学生信息管理系统C语言基于链表文件.doc

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#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<windows.h>
#include<string.h>

#define LEN sizeof(struct student)
#define DAT_FILENAME "Information.txt"

/**********************定义数据构造********************/

struct date
{
int year;
int month;
int day;
};
struct student
{
int ID;
char Name[8];
int age;
char xb;
char telephone[15];
char address[40];
struct date birthday;
char email[40];
struct student *next;
};

/*************************函数原型*********************/
void DispMainMenu();
void DisplayInformation(struct student *head);
struct student *FindstudentID(struct student *head,int findID);
struct student *FindstudentName(struct student *head,char findname[]);
struct student *InformationInput(struct student *head);
void QueryInformation(struct student *head);
struct student *EditInformation(struct student *head);
struct student *Insert(struct student *head,struct student *p);
void Save(struct student *head);
struct student *Read(struct student *head);
struct student *Delete(struct student *head,int findID);
struct student *Add(struct student *head);
void Help();

/************************显示主菜单***************************/

void DispMainMenu()
{
printf("*********************************学生信息管理系统******************************\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t1--信息录入\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t2--信息修改\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t3--信息查询\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t4--保存数据到文件\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t5--翻开数据文件\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t6--文件追加\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t7--帮助\n");
printf("\n");
printf("\t\t\t\t0--退出\n");
printf("\n");
printf("友情提示：初次使用请先阅读帮助\n");
printf("*******************************************************************************\n");
printf("请选择(0-7):");/*显示主菜单*/
}

/*************************************帮助**************************************************/
void Help()
{
printf("\n\t\t\t欢送进入帮助系统!\n\n");
printf("\t1.请按照主菜单提示选择所需执行功能的数字代号!\n");
printf("\t2.所有文件请按照规输入\n");
printf("\t3.刚开场执行程序时假设需要文本文件里的数据，请先进展读取文件信息!\n");
printf("\t4.修改信息以后，请切记需要保存!\n");
printf("\n");
}

/***********************显示所有学生信息**********************/
void DisplayInformation(struct student *head)
{
struct student *p;
printf("*******************************************************************************");
printf("\n学号\t\t年龄\t性别\t \t\t地址\t 出生年月\t email\n");
p=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
p=head;
if(head!=NULL)
while(p!=NULL)
{
printf("%-d\t%-s\t%-d\t",p->ID,p->Name,p->age);
printf("%-c\t%-s\t%-s\t",p->xb,p->telephone,p->address);
printf("%-d %d %d",p->birthday.year,p->birthday.month,p->birthday.day);
printf("\t%-s\n",p->email);
p=p->next;
}
else
printf("无数据\n");

}

/**************************查找指定学号的学生信息******************************/

struct student *FindstudentID(struct student *head,int findID)
{

struct student *p;
p=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
p=head;
if(head!=NULL)
while(p!=NULL)
{
if(p->ID==findID)
break;
p=p->next;
}
else
printf("无数据\n");

return p;
}

/***************************查找指定的学生信息**********************/

struct student *FindstudentName(struct student *head,char findname[])
{

struct student *p;
p=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
p=head;
if(head!=NULL)
while(p!=NULL)
{
if(strcmp(p->Name,findname)==0)
break;
p=p->next;
}
else
printf("无数据\n");

return p;
}

/********************学生信息录入**********************************/

struct student *InformationInput(struct student *head)
{
int number,i;
struct student *p;
p=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
printf("\n请输入本次录入的学生人数：");
scanf("%d",&number);
for(i=0;i<number;i++)/*输入 number 个学生的信息*/
{

printf("请输入第%d个学生的学号〔八个字符以〕:",i+1);
scanf("%d",&p->ID);
printf("\t\t\t ：\t");
scanf("%s",p->Name);
printf("\t\t\t 年龄：\t");
scanf("%d",&p->age);
printf("\t\t\t 性别(男M、女W)：");
scanf("%s",&p->xb);
printf("\t\t\t (八位)：\t");
scanf("%s",p->telephone);
printf("\t\t\t 地址：\t");
scanf("%s",p->address);
printf("\t\t\t 出生年月：\t");
scanf("%d%d%d",&p->birthday.year,&p->birthday.month,&p->birthday.day);
printf("\t\t\temail:\t");
scanf("%s",p->email);
head=Insert(head,p);
p=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
}
printf("\n 您的输入信息是：\n");
DisplayInformation(head);
return(head);
}

/**************************学生信息查询*************************/

void QueryInformation(struct student *head)
{
char select;
int findID;
char findname[8];
struct student *p;
printf("*********************请选择查询方式*************************\n");
printf("\t1--按学号查询；\t2--按查询\n");
printf("************************************************************\n");
printf("请选择(1-2):");/*显示菜单信息*/
select=getche();
getch();
switch (select)
{
case'1':
printf("\n 按学号查询\n 请输入学生的学号：");
scanf("%d",&findID);
if((p=FindstudentID(head,findID))!=NULL) /*找到指定学号的学生*/
{
printf("\n 查找结果如下：\n");
printf("\n学号\t\t年龄\t性别\t \t\t地址\t 出生年月\t email\n");
printf("%d\t%s\t%d\t",p->ID,p->Name,p->age);
printf("%c\t%s\t%s\t",p->xb,p->telephone,p->address);
printf("%d %d %d",p->birthday.year,p->birthday.month,p->birthday.day);
printf("\t%s\n",p->email);
}
else /*没有找到*/
printf("您输入的学号不存在！\n");
break;

case'2':
printf("\n 按查询\n 请输入学生的：");
scanf("%s",&findname);
if((p=FindstudentName(head,findname))!=NULL) /*找到指定的学生*/
{
printf("\n 查找结果如下：\n");
printf("\n 学号\t \t 年龄\t 性别\t \t 地址\t 出生年月\t email\n");
printf("%d\t%s\t%d\t",p->ID,p->Name,p->age);
printf("%c\t%s\t%s\t",p->xb,p->telephone,p->address);
printf("%d %d %d",p->birthday.year,p->birthday.month,p->birthday.day);
printf("\t%s\n",p->email);
}
else /*没有找到*/
printf("您输入的不存在！\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误！\n");
}
}

/*********************************修改学生信息***********************/

struct student *EditInformation(struct student *head)
{

int findID;
char select;
struct student *p;
printf("\n 请输入学生的学号：");
scanf("%d",&findID);
if((p=FindstudentID(head,findID))!=NULL) /*找到指定学号的学生*/
{
printf("*********************请修改方式*************************\n");
printf("\t1--修改信息；\t2--删除信息\n");
printf("************************************************************\n");
printf("请选择(1-2):");
select=getche();
getch();
switch (select)
{
case'1': /*修改信息*/
printf("您选择的是修改信息！\n");
printf("姓 名：%s\n",p->Name);
printf("原信息：学号：%d\t 年龄：%d\t 性别：%c\n",p->ID,p->age,p->xb);
printf("\t ：%s\t 地址：%s\temail:%s\n",p->telephone,p->address,p->email);
printf("请输入新信息\n");
printf("学号\t");
scanf("%d",&p->ID);
printf("：\t");
scanf("%s",p->Name);
printf("年龄：\t");
scanf("%d",&p->age);
printf("性别(男M、女W)：");
scanf("%s",&p->xb);
printf("：\t");
scanf("%s",p->telephone);
printf("地址：\t");
scanf("%s",p->address);
printf("出生年月：\t");
scanf("%d%d%d",&p->birthday.year,&p->birthday.month,&p->birthday.day);
printf("email:\t");
scanf("%s",p->email);

break;
case'2': /*删除信息*/
printf("您选择的是删除信息！\n");
head=Delete(head,findID);
break;
}
}
else /*没有找到学号匹配的记录*/
printf("您输入的学号不存在!\n");
return (head);
}

/**************************有序插入***************************************/

struct student *Insert(struct student *head,struct student *p)
{
struct student *p0,*p1;
if(head==NULL)
{
head=p;
p->next=NULL;
return(head);
}
if(p->ID<head->ID)
{
p->next=head;
head=p;
return(head);
}
p1=head;
while((p->ID>p1->ID)&&(p1->next!=NULL))
{
p0=p1;
p1=p1->next;
}
if(p->ID<p1->ID)
{
p->next=p1;
p0->next=p;
}
else
{
if(p->ID==p1->ID)
;
else
{
p1->next=p;
p->next=NULL;
}
}
return(head);
}

/*******************************保存数据到文件**************************/

void Save(struct student *head)
{
FILE *fp;
struct student *p;
p=head;
if((fp=fopen(DAT_FILENAME,"w+"))!=NULL) /*以W+的方式翻开文件*/
{
while(p!=NULL)
{
fprintf(fp,"%d\t",p->ID);

fprintf(fp,"%s\t",p->Name);

fprintf(fp,"%d\t",p->age);

fprintf(fp,"%c\t",p->xb);

fprintf(fp,"%s\t",p->telephone);

fprintf(fp,"%s\t",p->address);

fprintf(fp,"%d %d %d\t",p->birthday.year,p->birthday.month,p->birthday.day);

fprintf(fp,"%s\n",p->email);

p=p->next;
}

/*将链表的容写入文件*/
fclose(fp);
}
else
printf("cannot open file\n");
}

/***************************翻开数据文件************************/

struct student *Read(struct student *head)
{
struct student *p;
p=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
FILE *fp;
if((fp=fopen(DAT_FILENAME,"r"))!=NULL)
{
/*读取文件中的容到链表中*/
while(fscanf(fp,"%d\t",&p->ID)!=EOF)
{

fscanf(fp,"%s\t",p->Name);

fscanf(fp,"%d\t",&p->age);

fscanf(fp,"%c\t",&p->xb);

fscanf(fp,"%s\t",p->telephone);

fscanf(fp,"%s\t",p->address);

fscanf(fp,"%d %d %d\t",&p->birthday.year,&p->birthday.month,&p->birthday.day);

fscanf(fp,"%s\n",p->email);
head=Insert(head,p);
p=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
}
fclose(fp);
}
else
printf("cannot open file\n");
return head;
}

/**************************文件容追加************************/
struct student *Add(struct student *head)
{
head=Read(head);
head=InformationInput(head);
return (head);
}

/**************************删除信息****************************/

struct student *Delete(struct student *head,int findID)
{
struct student *pre,*p;

if(head->ID==findID)
{
p=head;
head=head->next;
}
else
{
pre=head;
p=pre->next;
while(p!=NULL&&p->ID!=findID)
{
pre=p;
p=p->next;
}
if(p->ID==findID)
pre->next=p->next;
}
free(p);
return (head);

}

/*********************************主函数***************************/

void main()
{
char select,c;
struct student *head;
head=NULL;
select=0;
while(select!='0')
{
DispMainMenu();
select=getche();
getch();
switch(select)
{
case'0':

printf("\n您选择的是退出！\n");
_beep(300,400);
continue;
case'1':
system("cls");
printf("\n您选择的是信息录入！\n");
head=InformationInput(head);
break;
case'2':
system("cls");
printf("\n您选择的是信息修改！\n");
head=EditInformation(head);
break;
case'3':
system("cls");
printf("\n您选择的是信息查询！\n");
QueryInformation(head);
break;
case'4':
system("cls");
printf("\n您选择的是保存数据到文件！\n");
Save(head);
break;
case'5':
system("cls");
printf("\n您选择的是翻开数据文件！\n");
if((head=Read(head))!=NULL)
DisplayInformation(head);
break;

case'6':
system("cls");
printf("\n您选择的是文件追加！\n");
head=Add(head);
break;
case'7':
system("cls");
printf("\n您选择的是帮助！\n");
Help();
break;

default:
printf("\n选择错误！请重新选择！\n");
}
printf("请选择返回主界面或退出!\n"); //选择是否继续
printf("主界面:1\t退出:2\t");
scanf("%d",&c);
while(!(c==1||c==2))
{
printf("选择错误，请重新选择!");
printf("\n主界面:1\t退出:2\t");
scanf("%d",&c);
}
if(c==1)
system("cls");
else
{
system("cls");
_beep(300,400);
printf("\n\t您已平安退出!\n");
break;
}
}

}

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