空间数据库试验参考指导书PostGIS的空间数据库操作.doc

PostGIS空间数据库操作1、SHP导入POSTGIS数据库导出sql再导入数据库方法1：以SQL文件为中间媒介实现shp导入空间数据库Step1：shp2pgsql-s4326F:spatialdatacities.shp citiesD:cities.sql说明：-s 设置坐标系统； F:spatialdatacities.shp指定数据源； cities 目标表名称。Step2：运行postgres数据库；输入登录密码：admin 进入数据库；选中postgis数据库Step3：点击工具栏上，弹出sql窗口Step4：点击，找到刚才生成SQL文件，打开，运行即可。方法2：经过命令行直接导入空间库Step1：shp2pgsql-s4326F:spatialdatacities.shppublic.citiespsql-Upostgres -p admin-dpostgis说明：-s 设置坐标系统； F:spatialdatacities.shp指定数据源 ；public.cities 目标表名称； U 用户名； p 密码； d 空间数据库名称。方法3：经过界面导入空间库Step1：在开始菜单中，运行 postgis 2.0下面 Step2：点击，设置数据库连接；确定，假如成功，在前一界面上会出现“Connection succeeded.”信息。Step3：点击，在对话框找到需要转入空间数据库shp文件，openStep4：点击即可导入数据Step5：假如数据中字段存在汉字话，能够点击进行编码设置。2、SHP导入POSTGIS数据库方法1：经过命令行直接导出shppgsql2shp-fd:shop_point.shp-hlocalhost-upostgres-Padmin postgis public.cities说明：-f d:shop_point.shp导出文件名称和路径； -h 数据库ip地址；U 用户名； p 密码； postgis 空间数据库名称；public.cities空间数据库表名称方法2：经过命令行直接导出shpStep1：在开始菜单中，运行 postgis 2.0下面Step2：点击，设置数据库连接；确定，假如成功，在前一界面上会出现“Connection succeeded.”信息。Step3：选择export界面Step3：点击；再点击即可3、PostGIS函数分类字段处理函数AddGeometryColumn为已经有数据表增加一个地理几何数据字段；DropGeometryColumn删除一个地理数据字段；SetSRID设置SRID值几何关系函数这类函数现在共有10个，分别是：Distance，Equals，Disjoint，Intersects， Touches Crosses， Within， Overlaps， Contains， Relate几何分析函数这类函数现在共有12个，分别是：Centroid， Area， Lenth， PointOnSurface， Boundary， Buffer， ConvexHull， Intersection， SymDifference， Difference， GeomUnion， MemGeomUnion读写函数这类函数很多，关键是用于在多种数据类型之间转换，尤其是在于Geometry数据类型和其它如字符型等数据类型之间转换，函数名如AsText、GeomFromText等。4、Geo-SQL查询Select c1.city_name From Cities C1, Rivers R Where ST_Overlaps(C1.geom,ST_Buffer(R.geom,3000)Select c1.city_name From Cities C1, (Select geom from rivers where name=Alabama) as m Where ST_Overlaps(C1.geom,ST_Buffer(m,3000)Select c1.city_name From Cities C1, (Select ST_Buffer(geom,3000) as dd from rivers where name=Platte) as m Where ST_Overlaps(C1.geom,m.dd)=trueSelect c1.city_name, ST_Overlaps(C1.geom,m.dd) From Cities C1, (Select ST_Buffer(geom,3000) as dd from rivers where name=Platte) as m 做一个点查询（查询州数据）ST_Within点查询城市 ST_Buffer、ST_Within查询某一州包含城市 ST_Contains查询面价大于XX州有哪些 ST_Area查询州名字（根据面积从大到小排序）ST_Area条件查询空间数据，查询结果空间数据，用文本显示 ST_AsText和某点距离小于XX要素有哪些（点线面分别查询一次）ST_Distance、ST_MakePoint查询名字为XX河流，流经哪些州 ST_Crosses将某个城市平移一定距离 ST_GeomFromText、ST_AsText附件：常见Geo-SQL查询1. SELECT shengjie_region.name,shijie_region.name FROM shengjie_region ,shijie_region where shijie_region.provincena = shengjie_region.name and ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), shengjie_region.geom) 点查询某省份，并找到该省份城市2. SELECT name FROM shijie_region where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), geom) 3. SELECT shengjie_region.name,shijie_region.name FROM shengjie_region ,shijie_region where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), shijie_region.geom) and ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), shengjie_region.geom) 4. SELECT shengjie_region.name,shijie_region.name,xianjie_region.name FROM shengjie_region ,shijie_region,xian_point,xianjie_region where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), shengjie_region.geom) and ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), shijie_region.geom) and ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), xianjie_region.geom) 5. SELECT name FROM guodao_polyline where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), geom) 点查询6. select name,st_distance(ST_MAKEPOINT(116.561, 40.276),geom) as distance from shengjie_region where name=天津市 or name =辽宁省 or name=北京市 7. select st_point(63.573566, 44.646244) from dual; 8. SELECT ST_AsText(geom) as wkt FROM shengjie_region where name = 新疆维吾尔自治区 9. SELECT ST_AsEWKT(geom) as buffer FROM shengjie_region 10. SELECT ST_AsText(st_transform(st_setsrid(ST_Buffer(st_transform(st_setsrid(st_geomfromtext( + wkt + ), 4326), 2333), 10800), 2333), 4326) FROM dual 11. SELECT ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758) from dual; 12. SELECT st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from gongyuan_point; 13. SELECT name FROM gongyuan_point where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.54, 38.91), geom) 14. SELECT ST_SetSRID(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),4326); 15. SELECT name,st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 ; 16. SELECT gid,name,st_setsrid(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),4326) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 ; 17. SELECT ST_Distance(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.55223 38.86758),4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.56224 38.87757), 4326),26986); 18. select gid,POINT(geom) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 ; 19. SELECT ST_Distance(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.55223 38.86758),4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.56171408 38.87784198), 4326),26986); 20. SELECT ST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.55223 38.86758),4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.56171408 38.87784198), 4326),26986),1500) from dual; 21. SELECT ST_DWithin(ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.55223 38.86758),4326),26986),ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.56171408 38.87784198), 4326),26986),1400) from dual; 22. SELECT name,st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 order by st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom); 23. SELECT ST_Transform(ST_GeomFromText(POINT(121.55223 38.86758),4326),26986) from dual 24. SELECT ST_Transform(point(t.geom,26986),5144) from gongyuan_point t 25. SELECT point(gongyuan_point.geom) from gongyuan_point 26. SELECT name, gid FROM gongyuan_point ORDER BY geom st_setsrid(st_makepoint(121.55223,38.86758),4326) LIMIT 10; 27. select st_extent(geom) as wgs84 from gongyuan_point; 28. select gid,st_x(geom),st_y(geom),st_z(geom),POINT(geom) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 ; 29. select gid,st_x(geom),st_y(geom),st_z(geom),POINT(geom),st_srid(geom) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 ; 30. select ST_Area(geom),gid,st_AsText(geom),st_x(geom),st_y(geom),st_z(geom),POINT(geom),st_srid(geom) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 ; 31. select ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from gongyuan_point where st_distance(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 0.02 ; 32. select ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from gongyuan_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 1000 ; 33. select ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from gongyuan_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 1500 ; 34. select ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom), ST_AsBinary(geom), ST_AsEWKT(geom), ST_AsEWKB(geom), ST_AsHEXEWKB(geom) from gongyuan_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 1500 ; 35. select name,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from gongjiaozhan_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 500 ; 36. select name,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from dasha_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 1500 ; 37. select name,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from dasha_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 1500 order by ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) limit 1 ; 38. select name,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) from chaoshishangcheng_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 500 order by ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) limit 1; 39. SELECT name FROM shengjie_region where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758), geom) 40. SELECT name FROM shijie_region where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758), geom)41. SELECT name FROM xianjie_region where ST_Within(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758), geom) 42. select name,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom),st_x(geom),st_y(geom) from dasha_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 3000 order by ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) limit 1 ; 43. select name,ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom),st_x(geom),st_y(geom) from binguanjiudian_point where ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) 3000 order by ST_distance_sphere(ST_MakePoint(121.55223, 38.86758),geom) limit 1 ; 44. select ST_AsEWKT(ST_Difference(st_geomfromText(LINESTRING(1 1,2 3,3 4,3 1),st_geomfromText(LINESTRING(2 0,2 2,5 2,3 1) from dual; 45. select ST_AsEWKT(ST_Difference(st_geomfromText(POLYGON(1 1,2 3,3 4,3 1,1 1),st_geomfromText(POLYGON(2 0,2 2,5 2,1 3,2 0) from dual; 46. select GeometryType(st_geomfromText(MULTILINESTRING(1 1,2 3,3 4,3 1,2 1,1 1),(1 2,2 3,4 5) from dual; 47. SELECT name,st_area(geom) as area from shengjie_region ORDER BY area DESC LIMIT 1; 48. SELECT st_Length2d(st_GeomFromText(MultiLineString(1 1,2 2,3 3),(4 4,5 5) from dual; 49. SELECT gid,name ,st_astext(geom) AS Linestring,st_length(geom) FROM guodao_polyline where name=东北路; 50. SELECT name, st_astext(geom) FROM guodao_polyline where gid=152415; 51. SELECT gid, st_astext (geom) AS MULTIPOINT FROM guodao_polyline WHERE gid = 152415; 52. SELECT st_astext(geom) AS MLINESTRING FROM guodao_polyline; 53. SELECT name FROM guodao_polyline where gid=152415; 54. SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_Line_Interpolate_Point(the_line, 0.5) 55. FROM (SELECT ST_GeomFromEWKT(LINESTRING(1 2 3, 4 5 6, 6 7 8) as the_line) As foo; 56. SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Line_Interpolate_Point(foo.the_line, ST_Line_Locate_Point(foo.the_line, ST_GeomFromText(POINT(4 3) FROM (SELECT ST_GeomFromText(LINESTRING(1 2, 4 5, 6 7) As the_line) As foo; 57. SELECT ST_AsText(ST_Line_SubString(ST_GeomFromText(LINESTRING(25 50, 100 125, 150 190), 0.333, 0.666); 58. SELECT ST_AsText(house_loc) As as_text_house_loc,startstreet_num + CAST( (endstreet_num - startstreet_num)*ST_Line_Locate_Point(street_line, house_loc) As integer) As street_num FROM (SELECT ST_GeomFromText(LINESTRING(1 2, 3 4) As street_line,ST_MakePoint(x*1.01,y*1.03) As house_loc, 10 As startstreet_num, 20 As endstreet_num FROM generate_series(1,3) x CROSS JOIN generate_series(2,4) As y) As foo WHERE ST_DWithin(street_line, house_loc, 0.2); 59. SELECT ST_AsText(the_geom) FROM (SELECT ST_LocateAlong( ST_GeomFromText(MULTILINESTRINGM(1 2 3, 3 4 2, 9 4 3), (1 2 3, 5 4 5),3) As the_geom) As foo; 60. SELECT ST_AsText(the_geom) FROM (SELECT ST_LocateBetween( ST_GeomFromText(MULTILINESTRING M (1 2 3, 3 4 2, 9 4 3), (1 2 3, 5 4 5),1.5, 3) As the_geom) As foo; 61. SELECT ST_AsEWKT(ST_Dump(the_geom).geom) FROM (SELECT ST_LocateBetweenElevations( ST_GeomFromEWKT(LINESTRING(1 2 6, 4 5 -1, 7 8 9),6,9)As the_geom) As foo 62. SELECT ST_InterpolatePoint(LINESTRING M (0 0 0, 10 0 20), POINT(5 5); 63. SELECT ST_AsText(ST_AddMeasure( ST_GeomFromEWKT(MULTILINESTRINGM(1 0 4, 2 0 4, 4 0 4),(1 0 4, 2 0 4, 4 0 4),10,70) As ewelev;