《计算机英语(第4版)》课后练习参考答案.doc

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《计算机英语（第4版）》练习参考答案

Unit One: Computer and Computer Science
Unit One/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron
2. input; output
3. VLSI
4. workstations; mainframes
5. vacuum; transistors
6. instructions; software
7. digit; eight; byte
8. microminiaturization; chip

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. artificial intelligence 人工智能
2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器
3. optical computer 光计算机
4. neural network 神经网络
5. instruction set 指令集
6. parallel processing 并行处理
7. difference engine 差分机
8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件
9. silicon substrate 硅衬底
10. vacuum tube 真空管
11. 数据的存储与处理 the storage and handling of data
12. 超大规模集成电路 very large-scale integrated circuit
13. 中央处理器 central processing unit
14. 个人计算机 personal computer
15. 模拟计算机 analogue computer
16. 数字计算机 digital computer
17. 通用计算机 general-purpose computer
18. 处理器芯片 processor chip
19. 操作指令 operating instructions
20. 输入设备 input device

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the early 1950s, were based onvacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in whichtransistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s,integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such asmicrocomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuitsto be incorporated on onechip. Fifth-generation computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。
语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。
虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创建更好的人机接口。
人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存储数据和执行运算的计算。
这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论畴。
科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。
还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。

Unit One/Section B
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. experimentation
2. interfacing
3. interdisciplinary
4. microprocessor

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. artificial neural network 人工神经网络
2. computer architecture 计算机体系结构
3. robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序
4. human-computer interface 人机接口
5. knowledge representation 知识表示
6. 数值分析 numerical analysis
7. 程序设计环境 programming environment
8. 数据结构 data structure
9. 存储和检索信息 store and retrieve information
10. 虚拟现实 virtual reality

Unit One/Section C
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. output
2. supercomputer
3. microcontroller
4. handheld; convergence

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. Web page （万维）网页
2. touch screen 触摸屏，触屏
3. blade server刀片服务器
4. removable storage device 移动（式）存储设备
5. 声卡soundcard
6. 存储服务器storage server
7. 便携式媒体播放器portable media player
8. 硬盘 hard disk

Unit Two: Computer Architecture
Unit Two/Section A
I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. input; output; storage
2. Basic Input/Output System
3. flatbed; hand-held
4. LCD-based
5. dot-matrix; inkjet
6. disk; memory
7. volatile
8. serial; parallel

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. function key 功能键，操作键，函数键
2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块
3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区
4. address bus地址总线
5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪
6. dot-matrix printer点阵打印机（针式打印机）
7. parallel connection 并行连接
8. cathode ray tube阴极射线管
9. video game 电子游戏
10. audio signal 音频信号
11. 操作系统 operating system
12. 液晶显示（器） LCD (liquid crystal display)
13. 喷墨打印机 inkjet printer
14. 数据总线 data bus
15. 串行连接 serial connection
16. 易失性存储器 volatile memory
17. 激光打印机 laser printer
18. 磁盘驱动器 disk drive
19. 基本输入／输出系统 BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
20. 视频显示器 video display

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On a CD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy(高低不平的) areas (called “pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1 or a 0.
Like a commercialCD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc. Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have access only to the data imprinted(压印) by the publisher.
A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to 451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or access the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their access rate.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
调制解调器是在模拟与数字信号之间进行转换的设备。
计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。
模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。
调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过线的互相通信。
调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过线传输的模拟信号。
信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。
如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。

Unit Two/Section B
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. graphical
2. file; scheduler
3. virtual
4. slice

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. interrupt handler 中断处理程序
2. virtual memory 虚拟存储（器），虚存，虚拟存
3. context switch 上下文转换，语境转换
4. main memory 主存（储器）
5. bit pattern 位模式
6. 外围设备 peripheral device
7. 进程表 process table
8. 时间片 time slice
9. 图形用户界面 graphical user interface
10. 海量存储器 mass storage

Unit Two/Section C
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. repository
2. central; sub-systems
3. network
4. layered或abstract machine

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. code generator 代码生成程序，代码发生器
2. abstract machine 抽象机
3. program editor 程序编辑程序，程序编辑器
4. configuration item 配置项
5. 计算机辅助设计 CAD (computer-aided design)
6. 数据冗余 data redundancy
7. 指挥与控制系统 command and control system
8. 视频压缩与解压缩 video compression and decompression

Unit Three: Computer Language and Programming
Unit Three/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. artificial; instructions
2. low-level; high-level
3. machine
4. machine
5. functional; logic
6. statement
7. module
8. digital

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. storage register 存储寄存器
2. function statement 函数语句
3. program statement 程序语句
4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言
5. assembly language汇编语言
6. intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言
7. relational language关系（型）语言
8. artificial language人工语言
9. data declaration数据声明
10. Structured Query Language结构化查询语言
11. 可执行程序 executable program
12. 程序模块 program module
13. 条件语句 conditional statement
14. 赋值语句 assignment statement
15. 逻辑语言 logic language
16. 机器语言 machine language
17. 函数式语言 functional language
18. 程序设计语言 programming language
19. 运行计算机程序 run a computer program
20. 计算机程序员 computer programmer

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.
The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics(助记符) for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program known as an assembler(汇编程序，汇编器)into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system software known as linking loaders (连接装入程序)combine pieces of assembled code and load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the 1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science problem in itself.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。
诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆的半径一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。
一个对象类可以从其他的对象类继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。
这一套程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。
可复用代码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。
这使得程序设计员的工作变得比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。

Unit Three/Section B
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. objects
2. platform-independent
3. multithreading
4. runtime

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. native code 本机（代）码
2. header file 头标文件；页眉文件
3. multithreaded program 多线程程序
4. Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器
5. malicious code 恶意代码
6. 机器码 machine code
7. 汇编码 assembly code
8. 特洛伊木马程序 Trojan horse
9. 软件包 software package
10. 类层次 class hierarchy

Unit Three/Section C
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. subscript; index
2. fixed
3. histogram
4. two-dimensional

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. bar chart 条形图
2. frequency array 频率数组
3. graphicalrepresentation 图形表示
4. multidimensional array 多维数组
5. 用户视图 user(’s) view
6. 下标形式 subscript form
7. 一维数组 one-dimensional array
8. 编程结构 programmingconstruct

Unit Four: Software Development
Unit Four/Section A
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. application; operating
2. assemblers
3. compiler
4. interpreter
5. debugger
6. loop
7. driver
8. John von Neumann

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. inference engine 推理机
2. system call 系统调用
3. compiled language 编译执行的语言
4. parallel computing 并行计算
5. pattern matching 模式匹配
6. memory location 存储单元
7. interpreter program 解释程序
8. library routine 库程序，程序库例行程序
9. intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序
10. source file 源文件
11. 解释执行的语言interpreted language
12. 设备驱动程序 device driver
13. 源程序 source program
14. 调试程序 debugging program
15. 目标代码 object code
16. 应用程序 application program
17. 实用程序 utility program
18. 逻辑程序 logic program
19. 墨盒 ink cartridge
20. 程序的存储与执行 program storage and execution

III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code.
Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produceobject code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers, and loaders (加载程序)—finish the translation.
Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between manufacturers.

IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。
较轻微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。
较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。
两种情况无论是哪一种，程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。
由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。
程序发行后发现的较轻微错误在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问题或减轻其影响。

Unit Four/Section B
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. entity
2. duration
3. data; process或process;data
4. implemented

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. check box 复选框，选择框，校验框
2. structured design 结构化设计
3. building block 积木块，构建模块，构件
4. database schema 数据库模式
5. radio button 单选（按）钮
6. 系统建模技术 system modeling technique
7. 模型驱动开发 model-driven development
8. 数据流程图 data flow diagram
9. 下拉式菜单 drop-down (或pull-down) menu
10. 滚动条 scroll bar

Unit Four/Section C
I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. heterogeneous
2. asynchronous
3. bridges
4. openness

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. procedure call 过程调用
2. fault tolerance 容错
3. homogeneous system 同构系统
4. autonomous agent 自主主体
5. 路由算法 routing algorithm
6. 异构型环境 heterogeneous environment
7. 多址通信协议 multicast protocol
8. 通信链路 communication(s) link

Unit Five: Software Process
Unit Five/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. off-the-shelf
2. exclusive
3. cascade
4. requirements; integration
5. throwaway
6. immediate; stable
7. reuse-oriented; framework
8. software; compromises

II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. system spec