职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题二.doc

职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题二资料仅供参考第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 InsomniaInsomnia is the inability to sleep restfully. It is a problem to nearly everyone at some time. A person may be awake for an hour in the middle of the night and then, next morning, feel that he hardly slept all night. Normally, worry about not getting enough sleep is the worst aspect of most insomnia. If insomnia occurs repeatedly, it is important to find its possible causes and try to correct them. Any of large number of simple factors may make it difficult for someone to fall asleep. His mattress may be too soft or too hard. If there are too many blankets on a hot night, he may be too warm;if the mattress is too light he may feel cold during the night. The bedroom itself may be overheated or too cold. If it is not dark enough, or too noisy, this may cause difficulty in sleeping. Eating shortly before going to bed may also be responsible for insomnia. Drinks, such as tea or coffee, can also keep people awake. Inability to fall asleep is sometimes a symptom of emotional or mental disorder. The cause of insomnia may be easy to correct. The sufferer should check the mattress, and bedroom temperature, and make any necessary changes. He should relax for an hour or two before bedtime, perhaps by reading a book, watching television or taking a warm bath. If he wakes during the night he should try turning on the light and reading for a while. Taking warm milk and a biscuit or two may be helpful. Above all, he should try not worry about sleeplessnesswhen someone is tired enough he nearly always falls asleep. 31 According to the passage, insomnia isA a serious disease. B a common complaint. C a sign of illness. D an unusual problem32 According to the passage, people who has difficulty in sleeping should sleep in A a dark and quiet room. B a light and warm room. C a cold and quiet room. D a dark and warm room. 33 According to the passage, if a person wants to fall asleep fast he shouldntA eat anything during supper time. B read any books before he goes to bed. C watch television shortly before going to bed. D drink anything that will keep him awake. 34 According to the passage, what is the worst aspect of insomnia?A Watching too much television. B Eating too much before going to bed. C Worrying about sleeplessness. D Reading too much at night. 35 According to the author, insomnia shouldnt be a serious problem becauseA its cause can be corrected by making oneself feel tired enough. B doctors can cure it easily. C some people can catch up on their sleep during the day. D some people dont need so much sleep. 第二篇 Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning whats happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize which parts of the brain receive more oxygen- rich blood-and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly, related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.36. What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? A A small region of the brain. B The central part of the brain. C Neurons in the brain. D Oxygen-rich blood.37. Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer? A Cells in your brain are called neurons. B The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs. C fMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information. D fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.38. Highlighting the areas of the brain at work means A marking the parts of the brain that are processing information B giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information C putting the parts of the brain to work D stopping the parts of the brain from working39. What did the researchers experiment on? A Animals, objects, and fruits. B Two volunteers. C fMRI machines. D Thousands of pictures.40. Which of the following can be the best replacement of the title? A The Recent Development in Science and Technology. B Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned. C A Technological Dream.D Device that can Help You Calculate.第三篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers. The device could save thousands of lives each year by warning when an area should be evacuated, the scientists say. Such natural disasters arc common in countries that experience sudden, heavy rainfall, and can also be triggered by earthquakes and even water erosion.Landslides start when a few particles of soil or rock within a slope start to move, but the early stages can be hard to spot. Following this initial movement, slopes can become unstable in a matter of hours or minutes, says Nell Dixon at Southborough University1, UK. He says a warning system that monitors this movement might be enough to evacuate a block of flats or clear a road, and save lives. The most common way to monitor a slope for signs of an imminent landslide is to watch for changes in its shape. Surveyors can do this by measuring aside directly, or sensors sunk into boreholes or fixed above ground can be used to monitor the shape of a slope. Slopes can. however, change shape without triggering a landslide, so either method is prone to causing false alarms. Now Dixons team has developed a device that listens for the vibrations caused when particles begin moving within a slope.The device takes the form of a steel pipe dropped into a borehole in a slope. The borehole is filled in with gravel around the pipe to help transmit high-frequency vibrations generated by particles within the slope. These vibrations pass up the tube and are picked up by a sensor on the surface. Software analyses the vibration signal to determine whether a landslide may be imminent.The device is currently being tested in a 6-metre-tall artificial clay embankment in Newcastle2, UK. Early results suggest it should provide fewer false positives than existing systems. Once it has been carefully and thoroughly tested, the device could be used to create a complete early-warning system for dangerous Slopes. Locations with a significant risk of landslides could definitely benefit from a machine like this, says Adam Poulter, an expert at the British Red Cross. As long as it doesnt cost too much, But, Poulter adds that an early-warning system may not be enough on its own. You need to have the human communication, he says. Making systems that get warnings to those who need them can be difficult. 41. What does Such natural disasters in the first paragraph refer to? A Sudden, heavy rainfall. B Earthquakes. C Water erosion. D Landslides.42. Which of the following statements is true of landslides? A The initial movement is hard to spot. B They start with a movement of a few particles of soil or rock. C They can be destructive in a matter of hours or minutes. D All of the above.43. Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides? A Because the new device can measure the site directly. B Because the new device can be sunk into boreholes or fixed above ground. C Because the common methods .can cause false alarms. D Because the common methods are useless.44. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device, according to Paragraph 4? A It is filled in with gravel. B It consists of a steel pipe. C It is dropped into a borehole filled in with gravel. D It is connected to a sensor on the surface.45. According to the context, what does the word positives in the fifth paragraph mean? A Positive electric charges. B Evidences. C Warnings. D Predictions.第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Forms of Environmental Disease46 . How the diseases are expressed depends on how the particular environmental agent enters the body, how it is metabolized(引起代谢)，and by what route it is excreted. The skin, lungs, liver, kidneys, and 47 . Of particular concern is the capacity of many environmental agents to cause various cancers, birth defects or spontaneous affection (through fetal exposure), and mutations(突变)in germ cells, 48 . Environmental illnesses can be mild or severe and range from transient to chronic, depending on the doses of toxin(毒素)received. Some diseases occur abruptly at a toxic exposure, whereas the time of onset of other diseases varies after exposure. 49 . Those illnesses that occur directly after a distinct toxic exposure are usually easily identified as being environmentally or occupationally caused. If the exposure is not clear-cut or illness is delayed, however, the cause is difficult to identify, as clinical features alone are usually nonspecific. 50 . In such instances, epidemiological studies of exposed populations can help relate exposures to the illnesses they cause. A Environmentally induced cancers, for example, commonly involve latency (潜伏期)periods of 15 to 30 years or moreB In addition, many different causes, environmental or otherwise, may produce identical illnessesC However, the reverse is trueD nervous systems are commonly affected by different agents in different settingsE the lastnamed raising possibilities of environmentally caused genetic diseases in later generationsF Environmental diseases can affect any organ system of the body第6部分：完形填空(第5165题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Taking a Nap During the Day Medical experts say most Americans do not get 51 sleep. They say more Americans need to rest for a short period in the middle of the day. They are advising people to sleep lightly before 52 with other activities. One study earlier this year found that persons who sleep for a few minutes during the day were less 53 to die of heart disease. The study followed more than 2,300 Greek adults 54 about six years. Adults who rested for half an hour 55 three times a week had a 37 present lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not nap. Study organizers said the strongest evidence was in working men. They said naps might improve 56 by mitigating tension caused by work. Some European and Latin American businesses have supported the 57 of napping for many years. They urge people to 58 work, go home and have a nap before returning. In the United States, some companies let workers rest briefly in their offices. They believe this reduces 59 and accidents, and 60 increases the amount of work a person can do. Sleep experts say it is likely that people make more mistakes at work than at other times. They say people should not carry out important duties when they feel 61 And they say the best thing to do is to take a nap. About twenty minutes of rest is 62 you need. Experts say this provides extra energy and can increase your effectiveness 63 the end of the day. But experts warn that a nap 64 last no more than twenty to thirty minutes. A longer nap will put the body into deep sleep and waking up will be 65 .51. A sweet B sound C bad D enough52. A checking B sharing C continuing D meeting53. A lovely B likely C fondly D finely54. A for B at C inD with55. A at leastB at most C at last D at first56. A abilityB health C thinking D life57. A experimentB reform C idea D way58. A repeat B improve C change D leave59. A workB mistakes C energy D time60. A never B seldom C too D also61. A ready B good C sleepy D awake62. A all B few C any D nothing63. A unless B while C until D during64. A would B may C might D should65. A helpful