英语名词性从句及相应习题.pptx

名词性从句名词性从句 Noun Clause名词性从句名词性从句nounclause 主语从句主语从句subjectclause 宾语从句宾语从句objectclause 表语从句表语从句predicativeclause 同位语从句同位语从句appositiveclause我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。我的梦想是我能进入一所重点大学。My dream is that I can enter a key university.That I can enter a key university is my dream.I have a dream that I can enter a key university.I always dream that I can enter a key university.表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句What I want to do is taking a bath.The news that they won the game spread the whole school.I dont think he is an honest boy.The fact is that he stole the car.Do you know the man who is standing over there?It is said that they won the game.(主从主从)(同位语从句同位语从句)(宾从宾从)(表从表从)(定从定从)(主从主从)连接词连接词（不做成分）that,if,whether,as if/as though连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever连接副词连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however,引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词不可省略的连词：不可省略的连词：1.介词后的连词介词后的连词 2.引导主语从句和同位语从句引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词的连词That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.主语从句主语从句 在复合句中作主语的从句在复合句中作主语的从句在复合句中作主语的从句在复合句中作主语的从句.引导词有引导词有引导词有引导词有连词连词连词连词:thatthat,whetherwhether;代词代词代词代词:whowho,what,whichwhat,which;副词副词副词副词:when,where,how,why:when,where,how,why等等等等.1.That he is a famous singer is known to us.(It is known to us that he is a famous singer.)2.When he will go to America is not yet fixed.(It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.)有有时时为为避避免免句句子子头头重重脚脚轻轻，常常用用it it 代代替替主主语语从从句句作作形形式式主主语语放放于于句句首首，而而把把主主语语从从句句置置于于句句末末。主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词一一般般用用单单数数形形式式。常常用用句句型型如下：如下：1.It+be+形容词形容词 that从句从句It is necessary/important/obvious that2.It+be+-ed分词分词 that从句从句It is believed that 人们相信人们相信It is known to us all that 众所周知众所周知It has been decided that 已经决定已经决定3.It+be+名词名词 that从句从句It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是事实是4.It+不及物动词不及物动词 that从句从句It appears that 似乎似乎It happens that 碰巧碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起我突然想起n另注意在主语从句中用来表示另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语等语气时，谓语动词要用动词要用 虚拟语气虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：常用的句型有：nIt is necessary/important/natural/strange that nIt is suggested/requested/proposed/desired that It is necessary that she(should)take a couple of days of rest.It is requested that some immediate effort(should)be made.It is suggested that each student(should)sing a song in English.主语从句中的主语从句中的“主谓一致主谓一致”：1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体主语从句通常被看作一个整体,因此主句的因此主句的谓谓语动词语动词用用单数单数形式形式.That they will come _certain.2.what 引导引导主语从句主语从句时时,主句谓语动词的单复主句谓语动词的单复数由数由表语的单复数表语的单复数决定决定.What he wants _these books.What he wants _some water.注意注意isareis3.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是数形式。如果是两个或两个以上两个或两个以上的的主语从句主语从句作主语，作主语，谓语动词谓语动词则用则用复数复数形式。形式。Where and when he was born has not been found.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.1)主语从句用主语从句用陈述语序陈述语序,即主语在前即主语在前,谓语在后谓语在后.2)连接词连接词that在从句中起连接作用在从句中起连接作用,不作任何不作任何成分成分,但但不能省略不能省略.Whenwillhecomeisnotknown.XWhenhewillcomeisnotknown.Thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue.3)whether可引导可引导主语从句主语从句译为译为“是否是否”,但但if不能不能.5)为避免主语冗长、头重脚轻为避免主语冗长、头重脚轻,常用常用it作形式主作形式主语语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例例:Itiswellknown/reported/thought/said/thatItisclear/necessary/certain/true/doubtful/thatItisapity/ashame/anhonour/thatWhetherwewillvisittheGreatWallhasnotbeendecided.IthasnotbeendecidedwhetherwewillvisittheGreatWall.1_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account.(2005上海上海)A.What is required B.What requires C It is required D.It requires2.The Foreign Minister said,“_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”(2006 北京北京)A.This B.There is C.That is D.It is3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海上海)A.where B.what C.that D.how Exercises宾语从句宾语从句宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句就就就就是是是是在在在在复复复复合合合合句句句句中中中中作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语的的的的名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句，通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。或介词之后。或介词之后。1.She did not know what had happened.2.Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3.I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.(作动词的宾语作动词的宾语)(作介词的宾语作介词的宾语)(作形容词的宾语作形容词的宾语)1.由连接词由连接词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中的文体中常被省去常被省去，但如从句是并列句，但如从句是并列句时时,第二个分句前的第二个分句前的that不可省不可省。例如。例如：We must never think(that)we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.n注注:在在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist,desire,request,command,doubt等等表表示示要要求求、命命令令、建建议议、决决定定等等的的动动词词后后，宾宾语从句用语从句用“（should）+动词原形动词原形”。nI insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。我坚持要她自己工作。nThe commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。司令员命令部队马上出发。2.用用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语等关联词引导的宾语从句，注意句子语序要用从句，注意句子语序要用陈述语序陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help her sincere support.3.用用whether或或if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 用用whether或或if引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句其其主主语语和和谓谓语语的的顺顺序序也也不不能能颠颠倒倒，仍仍保保持持陈陈述述语语序序。此此外外，whether与与if 在在作作“是是否否”的的意意思思讲讲时时在在下下列列情情况况下下一一般般只只能能用用whether，不用，不用if：只能用只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况1.在介词后面：在介词后面：Im thinking of whether we should go fishing.2.在动词不定式前：在动词不定式前：They asked me whether to sit at the front.3.当与当与or not连用，或连用，或提出两种选择提出两种选择时时:I dont know whether hes free or not.Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room.4.宾语从句提前，在句首时：宾语从句提前，在句首时：Whether this is true,I cant say.5.引导引导表语从句表语从句、同位语从句、主语、同位语从句、主语从从：Whether he is right or wrong is a question.The question was whether he went there last night.(4)用用if不用不用whether的情况的情况:1.引导引导否定否定概念的概念的宾语从句宾语从句时：时：He asked me if I hadnt finished my homework.2.引导引导条件状语从句条件状语从句，if意为意为“如果如果”时时:Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.宾语从句中的宾语从句中的“时态呼应时态呼应”与与“否定转移否定转移”若主句谓语动词为若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，例如：有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，例如：Hetoldmethathe_hisjob.时态呼应时态呼应否定转移否定转移我认为他不会来这里我认为他不会来这里.I think he wont come here.()I dont think he will come here.()hadfinished4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句主句动动词是词是现在时现在时，从句从句根据句子根据句子自身的情况自身的情况，而使用而使用不同时态不同时态。例如：。例如：I know(that)he studies English every day.I know(that)he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study English next year.I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.当当主句主句动词是动词是过去时态过去时态（could,would除外），除外），从句从句则要用则要用相应的过去时态相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America doubt用用于于肯肯定定结结构构时时，后后面面用用whether/if引引导导名名词词性性从从句句；用用于于否否定定结结构构或或疑疑问问结结构构时时，后后面面用用 that引导引导名词性从句。名词性从句。besure用用于于肯肯定定句句或或疑疑问问句句时时，后后接接 that引引导导的的名名词词性性从从句句；用用于于否否定定句句时时，后后接接whether/if引导的名词性从句。引导的名词性从句。We doubt=I am not sure whether/if he can win the game.I dont doubt=I am sure that he will win the game.宾语从句中用宾语从句中用itit作形式宾语作形式宾语We think it our duty that we should help others.如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用一般用itit来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。I find it impossible that he can finish the work in two days.1.He has made _clear _he will not give in.2.They took_ for granted _ you knew the fact.itthatitthat3.He is a good student except _he is careless.4.I know nothing about him except_you told me.5.He usually walks to school except_ it rains.whatwhenthat表语从句表语从句 在复合句中作主句的在复合句中作主句的在复合句中作主句的在复合句中作主句的表语表语表语表语.引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样1.问题是我们和他已失去联系问题是我们和他已失去联系.2.这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的这就是亨利怎么解决这个问题的.3.天看起来要下雨了天看起来要下雨了.Theproblemis_Thisis_.Itlooks_.thatwehavelosttouchwithhim.howHenrysolvedtheproblemasifitisgoingtorain1.Thisis_ourproblemlies.2.Tomorrowis_itwouldbethemostconvenient.3.Thereason_hedidntcomeis_hewasill.4.Hewasill.Ithinkthatis_hedidntcome.5.Thequestionis_hewillbehereontime.wherewhenwhythatwhywhether同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句在句中起同位语从句在句中起同位语同位语的作用的作用.一般放在一般放在名词名词fact,news,idea,promise,thought,suggestion,belief,truth 等之后等之后,用以说明或用以说明或解释前面的名词解释前面的名词.引导词引导词 that不能省不能省；少数情；少数情况下也可用连接副词况下也可用连接副词.同位语从句修饰的同位语从句修饰的名词名词fact,news,idea,promise,faith,question,problem,doubt,fear,hope,order,belief,thought,reply,truth,suggestion,advice,proposal1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should try a second time is worth considering.3.The suggestion that the plan(should)be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.4.I have no idea when he will be back.一、同位语从句与定语从句一、同位语从句与定语从句相似之处相似之处1、两种从句都可以译成定语、两种从句都可以译成定语The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）（定语从句）你告诉我们的你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。消息真的令人鼓舞。2、两种从句都可以用、两种从句都可以用that引导引导The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句（定语从句+表语从句）表语从句）值得考虑的值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。二、同位语从句与定语从句二、同位语从句与定语从句不同之处不同之处1.1.从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步解从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步解释说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰限释说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰限定前面的名词。定前面的名词。The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（“消息消息”的内容的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利：我们队取得了决赛胜利）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（对（对“消息消息”加以限定：加以限定：是你告是你告诉我们的诉我们的而非来自其他渠道，但消息是何内容而非来自其他渠道，但消息是何内容却不得而知却不得而知）2.2.引导从句的关联词引导从句的关联词that的功能的功能不同：不同：that引引导同位语从句时是一个连词，不充当任何成分导同位语从句时是一个连词，不充当任何成分,但不能省略；而引导定语从句的但不能省略；而引导定语从句的that是关系代是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me a CD player if I passed the English test.（that 不充当任何成分）不充当任何成分）2)Dad made a promise that excited me.（that指代指代promise，在从句中充当主语。），在从句中充当主语。）Tell the difference1.The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2.The news that is spreading around the airport is that a heavy storm is coming.3.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.4.The suggestion that they are considering is that students should learn something practical.Exercises1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is cooperative and eager to learn from others.(2010上海春季上海春季)A.which B.that C.when D.why2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom?(2005辽宁辽宁)A.that B.what c.as D.which3.There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海上海)A.that B.which c.of which D.what1.Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcanthey2.Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput3.SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisB BC CI.语序问题语序问题考点归纳考点归纳DDII.用用if 或或whether 填空填空1.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.2.The question is _ this book is worth writing.3.It depends on _ we will have enough money.4._ they can do it matters little to us.5._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.whetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾的宾语从句只能用语从句只能用_，不能用，不能用if；b.后面紧跟后面紧跟ornot时时,用用_.whetherwhetherIII.that与与whether/if的选择：的选择：(1)_ knowledge comes from practice is known to all.A.What B.Where C.If D.That(2)It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week.A.that B.eitherC.whether D.when(3)I doubt _ he will come soon.(4)I do not doubt _ he will come soon.whether/ifwhether/ifthatthat 表示是否时用表示是否时用_,表示肯定时用表示肯定时用_whether/ifthat1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.2._ the earth is round is known to us all.3._ he won the race was _we expected.that:what:_只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义_起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示表示“所所的的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳归纳.that,what引导名词性从句的区别引导名词性从句的区别v.what&whatever;who&whoever;which&whichever1._ is worth doing is worth doing well.2._we need is more time.3._ broke the windows is still unknown.4._ breaks the law will be punished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoevern _等引导的名词性从句等引导的名词性从句不含有疑不含有疑问意义问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，相当于名词后加一个定语从句n_等引导的名词性从句都等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。whoever,whateverwho,what1.Its generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.which B.that C.whatever D.all what2.These wild animals are so special that I would do _ I can to save them.A.which B.that C.whatever D.all what3._ kills,sells or eats wild animals or birds,is to blame.A.Anyone B.Anyone who C.Those who D.ThoseExercises.名词性从句中的虚拟语气：名词性从句中的虚拟语气：He suggested that a meeting(should)be held immediately.It was suggested that a meeting(should)be held immediately.His suggestion was that a meeting(should)be held immediately.He made a suggestion that a meeting(should)be held immediately.表示表示建议建议,请求请求,命令命令,要求要求,坚持坚持等的名词性从句中谓等的名词性从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气语动词用虚拟语气.2.在主语从句中用来表示在主语从句中用来表示惊奇惊奇,不相信不相信,惋理应惋理应如此如此等等,谓语动词用虚拟语气谓语动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,常用句型有常用句型有1)It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that2)It is a pity(a shame,no wonder etc,)that 3)It is strange that she(should)think so.试区分以下句子试区分以下句子Do you know the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?1.1.如果是如果是定语从句定语从句，它的从句是不完整的，它的从句是不完整的，关关系代词系代词在句中充当在句中充当成分成分的；而的；而同位语从句同位语从句中的中的thatthat只起连接作用只起连接作用,不做成分不做成分。2.2.定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语同位语从句则解释说明前面从句则解释说明前面名词名词的的具体内容具体内容。(同从同从)(定从定从)拓展拓展1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that3.Thereason_Ihavetogois_mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;becauseConsolidation:4._Icantunderstandis_shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because5._hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif6.Itisknowntous_wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that7.Ihavetheinformation_.A.ofwhathellcomesoonB.thathellcomesoonC.ofthathellcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon8.-Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.-_itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak9.Itremainsaquestion_wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what10.-CanIhelpyou?-Yes,doyouknow_?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscomeD.whenthebuscomes11.Hemadeapromise_anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.thatif12.Theylosttheirwayintheforestand_mademattersworsewas_nightbegantofall.A.what;thatB.it;thatC.what;whenD.which;what13.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.ThatC.theseD.them14.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how15.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.（MET92）AwhileB.thatCifDforII.Choosethebestanswer1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.thatII.Choosethebestanswer4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherc.thatD.which1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how2.Theyreceivedorders_theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB