公开课-阅读策略与技巧.pptx

Do you enjoy this film?Do you enjoy this film?阅读思路阅读思路分析与解题方法分析与解题方法By Chen Zhimei Libao Middle School2010年江苏省高考考试说明阅读理解要求:w(1)理解语篇主旨大意w(2)理解文中的具体信息w(3)根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义w(4)根据文中的事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理w(5)理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系w(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度w(7)用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换 主旨大主旨大意意观点意观点意图图细细 节节 理理解解分析推理分析推理 猜测词义猜测词义20043284320052210422006311141200711962200811851200911671阅阅读读理理解解题题型型2.事实细节题事实细节题3.推理判断题推理判断题4.猜测词义题猜测词义题1.主旨大意题主旨大意题应试技巧与指导8 8一、主旨大意题一、主旨大意题段落（或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型：段落（或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型：1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.What is the authors main point?3.The main idea of the paragraph is_.4.Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?5.What does the paragraph mainly suggest?6.The paragraph centers on the point that_.7.The topic sentence of passage is _?8.Which is the best title?1010Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.）文首）文首）文首）文首开门见山开门见山开门见山开门见山,提出主题提出主题提出主题提出主题,随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表支撑或发展主题句所表支撑或发展主题句所表支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想达的主题思想达的主题思想达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式.ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten(ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1000peoplebitten(咬咬)bysnakes.“It)bysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(wasseeingpeoplewithsnakebites(伤口伤口)thatledmetothiscareer,)thatledmetothiscareer,hesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,Shuenteredamedicalschoolhesaid.In1963,afterhisarmyservice,ShuenteredamedicalschoolandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.AspartofhisstudiesandlaterbecameadoctorofChinesemedicine.Aspartofhisstudieshehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohehadtoworkinthemountains.Thereheoftenheardofpeoplewhohadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirhadtheirarmsandlegscutoffafterasnakebiteinordertosavetheirlives.lives.w wIwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.ItwasaveryIwasgreatlyupsetbythestoryofanoldfarmerImet.Itwasaveryhotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefelthotafternoon.Theoldmanwaspullinggrassinhisfieldswhenhefeltapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyaapaininhislefthand.Heatoncerealizedhehadbeenbittenbyapoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmpoisonoussnake.Innotimehewrappedaclothtightlyaroundhisarmtostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomehetostopthepoisonspreadingtohisheart.Rushinghomeheshouted,BringmetheknifeMinuteslaterthemanlosthisarmshouted,BringmetheknifeMinuteslaterthemanlosthisarmforever.forever.w wThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftoThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakesShusaid.helpingpeoplebittenbysnakesShusaid.2).2).首尾呼应。首尾呼应。首尾呼应。首尾呼应。为突出主题为突出主题为突出主题为突出主题,作者先提出主题作者先提出主题作者先提出主题作者先提出主题,结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题结尾时再次点出主题,这种首尾这种首尾这种首尾这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见呼应的写作方式也较为多见呼应的写作方式也较为多见呼应的写作方式也较为多见.通常通常通常通常,前后表述主题的句子不是前后表述主题的句子不是前后表述主题的句子不是前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复简单的重复简单的重复简单的重复,后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味1212A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate,A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate,compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness is an advantage;it makes man good at moving about is an advantage;it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size,because he movement of all living things of his own size,because he can do so many different things with his limbs.Mans games can do so many different things with his limbs.Mans games show how he can control his own body.No other land show how he can control his own body.No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such varied grace;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong varied grace;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease.Therefore man has a in its natural resistance to disease.Therefore man has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.and death that threaten him.3 3).).文尾文尾文尾文尾在表述细节后在表述细节后在表述细节后在表述细节后,归纳要点归纳要点归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象印象印象,结论建议或结果结论建议或结果结论建议或结果结论建议或结果,以以以以概括主题概括主题概括主题概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式 1313 NothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatireNothingisasusefulasaflashlightinadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisgoesflat.Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslightafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofatomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhandacamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenoutoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout.4).4).文中文中文中文中通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细文中的主题由随之陈述的细文中的主题由随之陈述的细文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出,而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展支撑或发展支撑或发展支撑或发展.TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat_.A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears,movedtoanotheruniversity.B.TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.C.TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity.D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail15155).5).无主题句无主题句无主题句无主题句即主题句隐含在全文中即主题句隐含在全文中即主题句隐含在全文中即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句没有明确的主题句没有明确的主题句没有明确的主题句.必须根据必须根据必须根据必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的必须注意的必须注意的必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。恰如其分。恰如其分。恰如其分。d e t a i l sPassageidea二、细节理解题二、细节理解题事实细节类题目常见的设问方式：事实细节类题目常见的设问方式：oWhich of the following is true according to the text?oChoose the right order of the events given in the passage.oAll of the following statements may be true except _.oWhich of the following is not the result of_?oWhich of the following is the main feature of _?oWhat can we learn from the passage?事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧1.1.若针对特殊标点符号若针对特殊标点符号,举例子举例子,名人名言出题名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，只需要阅读符号，例子例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。2.2.在出现一些关键词，如在出现一些关键词，如howeverhowever、butbut、moreovermoreover、thereforetherefore、thusthus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3.3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项4.4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must,never,the must,never,the most,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,most,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,completely,none,等。等。事实细节题解题技巧事实细节题解题技巧5.5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：是否一致。如：must,may,often,should,must,may,often,should,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,usually,might,most,more or less,likely,all,neverall,never，few few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。往往被忽视。6.6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及有提及.Atthefootofthesefairymountains,thevoyagermayhaveseenthelightsmokerisingfromavillage.Itisalittlevillagewithgreatage,havingbeenfoundedbysomeoftheDutchcolonistsandthereweresomeofthehousesoftheoriginalsettlerslivingwithinafewyears,builtofsomeyellowbricksbroughtfromHolland,havinglatticedwindows(格子窗)Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thereistoomuchthicksmokeinthevillage.B.ThevillageisverylargebutitlooksoldC.TheoriginalsettlersoncebuiltsomehouseofDutchstyleD.Thevillagewasonceveryrichinresources三、推理判断题三、推理判断题推理判断题常见句型：推理判断题常见句型：1.From the last paragraph,we can infer that _.2.Following the last paragraph,the author will perhaps _.3.The text is intended to _.4.By this passage the author mainly want to say _.5.It can be inferred from the example that _.6.The text is most probably taken from_.7.What lesson can we learn from the passage?Its not easy being a teenager（13至至19岁青少年）岁青少年）nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager.You can make your child feel angry,hurt,or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself.It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you youll still be there for him when he needs you.Expect a lot from your child,just not everything else open to discussion.If your child is unwilling to discuss something,dont insist he tell you whats on his mind.The more you insist,the more likely that hell clarn up.Instead,let him attempt to solve（解决）（解决）things by himself.At the same time,remind him that youre always there for him should he seek advice or help.Show respect for your teenagers privacy（隐私）（隐私）.Never read him his mail or listen in on personal conversions.Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family.If your child talks on the familys telephone for too long,tell him he can talk for15 minutes,but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time.This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls,but teaches your teenager moderation（节制）（节制）.Or if you are open to the idea,allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part time job 68.The main purpose of the text is to tell parents _.A.how to get along with a teenager B.how to respect a teenager C.how to understand a teenager D.how to help a teenager grow uptoonarrowWhyisntyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，Imsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthorsattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载解析：作者一是向读者说明这份报纸上只登载坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在坏新闻，如凶杀、行贿受贿和死亡等；二是在字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌字里行间流露出自己的抱怨情绪（对坏新闻厌恶透了），故应选恶透了），故应选A A。推断题的解题技巧推断题的解题技巧w对作者意图和目的的推理。对作者意图和目的的推理。考生可以利用确定中心思想(主旨)的方法先确定短文的主题和大意，然后分析句子之间的关系，在全面理解原文的基础上，推测出作者的写作意图和目的。w针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理.作者写文章时，经常持有某种态度或倾向。作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来。有时通过全文的叙述，有时通过全文的叙述，考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点；有时可以通过对作者使考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点；有时可以通过对作者使用的词汇用的词汇(多为形容词和副词多为形容词和副词)的分析，来推断出作者的态度的分析，来推断出作者的态度和感情，例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对，是主观批评和感情，例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对，是主观批评还是客观陈述。还是客观陈述。w数字的推断数字的推断w细节的推断细节的推断 四、猜测词四、猜测词/句意题句意题词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theauthorusestheword“”tomean_.2.Theunderlinedphrase“”means_.3.Accordingtothepassage,theword“”means_.4.Theword“”inparagraphrefersto_.5.By“”,theauthormeans_.6.whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“”?7.Whatis“”?1)Definition and explanation 利用定义和解释猜测词义利用定义和解释猜测词义 He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.The underlined word means_.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever2)Experience根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.The underlined word“rent”refers to_.A.to work to live B.to eat to live C.to teach to live D.to pay to use3)Related Information即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest4)Guessing from Comparison and Contrast根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.house5)Guessing word from description and exemplification 通过描述和例证猜词通过描述和例证猜词You can take any of the periodicals:Readers,Foreign Language Teaching in Schools,or English Learning.A.dictionaries B.story-books C.magazines D.newspapers 6)Guessing word from Synonym and Antonym.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved.The underlined word“illiterate”in the passage means _.A.Repeated B.reiterated.C uneducated D.sick7)Guessing word from Cause and Result通过原因与结果关系猜词通过原因与结果关系猜词SinceIhavefinishedmypapernow,Iamgoingtogivemyselfatreattonight.Iamgoingtowatchamovieoncampus,anactionmoviecalled“FaceOff”.Theunderlinedwords“atreat”heremeans_.A.anactionmovieB.somethingpleasanttoenjoyC.arestD.somethingnicetoeat8)Word formation 即根据前缀、后缀、复合、即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义派生等构词知识判断生词的词义(1)Overwork may cause diseases.前缀前缀over-的意思是的意思是“过分的、过量的过分的、过量的”故故overwork的意思应为的意思应为“工作过度工作过度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.satisfied的意思是的意思是“满意的满意的”，前缀，前缀dis-的意的意思是思是“不不”，故，故dissatisfied的意思应该是的意思应该是“不满意的不满意的”。9)根据标点符号推测词义。这类标点符号根据标点符号推测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices deluxe sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches.Santana sedans are the big favorite.The words“deluxe sedans,”“minivans”and“station wagons”used in the text refer to _.A.cars in the making B.car rental firms C.cars for rent D.car makersA good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act on the stage D.people who listen to something10）熟词新意）熟词新意11）词组推测。尽可能利用生词所在上下文猜）词组推测。尽可能利用生词所在上下文猜测词义，利用所熟悉的单词和词组和上下文档测词义，利用所熟悉的单词和词组和上下文档中以知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。中以知的部分进行逻辑上的推理。Rainforests like the Amazon are important mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to show the global warming.Currently the tree in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year:equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.The underlined phrase “mopping up”means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping up D.giving out “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”(02年年E篇）篇）74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy 12）句子推测）句子推测Find the meaning of the Find the meaning of the underlined part as underlined part as quickly as possiblequickly as possible猜你没商量 1.Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times,such as houses,pots,tools and weapons.A.地理学地理学B.生态学生态学 C.心理学心理学D.考古学考古学2.The football game was getting more and more exciting,however,the old lady was still as dozy as she usually was.A.昏昏欲睡的昏昏欲睡的B.亢奋的亢奋的 C.欣喜若狂的欣喜若狂的 D.麻木的麻木的3.She