2023中考英语时事热点话题专练-14-数字经济和大数据时代-(含解析).docx

14数字经济和大数据时代
2023中考英语时事热点话题专练
一、阅读单项选择A
The number of people who have died worldwide in the CVID-19 pandemic （新冠肺炎疫情）has passed three million, according to Johns Hopkins University（约翰霍普金斯大学）.The milestone（转折点）comes the day after the head of the WHO （世卫组织）warned the world was “Reaching the highest rate of infection"（最高感染率） so far. India experiencing a second wave recorded more than 230.000 new cases （病例）on Saturday alone.
More than 140 million cases have been recorded all over the world since the pandemic began.
WHO chief Dr. Tedros warned on Friday that "cases and deaths are continuing to increase at worrying speeds''. He added that “All over the world, the number of new cases every week has nearly doubled over the past two months,,.
The US, India and Brazil, the countries with the most recorded cases, have accounted fbr more than a million deaths between them, according to Johns Hopkins University.
Last week, an average（平均）of 12,000 deaths a day reported around the world, according to news agency AFP. However, official figures worldwide （世界官方•数据）may not fully reflect the true number in many countries. 根据短文内容，选择最正确答案。
1. How many people have died all over the world according （o Johns Hopkins University?
A. More （han 3,（X30,000.B. Less than 3,000,000. C. More than 30,0（X）,（）（）0. D. Lessthan 30,000,000.
2. Which of the following statements is RICHT?
A. According to Johns Hopkins University, the world was reaching the highest rate of infection.
B. India experiencing a second wave recorded more than 230.000 new cases only in one day.
C. More than 140 million cases have been recorded all over India since the pandemic began.
D. Dr. Tedros is the head of Johns Hopkins University.
3. Which countries has the most infections?
A. The UK, the US. and India.B. Brazil, the UK. and India.
C. Brazil, （he US. and India.
D. Britain, the US and Brazil.

20. According to the text, warmer temperatures.
A. are mainly caused by poor countriesB. may bring advantages to rich countriesC. had no influence on the world beforeD. can improve the poorest people's health
21. What does “suffer” underlined in Paragraph 4 most probably mean in Chinese?
A.供应B.犹豫C.遭受D.谋利Which of the following will face great economic problems caused by climate change?
A. The UN.B. The USA.C. Ireland.D. Burkina Faso.
22. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Climate change will make poor countries poorer. B. We must take action to deal with climate change.
C. Climate change can cause millions of early deaths. D. People make good predictions about climate change.
23. From which is the text most probably taken?
A. A geography textbook.B. A health magazine.
C. A research paper.D. A storybook.
【答案】20-24. BCDAC
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了气温升高会对贫穷国家造成重大影响，使他们更加贫穷。
20 .细节理解题。influence has been less big in richer countries—with some even benefiting （获益） from higher temperalures.”可知，在较富裕的国家，气候变化的影响较小，有些国家甚至从高温中获益。所以， 气温升高可能会给宫裕国家带来好处。应选Bo.词义猜想题。根据画线词后句“as they arc already."以及前文“poor countries will likely face very serious challenges, including the disappearance of whole communities and millions of early deaths.”可知I, 贫穷国家很可 能面临非常严重的挑战，包括整个社区的消失和数百万人的过早死亡。所以，贫穷国家会遭受气温升高所 带来的影响。画线词suffer意为“遭受”，应选C。
21 .细节判断题。根据"The influence is greater elsewhere,especially in sub-Saharan, African driven the average income more than 20% lower.”可知，布基纳法索（非洲国家）将面临由气候变化引起的重大经济问题。应选Do
22 .主旨大意题 o 根据“Scientists have long predicted that wanner temperatures caused by climate （气候）change will have the big influence on the world's poorest people.”以及通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了气温升高会对贫 穷国家造成重大影响，使他们更加贫穷。应选A。
23 .推理判断题。根据"Scientists have long predicted that wanner temperatures caused by climate （气候）change will have the big influence on the world's poorest people. New research now suggests that has already happened over the past years「可知，科学家们早就预测，气候变化导致的气温升高将对世界上最贫穷的人产生重大影 响。新的研究说明，这种情况在过去几年已经发生了。本文最有可能来源于一篇研究论文。应选C。
二、阅读回答下列问题请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题，要求所写答案语法正确，语义完整，并把答案 写在答题卡指定的位置。
“Clear your plate. Say no to wastc.^ It means do not waste a grain of food. Food waste has become a big problem these days. According to the United Nations, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted every year—that's about a third of the world,s total food. In China alone the restaurants wasted 17 to 18 million tons of food a year from 2013 to 2015. That could feed 30 to 50 million people for a whole year.
To reduce the waste, People have taken measures to control food waste. In Shaanxi province, restaurants were asked to serve half portions （半份）to avoid waste. The Wuhan Catering Association （餐饮协会）suggested that restaurants use the "N-l mode^^. For example, a group of 10 diners should only order enough fbr nine people at first. If people can't finish their incals, they arc also encouraged to take the leftovers （剩菜）home. On WcChat, a mini-program called “Clear Plate” invites people to exchange pictures of their empty plates fbr credit points （信用分）.People can use the credit to buy things or give food to children in poor areas.
“Wc hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to carry out （he virtue （美德）of cherishing food and developing the habit of thrift,said Liu Jichen, developer of the mini-program.
24. What does “Clear your plate. Say no to waste.^^ mean?
25. How much food is wasted every year according to the United Nations?
26. Why did the restaurants in Shaanxi serve half portions to their customers?
27. Where can the people in “Clear Plate" exchange pictures?
28. What does Liu Jichen encourage the younger generation to do?
【答案】It means do not waste a grain of food.
25. There is 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted every year according to the United Nations.
26. Because they wanted to avoid waste/reduce waste.
27. On WeChat.
28. He encourages them to carry out the virtue of cherishing food and developing the habit of thrift.
【分析】文章介绍了为了防止食物的浪费，不同地区采取的“光盘行动”的具体做法及表现形式。
25 .根据“It means do not waste a grain of fbod”可知，“光盘行动”的意思是不要浪费一粒粮食。故填It means do not waste a grain of food.
26 .根据"According to the United Nations, 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted every year—that's about a third of the world's total food”可知，据联合国统计,每年有 13 亿吨食物被浪费,SfciM There is 1.3 billion tons of food is wasted every year according to the United Nations.
27 . 根据“To reduce the waste, People have taken measures to control food waste. In Shaanxi province, restaurants were asked to serve half portions （半份）to avoid waste.”可知，在陕西省，餐馆被要求提供一半的食物是为了 防止食物浪费。故填 Because they wanted to avoid wastc/rcducc waste.
28 .根据“On WeChat, a mini-program called “Clear Platc^^ invites people to exchange pictures of their empty plates for credit points （信用分）.”可知，在微信上，有一个名为“清空盘子”的小程序邀请人们交换空盘子的照片 以获得积分，故填On WeChat。
29 . 根据“"We hope our efforts can start a new trend among the younger generation, encouraging them to carry out the virtue （美德）of cherishing food and developing the habit of thrift,said Liu Jichen, developer of the mini-program.”可知，刘季晨希望在年轻一代中掀起一股新的潮流，鼓励他们发扬珍惜食物的美德，养成节 俭的习惯，故题 He encourages them to carry out （he virtue of cherishing food and developing the habit of thrift.
三、短文选词填空A. consider, B. familiar, C. common, D. servious, E. seems
Phone calls are no longer the everyday habit they once were. The development of digital technologies over the past twenty years means it's now more 30. to “talk" by sending messages. You might not make frequent phone calls. As with anything, the less 31. you are with a certain task, the more likely you will have problems with it.
Speaking on the telephone 32. more challenging than other forms of communication. Social media, email and texts give you lime to 33. what you want to say. You have space to think about what people might really mean and what your answer is going to be.
A. information, B. shape, C. practice, D. connected, E. popular
Although the phone might not be your preferred or most 34. choice of communication, it's still necessary to learn how to make a phone call. Having conversations on the phone can strengthen relationships. Hearing a friend's voice can help you to feel more 35. than simply seeing their words appear on a screen. Sometimes the phone is the quickest way to get the 36. you need-when you start working, it could also be essential. However, i( takes a little bit of 37. to feel a lot more confident.
【答案】30-34. CBEAE
35-37. DAC【分析】
文章大意：本文说的是 交际的问题。文章介绍了 交流的特点和需要的技巧。
30 .句意：在过去的二十年里，数字技术的开展意味着通过发送信息来“交谈”变得更加普遍。根据“The development of digital technologies over the past twenty years means it's now more ...to "talk" by sending messages.”,结合备选词汇，可知过去二十年数字技术的开展意味着现在更常见的是通过发送消息来“交谈”。 common”常见的、普遍的“，符合题意，应选C。
31 .句意：就像任何事情一样，你对某项任务越不熟悉，你就越有可能遇到问题。根据下文“the more likely you will have problems with it.“结合"the less ... you are with a certain task,“结合备选词汇，可知你对某项任务 越不熟悉，你就越有可能出现问题。familiar“熟悉的”，符合题意，应选B。
32 .句意：打 似乎比其他交流方式更具挑战性。根据"Speaking on the telephone…more challenging than other fbnns of communication.”结合下文语境，可知 交流似乎比其他形式的交流更具挑战性。seems是 seem的第三人称单数，意思是“似乎、看上去”，符合题意，应选E。
33 .句意：社交媒体、电子邮件和短信给了你时间考虑你想说什么。根据下文“You have space to think about what people might really mean and what your answer is going to be.”结合语境，可知社交媒体、电子邮件和短信 给了你时间考虑你想说什么。consider”思考、考虑”，符合题意，故填A。
34 .句意：尽管打 可能不是你更加喜欢或最受欢迎的交流方式，但学会如何打 仍然是必要的。根 据“Although the phone might not be your preferred or most... choice of communication, it's still necessary to leam how to make a phone call.”结合备选词汇，可知尽管打 可能不是你更加喜欢或最受欢迎的交流方式， 但学会如何打 仍然是必要的。popular"受欢迎的”，符合题意，应选E。
35 .句意：比起简单地在屏幕上看到朋友的话语，听到朋友的声音能让你更加感觉亲近。根据"Hearinga friend's voice can help you to feel more ... than simply seeing their words appear on a screen.”结合备选词》匚， 知听到朋友的声音可能让你觉得比仅仅在屏幕上看到他们的留言更加亲近。connected“有联系的”，符合题 意，应选Do.句意：有时， 是获得你需要的信息的最快方式当你开始工作时•。根据"Sometimes the phone is the
quickest way to get the ... you need-when you start working,”结合备选词汇,可知有时 是你需要获取信息的 最快速的方式。infbrmation“信息”，符合题意，应选A。
36 .句意：然而，这需要经过一点练习才能让人感觉更加自信。根据"However, it takes a little bit of... to feel a lot more confident ”结合语境及备选词汇，可知这需要经过一点练习才能让人感觉更加自信。practice是不 可数名词，意思是“实践、练习“，符合题意，应选C。
4. The last paragraph mainly tells us that.
A. there will be the most deaths all over the world soonthere were the most deaths last week all over the world
B. official figures worldwide may reflect lager number of deaths in many countriesofficial figures worldwide may reflect smaller number of deaths in many countries
5. Which should be the best title of the passage?
A. The COVID-19 pandemic is in control all over the word.
B. How to poet ourselves in the COVID 19 pandemic.
C. The cause of the COVID-19 pandemic.
D. The COVID-19 pandemic is still serious in some countries.
【答案】1-5. ABCDD
【分析】本文介绍了世界各地新型冠状病毒疫情的情况。
1 .细节理解题。根据“The number of people who have died worldwide in the CVID-19 pandemic （新冠肺炎疫 情）has passed three million, according to Johns Hopkins University （约翰霍普金斯大学）.”可知，根据约翰霍 普金斯大学的数据，全球范围内死于新冠肺炎疫情的人数已超过300万。应选A。
2 .细节理解题。根据“India experiencing a second wave recorded more than 230.000 new cases（病例）on Saturday alone.”可知，印度也经历了第二次疫情，一天内新增病例超过23万例。应选B。
3 .细节理解题。根据“The US, India and Brazil, the countries with the most recorded cases, have accounted for more than a million deaths between them, according to Johns Hopkins University”可知，感染人数最多的国家有： 巴西、美国和印度。应选C。
4 .推理判断题。根据“However, official figures worldwide （世界官方数据）may not fully reflect the true number in many countries”可知，然而，世界各地的官方数字可能不能完全反映许多国家的真实数字，因此世界各地 的官方数字可能反映许多国家的死亡人数较少，应选D.
5 .标题归纳题。根据"The milestone （转折点）comes the day after the head of the WHO （世卫组织）warned the world was “Teaching the highest rate of infection^C 最高感染率）so fhr."和"The US, India and Brazil, the countries with the most recorded cases, have accounted for more than a million deaths between them, according to JohnsHopkins University”可,知，本文主要介绍了新型冠状病毒疫情在一些国家更严重，应选D。

In today's climate, industries often talk about the new popular word of this age, big data. Big data refers to data in general, mostly unorganized and unstructured. The use of big data has huge potential （潜力）for various industries, healthcare included. Facebook and Amazon, for example, use big data for their digital structures to match customers with their interests. Some experts in discussing big data have described it as the four Vs: Volume referring to a large amount of data; Velocity referring to the timely generation of data; Variety referring to the many forms of data; Veracity relen ing to （he quality of the data.
Some researchers discussed （he potential of big data in medicine recently. For example, big data can be used to improve decision-making when combined （结合）with other new technology like artificial intelligence （AI）. It is possible that big data can combine clinical （临床的）characteristics, lifestyle and environmental factors with AI in future clinical testing. However, this remains just a daydream at the present moment. So far, all big data techniques arc mainly descriptive. In the future, with advanced computational power, using big data in medicine is promising.
However, big data also has its limitations, and there arc several lessons wc must learn before using it effectively. First, big data is never well-managed and comes with a large degree of mess. Thus, selecting the correct technology with human power（o manage big data is of importance. Second, analytic （分析的）companies can misinterpret （误解）big data by using incorrect research questions to test their guesses or using the wrong tool to analyze the related data, resulting in delivering false messages.
Surgisphere, an American analytic company, is a typical example of what can go wrong through the analysis of big data. Surgisphere stated that it collected data from over 1 （）0（） hospitals worldwide. Although this is possible and new technology can complete this task with minimal human resources, it is difficult that this data can be well-managed. In addition, healthcare data is challenging to work with, as the combining of electronic medical records and data privacy are niiijor problems. Another example is the Cambridge analytic case （案例）,where data got from Facebook was used without permission.
When properly used, big data can be a game-changer fbr various industries, including the healthcare industry.
This requires well-managed data, related research questions, appropriate analytic tools, and advanced computational powers. In the wrong hands, big data can be a big threat that can bring industries into disorder as a whole.
6. According to the passage, Facebook and Amazon use big data to.
A. set up their healthcare industryB. correct their digital structuresC. meet customers' preferencesD. increase the amount of data
7. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Big data in medicine can be used well with improved computational power.
B. Medical records and data privacy are well-managed in health care.
C. The data was misleading in ihe Cambridge analytic case.
D. Amazon used the related data without false messages.
8. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To question wh