整数

3、Text A重点缩写学习
CGI
公共网关接口(Common Gateway Interface)

4、Text A难句讲解
[1] It means that once you write your C program, you must run it through a C compiler to turn your program into an executable that the computer can run.
本句中,This 指它前面的整个句子 C is what is called a compiled languageo that once you write your C program, you must run it through a C compiler to turn your program into an executable that the computer can run 是一个宾语从句。在该从句中，once you write your C program 是一个条件状语从句，修饰谓语 must run, to turn your program into an executable 是 一个动词不定式短语，作目的状语，也修饰谓语must run, that the computer can run是一个 定语从句，修饰和限定an executable。turn…into…的意思是“把 变成 ”。
|2] The standard I/O library lets you read input from the keyboard (called Hstandard in"), write output to the screen (called nstandard out"), process text files stored on the disk, and so on.
本句中，read input from the keyboard (called nstandard in"), write output to the screen (called "standard out")，process text files stored on the disk是三个并列的不带to的动词不定式短语， 作宾语 you 的补足语。called "standard in"是对 read input from the keyboard 的补充说明，called ''standard out"是对 write output to the screen 的补充说明，stored on the disk 是一一个过去分词短 语，作定语，修饰和限定text files。
[3] A library is simply a package of code that someone else has written to make your life easier.
本句中，that someone else has written to make your life easier 是一个定语从句，修饰和限 定a package of code。在该从句中，to make your life easier是一个动词不定式短语，作目的 状语，修饰谓语has written, easier是宾语your life的补足语。
[4] For example, if your program requests a value from the user, or if it calculates a value, you will want to remember it somewhere so you can use it later.
本句中，or 连接 了两个条件状语从句 if your program requests a value from the user 和 if it calculates a value, so you can use it later 是——个目 的状语从句。
本句中，第一个it指your program,第二个和第三个it者口指a valueo
5、播放Text A课文听力
6、Text B 选学
由老师根据教学实际，制定学习方案。可以使用讨论课、翻转课堂、学生撰写学习
报告等多种形式。通过［Ex6.］检查学生对Text B课文的掌握情况。
7、课后作业
【Exl.】、［Ex2.】、［Ex3.］和【Ex5.】为必做题，［Ex4.］和【Ex6.】为选做题。
8、阅读材料
课外阅读。
7） Exercises：练习巩固局部。其中，【Ex1 .】检查学生对Text A课文的掌握情况；【Ex2.】 解释本课学习的核心英语单词意义；【Ex3.］培养学生英文翻译成中文的能力；【Ex4.】熟 悉计算机等级考试的真题；【Ex5・］通过短文选词填空，培养学生的篇章阅读能力和对整篇 文章的领悟能力。
8） Reading Material：此局部内容为行业相关的材料，供学生课外学习，进一步扩大视野。
4、教学过程
（详情附后）
5、考核方式与要求
1 .本课程为考查课，考核方式采用翻译为主的考试方式，要求学生掌握基本的计算机专业 词汇以及理解计算机文献。
2 .课程考核：总成绩=平时（40%） +期末理论考试（60%）。
3 .平时成绩依据考勤、作业、课堂提问情况以及学习态度进行评定。
Unit7教学过程
1、Text A重点单词学习
attribute
[E5tribju:t]
n.属性，特征
combine
[kEm5bain]
v.（使）联合，（使）结合，组合
computing
[kEm5pju:tiN]
n.计算，处理
concurrency
[kEn5kQrEnsi]
n.并发性
deal
[di：l]
vi.处理
failure
[5feiljE]
n.故障
filter
[5filtE]
vt.过滤n.筛选
index
[5indeks]
n.索引，指数vi.做索引
hierarchical
[7haiE5rB:kikElJ
adj.分等级的
instance
[5instEns]
n.实例
key
[ki：]
n.键
link
[liNk]
n.&v.链接
match
[mAtF]
n.&v.匹配
model
[5mCdl]
n.样式，模型
nesting
[5nestiN]
n.嵌套
rule
[ru:l]
n.规那么
tuple
[5tjupl]
n.元组
query
[5kwiEri]
n.&v.查询

2、Text A重点词组学习
be independent of
与 无关；不依赖；不取决于；不受 限制
computing discipline
计算学科
hierarchical model
层级模型
in answer to
回答，响应
in principle
原那么上；大致上；通常
primary key
主键
query language
查询语言
relational model
关系模型
Web Site
网站

3、Text A重点缩写学习
DBMS
数据库管理系统(database management system)
4、Text A难句讲解
[1] In computing, a database can be defined as a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer so that a program can consult it to answer queries.
本句