(英语)英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析.pdf

（英语）英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析（英语）英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The Metropolitan Museum of Art(Met)is one of the worlds largest and finest art museums.Following the suggested route will help you explore the museum.The Temple of Dendur This 2000-year-old building stood near the Nile River,surrounded by a wall that no longer exists.But you can still peek through the gateway.Whose house is this?Its not for people.Its forgods.Can you identify them?They face out.A king faces in,bringing offerings.MetSpeaks Bringing together some of the most respected thinkers on a given subject,MetSpeaks featureslectures,discussions,talks,films,and forums in which compelling voices explore timely issuesthat connect to the Mets exhibitions and permanent collection.Program times,audiences,andtopics vary.Time to Sketch Settle down for a few minutes,pick something in this gallery,and have fun drawing it.Enjoy thechance to look carefully as you create your own sketch.Youll be surprised at how much more younotice,thanks to exploring art by sketching.MetAccess Make the Met yours!Choose from a variety of services and exciting programs that are tailoredto meet the needs of visitors with disabilities.Program times,audiences,and topics vary.Ask for the Access Information brochure and Access Calendar at Information Desks,downloadthe Access Calendar(PDF),or call 212-650-2010 or email accessmetmuseum.org.AdmissionFee includes admission to the Main Building and same-week admission to the Cloistersmuseum and gardens.RecommendedAdultsSeniors(65 and older)StudentsMembers(Join Now)Fee$25$17$12FreeChildren under 12(accompanied by an adult)Free（1）How much is recommended to pay for 3 adult and 2 student visitors?A.111B.99C.87D.103（2）What can you know about the Temple of Dendur?A.A high wall is surrounding the 2000-year-old building now.B.A king faces out,bringingofferings in the temple.C.The building is designed for Emperor to live in.D.The Nile River witnessed the history ofthe building.（3）Which of the following is TRUE about the Met?A.Issues connected with economic crisis will be discussed in MetSpeaks.B.Visitors canchoose something in the gallery and have fun drawing it on the wall.C.Disabled people will find various services and programs offered especially for them.D.Youcan email accessmetmuseum.org for more Admission information.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，The Metropolitan Museum of Art 艺术博物馆是世界上最大和最好的艺术博物馆之一，本文主要介绍你可以参观博物馆的路线。（1）考查数字计算。根据框中内容 adult 是 25；students 是 12三个成年人是 75；两个学生是 24；两者加在一起是 99，所以选 B。（2）考查细节理解。根据 The Temple of Dendur 部分中的“This 2000-year-old building stoodnear the Nile River，surrounded by a wall that no longer exists”这座庙宇 2000 年前的建筑矗立在尼罗河附近，四周围着一堵已经不复存在的墙可以看出是尼罗河见证了它的历史，故选 D。（3）考查细节理解。根据 MetAccess 部分中的“Choose from a variety of services and excitingprograms that are tailored to meet the needs of visitors with disabilities”从各种各样的服务和激动人心的节目中挑选，以满足残疾人士的需要所以C 选项是正确的，选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和数字计算两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据先关信息进行计算，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keep you warm and cozy,allowing you tostay comfortable in a cooler room.Or,picture a car windshield that stores the suns energy andthen releases it as heat to make the ice on the windshield disappear.According to a team of researchers at MIT,both cases may be possible before long,thanks to anew material that can store solar energy during the day and release it later as heat.Thistransparent polymer film could be applied to many different surfaces,such as window glass orclothing.Solar energy is only available about half the time we need it during daylight.For the sun tobecome a major power provider for human needs,there has to be an efficient way to save it upfor use during nighttime and stormy days.Most such efforts have focused on storing andrecovering solar energy in the form of electricity,but the new finding,by MlI professor JeffreyGrossman,Postdoc David Zhitomirsky and graduate student Eugene Cho,could provide a highlyefficient method for storing the suns energy through a chemical reaction and releasing it later asheat.The key to enabling long-term,stable storage of solar heat,the team said,is to store it in theform of a chemical change rather than storing the heat itself.But heat will disappear over time nomatter how good the material around it is,so the team set up a chemical storage system that cankeep the energy in a stable molecular configuration.When exposed to sunlight,the moleculescan stay that way for long periods Then,when triggered(触发)by a very specific temperature orsomething else,the molecules return to their original shape,giving off heat in the process.Such chemically-based storage materials,known as Solar Thermal Fuels(STF),have beendeveloped before.But those earlier efforts were designed to be used in liquid solutions and notable to make durable(耐用的)solid-state films.The new approach is the first based on a solid-state material,in this case a polymer,and the first based on inexpensive materials andwidespread production technology.（1）What is the main purpose of Paragraph 1?A.To show the main idea of the passage.B.To practice readers imagination.C.To interest readers in the passage.D.To introduce a new kind of material.（2）According to the passage,what can the polymer film do?A.It can be made into window glass.B.It can make necessary electricity.C.It can store energy and release sunshine.D.It can absorb sunshine and give off heat.（3）According to the passage,what is STF based on?A.The chemical reaction.B.The movement of heat.C.The form of electricity.D.The physical reaction.（4）What is the advantage of the molecular configuration?A.It is less expensive.B.It is very powerful.C.It is easily available.D.It is less changeable.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型材料，它可以通过自身吸热并储存热量，之后能够根据需要释放热。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Imagine your clothing could release enough heat to keepyou warm and cozy,allowing you to stay comfortable in a cooler room.Or,picture a carwindshield that stores the suns energy and then releases it as heat to make the ice on thewindshield disappear.”想象一下你的衣服可以释放足够的热量让你温暖和舒适，让你可以在冰冷的房间里保持舒适。或者，再想象一下车的挡风玻璃可以储存太阳的能量，然后释放热量使挡风玻璃上的冰消失)可推测，本段以衣服和骑车挡风玻璃为例，提到了如果衣服能够吸热和放热、汽车的挡风玻璃能够吸热和自动除冰那该是多么好的事，以此来吸引对着对本文的兴趣。故选 C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“thanks to a new material that can store solar energyduring the day and release it later as heat.This transparent polymer film could be applied tomany different surfaces,such as window glass or clothing.”多亏了这种能在白天吸热之后以热能形式释放的新型材料，这个透明的聚合物膜可以应用于许多不同的表面，如窗户玻璃或服装)可知，这种聚合物膜可以吸热，此后再以热能的形式释放出来。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Such chemically-based storage materials,known asSolar Thermal Fuels(STF),have been develop ed before.”这种以化学反应为基础的储存材料，即太阳能热燃料(STF)，以前就已经被开发出来了，可知，STF 是以化学反应为基础。故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“But heat will disappear over time no matter how goodthe material around it is,so the team set up a chemical storage system that can keep the energyin a stable molecular configuration.”但是热量会随着时间的推移而消失，不管周围的物质有多好，所以研究小组建立了一个化学储存系统，可以将能量保持在一个稳定的分子结构中)可推断，这种分子结构的优势是相对稳定。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Basic information about three classical movies 1 Forrest GumpStupid is as stupid does,says Forrest Gump(played by Tom Hanks in an Oscar-winningperformance)as he discusses his relative level of intelligence with a stranger while waiting for abus.Despite his sub-normal IQ,Gump leads a truly charmed life,with a ringside seat for many ofthe most memorable events of the second half of the 20th century.(Click here to show more)Rating:PG-13(Under 13 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)Genre:Comedy,Drama,Romance Directed By:Robert Zemeckis Written By:Eric Roth In Theaters:Jul 6,1994 Wide On Disc/Streaming:Aug 28,2001 Box Office：$330,000,000 Runtime:142 minutes Studio:Paramount Pictures 2 Rain Man Self-centered,avaricious Californian Charlie Babbitt(Tom Cruise)is informed that his long-estranged father has died.Expecting at least a portion of the elder Babbitts$3 million estate,Charlie learns that all hes inherited is his dads prize roses and a 1949 Buick Roadmaster.Discovering that the$3 million is being held in trust for an unidentified party,Charlie heads to hishome town of Cincinnati to ascertain who that party is(Click here to show more)Rating:R(Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)Genre:Drama Directed By:Barry Levinson Written By:Ronald Bass,Barry Morrow,David Rayfiel,Barry Levinson In Theaters:Dec 16,1988 Wide On Disc/Streaming:Jan 1,2000 Runtime:133 minutes Studio:MGM 3 The Shawshank Redemption In 1946,a banker named Andy Dufresne(Tim Robbins)is convicted of a double murder,eventhough he stubbornly proclaims his innocence.Hes sentenced to a life term at the ShawshankState Prison in Maine,where another lifer,Ellis Red Redding(Morgan Freeman),picks him asthe new recruit most likely to crack under the pressure.But.(Click here to show more)Rating:R(Under 17 requires accompanying parent or adult guardian)Genre:A Prison Drama Directed By:Frank Darabont Written By:Frank Darabont In Theaters:Sep 10,1994 Wide On Disc/Streaming:Jan 27,1998 Runtime:142 minutes Studio:Columbia Pictures（1）Who is the director of Rain Man?A.Frank Darabont.B.Barry Morrow.C.Barry LevinsonD.Robert Zemeckis.（2）The type of The Shawshank Redemption is .A.prison dramaB.romanceC.loveD.comedy（3）Which of the following persons is regarded to be unintelligent in the three movies?A.Andy Dufresne.B.Charlie Babbitt.C.Forrest Gump.D.Rain Man.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三部经典电影的基本情况。这三部电影是阿甘正传、雨人和肖申克的救赎。（1）考查细节理解。根据Rain Man 部分中的“Directed By:Barry Levinson”可知，Rain Man的导演是 Barry Levinson。故选 C。（2）考查细节理解。根据The Shaw shank Redemption 部分中的“Genre:A Prison Drama，”可知，The Shaw shank Redemption电影的体裁是 A Prison Drama 监狱剧，故选 A。（3）考查细节理解。根据 Forrest Gump 部分中的Stupid is as stupid does,says ForrestGump.Despite his sub-normal IQ,Gump leads a truly charmed life.“傻人有傻福”阿甘（ForrestGump）的饰演者汤姆汉克斯说.。尽管他(阿甘)的智商低于正常水平，阿甘过着一种真正令人神往的生活。可知，阿甘的智力不高，所以不聪明。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。4阅读理解 On average,Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronicdevices and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors.That is a claim made by David Strayer,aprofessor of psychology at the University of Utah.In his 2017 TED Talk,Strayer explained that allthis time spent with technology is making our brains tired.Using an electronic device to answer emails,listen to the news and look at Facebook puts a lotof pressure on the front of the brain,which,Strayer explains,is important for critical(有判断力的)thinking,problem-solving and decision-making.So,it is important to give the brain a rest.And being in naure,Strayer claims,helps get a tiredbrain away from too much technology.More than 15,000 campers from around the worldattended an international camping festival in September.That is when friends and family taketime off and escape to nature for several days.They take walks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eatand play.Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.Take Carl for example.He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping.He says that stayingoutdoors makes him feel at ease.It also prepares him for the work he must do.Kate Somers isanother example who also lives in West Virginia.She says she enjoys camping with her husbandand two children.She calls it a“regenerative”experience.At the University of Utah,David Strayer has studied both short-term and long-term exposure tonature.He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calmthe brain and helps it to remember better.However,he found,it is the long-term contact withnature that does the most good.He and his research team found that spending three days innature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.（1）What is David Strayers opinion?A.Americans dislike outdoor activities.B.Electronic equipment should be quitted.C.New technologies are a double-edged sword.D.Electronic equipment brings great convenience.（2）Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?A.To try another lifestyle.B.To refresh our brain.C.To make better decisions.D.To play with our family and friends.（3）What does the underlined word“regenerative”mean?A.Reborn B.Memorable C.Remarkable D.Tiring（4）Which is the proper title for the passage?A.Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain.B.Good Rest Develops Good Memory.C.Tips on Using New Technologies.D.Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文，主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息。（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Using an electronic device to answer emails,listen to the newsand look at Facebook puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain可知，电子产品和网络信息给我们带了方便，也给我们大脑产生了巨大的压力，故可知，科技是一把双刃剑，故选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段So,it is important to give the brain a rest.And being in nature,Strayer claims,helps get a tired brain away from too much technology.可知，亲近大自然，可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离科技产品，让大脑获得休息，故选B。（3）词义猜测题。根据前文 Take Carl for example.He lives in West Virginia and enjoyscamping.He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease.It also prepares him for the workhe must do.可知，喜欢露营，呆在户外让他感到轻松，能够为必须做的工作做好准备，故可知这个过程是一个再生的过程，让大脑休息的过程，故选A。（4）主旨大意题。本文主要阐述电子产品的过多使用让大脑得不到休息，因而鼓励人们多进行户外活动，让大脑休息，故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解 Visitors to the grounds of New College at Englands Oxford University pass under an iron gatewith the advice:Manners make the man.Even after an appropriate update to:Manners make theperson,its thought-provoking(引人深思的)especially to todays Americans.When we think about what makes the person its more likely the degree,the job,the salary.Since when do we count manners as a measure of success?We do know that these would make life nicer,if more tolerable.However,we forget oroverlook our manners.So,it seems,does everyone elseincluding,unluckily,our children.As a university president,one of my great joys is to visit our campuses and see our students,though were separated by different generations,interests,and,of course dressing,each studenttells me something within the first few minutes that we meet:whether he or she has been taughtmanners.I sense this in different ways:through her words or her gestures,in the way she listensor how he refers to friends and faculty,how she greets and says goodbye,how he responds whenan elderly person enters the room.In the absence of manners,however,I make some allowances.For instance,the manyethnic(种族的)groups that students represent often have different explanations of what makesup good manners.In other cases,some students may reject what theyve learned to break fromtheir parents and be accepted by other students.Whether students are being different or openlyopposing,a recent experience I had with them tells me that theres some hope for reviving andgood manners.Good manners dont just guarantee acceptance.Good manners open doors to deeperconnections and more meaningful roles in our society.Good manne