英语语法知识点汇总：状语从句.docx

本文格式为Word版，下载可任意编辑英语语法学问点汇总：状语从句 英语语法学问点汇总：状语从句 教书育人楷模，更好地指导自己的学习，让自己不断成长。让我们一起到学习啦一起学习吧!以下是学习啦我为大家编辑的英语根底语法文章，欢送大家阅读！ 19.1 地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 19.2 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引导。 1) as, (just) asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso构造中位于句首，这时as从句带有比方的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体，例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你期望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如清扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2) as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说状况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的，例如： They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全无视了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。) He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。) It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。) 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次观看我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石，好像很生气。 19.3 缘由状语从句 比较：because, since, as和for 1)because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的缘由，答复why提出的问题。当缘由是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2)由because引导的从句假设放在句末，且前面有逗 号，那么可以用for来代替。但假设不是说明直接缘由，而是多种状况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 19.4 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 19.5 结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so that 或 suchthat引导，把握这两个句型，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。 比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性确定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 so foolishsuch a fool so nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money. such rapid progress so many peoplesuch a lot of people ( so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。) sothat与suchthat之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to school 19.6 条件状语从句 连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。. if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 unless = if not. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. 典型例题 You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 答案A。 句意：除非你马上走，否那么你就回迟到的。可转化为 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子如为 You leave immediately or you will be late. 19.7 让步状语从句 though, although 留意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用 Although its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但照旧努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。 (谚语) 典型例题 1) _she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless 答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道很多。 2)as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必需表语或状语提前(形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前)。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 留意： a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。假设实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 3)ever if, even though.即使 Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whetheror- 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 5)no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+后缀ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 留意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 (错)No matter what you say is of no use now. (对)Whatever you say is of no use now. 你如今说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句) (错)Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, (对)Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。 19.8 比较while, when, as 1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2)当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不行用as 或 while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3)从句表示随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。 As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一每天过去，天气越变越坏。 19.9 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。确定形式表示的意思是做某事直至某时，动词必需是连续性的。否认形式表达的意思是直至某时才做某事。动词为连续性或非连续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于推断句中的动词该用确定式还是否认式。 确定句： I slept until midnight. 我始终睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 (在确定句中可用before代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.) 否认句： She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6点才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告知我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候? - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。 留意：否认句可用另外两种句式表示。 (1)Not until 在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开场工作，我才生疏到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。 (2)It is not until that 19.10 表示一就的构造 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思，例： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 留意：假设hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必需用倒装构造： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 第 8 页 共 8 页