(英语)英语阅读理解各地方试卷集合.pdf

（英语）英语阅读理解各地方试卷集合（英语）英语阅读理解各地方试卷集合一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解A 12-year-old with end stage cancer,the childs parents had recently moved her from thehospital to her home in the suburbs of Los Angeles.Some days later the girls breath quickened,and her father phoned the familys hospice nurse.Please come,he said.The nurse knew the visit would require more than four hours of her time:a two-hour drive ineach direction,plus her time with the girl.Why dont we connect over FaceTime,she asked.Thefather agreed,and they connected.The nurse asked the father to move his daughter gently to her side,then to her back,to lift thechilds shirt.The nurse would ask:What do you see,what concerns you,and the father wouldexplain.In this fashion the pair examined the girl-the nurse on her computer,the father hisiPad.Together they decided that the nurses presence was not necessary,that the child had moretime.Later,the father reported feeling comforted by the nurse.He appreciated her availability,thefact that she could see what he saw,and their ability to discuss it in real time.Telemedicine has become a trend in America.Some hospitals have gone so far as to speciallydesign telemedicine clinics.The room is staged like an office but with better lighting.Theres anice desk for the clinician to sit behind,a computer situated stage left,and books in thebackground.A physician taking a video call from home might wear a pair of headphones,equipped with a mic-to ensure whatever the patient says isnt broadcast to anyone off-camera.However,there is something more than the technology bit.According to David,the head of thetelemedicine pilot the girls family had been part of,there are some people who are great inperson and you put the m on camera theyre a dead fish.“Some physicians are camera shy.Forothers,the physical isolation can actually help them be more empathetic.”He adds.“My experience is that,once you get past some initial hurdles,you can maintain an intimate,immediate connection with patients that in some cases may be more useful than even in-personinteractions,”David says.（1）Why did the nurse suggesting connecting via FaceTime?A.Because she was not allowed to leave her clinic.B.Because she had to take care of otherpatients in the clinic.C.Because it took too much time on her way to patients home.D.Because the father didntpay for her fare of transportation.（2）How did the father think of the telemedicine service?A.He doubted the quality of the service.B.He thought highly of the service.C.He insisted the service be improved.D.He challenged the authority of the nurse.（3）What do we know about the rooms for telemedicine?A.Better air conditioners are provided for a comfortable environment.B.Mics are equippedto protect privacy of patients.C.Professional books are in place for immediate consultation.D.The room with a computeris situated in the doctors home.（4）What challenges may clinicians face in telemedicine?A.They are afraid of being isolated from patients.B.They could not examine the patientscarefully.C.They are required to deal with in-person interactions.D.They may not feel quitethemselves in front of a camera.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了远程医疗已经成为美国的一种趋势有些医院甚至专门设计了远程医疗诊所。（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The nurse knew the visit would require more than fourhours of her time:a two-hour drive in each direction,plus her time with the girl.Why dont weconnect over FaceTime,she asked.”可知，护士建议通过视频通话是因为需要太多的时间她才能到达病人的家。故选 C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“He appreciated her availability,the fact that she couldsee what he saw,and their ability to discuss it in real time.”可知，这位父亲感激这位护士的帮助，感激护士可以看到他看见的并和他进行实时讨论，因此推断这位父亲高度赞扬这样的服务。故选 B。（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“equipped with a mic-to ensure whatever thepatient says isnt broadcast to anyone off-camera.”可知，远程治疗室配备了麦克风确保病人的隐私。故选 B。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“there are some people who are great in personand you put them on camera theyre a dead fish.“Some physicians are camera shy.Forothers,the physical isolation can actually help them be more empathetic.”He adds.可知，一些内科医生在镜头面前是害羞的。因此推断在远程诊疗时，医生在镜头面前会感到不舒服。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2Directions:Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passageyou have just read.When she was ten years old,Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance.Ifthat job was left to any other ten-year-old,it would have turned out frustrating,difficult,and alittle discouraging.But Duncan was different.Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even atthat age,but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.Its no surprise,then,that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company,she foundherself restricted.The existing dancing style,their way of operating all of this seemed to her thework of a misguided past.Duncan was very direct about what she wanted,confidently tellingpeople she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world.This,naturally,led to ridicule and laughs early on,but as she built up her work,these instancesbecame less frequent.Today,she is remembered as The Mother of Dance,with much of themodern art owing its expressive style to her influence.Inspired by the ancient Greeks,shebrought the style to life.In her autobiography(自传),one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of herexpressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasnt constantly watched.Theexpectations of her mother(who raised her)were open-ended.It was the freedom of thislifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up,before she left school,she was told one of two things:that she was eithercompletely useless or that she was a genius.There was nothing in between.Even when shestarted working,people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her.But there wasnt onemoment Duncan doubted her own genius.There is an old quotation if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree,it will live its wholelife believing that it is stupid.And it captures an important truth.At school,Isadora Duncan wasa failure.In the dance hall,she gave form to brilliance.（1）What does the underlined phrase treat troubles as fuel mean?A.Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B.Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C.Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D.Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A.Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B.Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C.Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D.Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A.It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B.Everybody is a genius in his own way.C.Miseries come from human stupidity.D.Teachers can impact students greatly.（4）What is this passage mainly about?A.Isadora Duncans childhood and her achievements today.B.Duncans career development and other dancers opinions of her.C.Isadora Duncans early experiences and the reasons for her success.D.Duncans high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，伊莎多拉邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，作者讲述了她的早期的经历以及其取得成功的原因。（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Not only was she already talented enough to earnmoney even at that age,but she also had a rare kind of confidence”即使在那个年龄，她也有足够的天赋去挣钱，而且她还有一种罕见的自信；以及“something to elevate the fire that isalready burning inside of her”能让她心中燃烧的火焰更旺，可推测出划线部分的意思应为“用困难推动她向梦想前进”。故选 A。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Duncan was very direct about what she wanted,confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in theworld.This,naturally,led to ridicule and laughs early on,but as she built up her work,theseinstances became less frequent.”可知，她自信地告诉人们她对舞蹈有不同的看法，她将在世界上传播。很自然，这在一开始就引起了人们的嘲笑和大笑，但随着她的工作越来越多，这样的事情就不那么频繁了。由此可知，她的舞蹈风格一开始不被人们接受。故选C。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree,it willlive its whole life believing that it is stupid.”如果你以爬树的能力来判断一条鱼，它终其一生都会认为自己是愚蠢的。接着又指出在学校里，伊莎多拉邓肯是个失败者。在舞厅里，她光彩夺目。由此可推断出，作者在最后一段想要告诉我们每个人都是独特的天才。故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。伊莎多拉邓肯十岁时辍学去教别人跳舞，文章主要介绍了她的经历以及所取得的成功。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were,for a long time,considered second-class citizens.As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted,chickens distinguish amongone hundredchicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation.When givenproblems to solve,they reason:hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to giveup an immediate food reward for a slightly later(and better)one.Healthy hens may aid friends,and mourn when those friend die.Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols.When a research team led by Candace Croney atPenn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs,only theO carriers offered food to the animals.The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the Os.Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols.Still,thepigs walked only toward the O-shirted people:they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format,a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.Ive been guilty of prejudiced expectations,myself.At the start of my career almost fourdecades ago,I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.Theyre other primates(灵长目动物),after all,animals from our own mammalian(哺乳动物的)class.Fairly soon,I came to see that along with our closest living relatives,whales too are mastersof cultural learning,and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their socialcompanions.Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift inour society:the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedurekin laboratories,elephants forced to perform in circuses,and dolphins kept in small tanks attheme parks.Over time,though,as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish,chickens,pigs,goats,and cows,I started to wonder:Will the new science of food animals bringan ethical(伦理的)revolution in terms of who we eat?In other words,will our ethics start tocatch up with the development of our science?Animal activists are already there,of course,committed to not eating these animals.But whatabout the rest of us?Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us tomake changes in who we eat?（1）According to Annie Potts,hens have the ability of_.A.interaction B.analysis C.creation D.abstraction（2）The research into pigs shows that pigs_.A.learn letters quickly B.have a good eyesightC.can build up a good relationship D.can apply knowledge to new situations（3）Paragraph 4 is mainly about_.A.the similarities between mammals and humansB.the necessity of long-term studies onmammalsC.a change in peoples attitudes towards animalsD.a discovery of how animals expressthemselves（4）What might be the best title for the passage?A.The Inner Lives of Food Animals B.The Lifestyles of Food AnimalsC.Science Reports on Food AnimalsD.A Revolution in Food Animals【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述了我们原来当作食物的动物实际上也有情感有思想，它们有一定的分析推理能力。人类不应只将它们当作食物。（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“When given problems to solve,they reason:hens trained topick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later(and better)one”可知，当解决问题时，母鸡们会推理：例如，受过挑选彩色纽扣的训练的母鸡们有时会选择放弃即时的食物奖励，换取稍晚一些(而且更好)的食物奖励。由此可知，母鸡们具备分析能力。故B 选项正确。（2）推理判断题。由第三段中的“Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols.When aresearch team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks markedwith X and O symbols around pigs,only the O carriers offered food to the animals.The pigs soonignored the X carriers in favor of the Os.Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirtsprinted with X or O symbols.Still,the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people:they hadtransferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format,a notinconsiderable feat of reasoning.”可知，一些研究者拿着带 X 标记的木板，一些研究者拿着带O 标记的木板，只有拿带 O 标记木板的研究者给猪提供食物，猪很快就只理会这些研究者了。当木板换成带X 和 O 标记的衬衫时，猪仍然只走向那些穿带 O 标记衬衫的研究者。这表明猪将把知识转移到了二维的形式，这是一种相当大的推理壮举。结合选项，D 选项正确。（3）段落大意题。由第四段中的“At the start of my career almost four decades ago,I wasfirmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals.Fairly soon,I cameto see that along with our closest living relatives,whales too are masters of cultural learning,andelephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions.Long-termstudieshelped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society:the public no longer so easily acceptsmonkeys made to undergo painful procedure kin laboratories,elephants forced to perform incircuses,and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.”可知，数十年前，作者坚信猴子和猩猩在思考能力和情感上都胜过其他的动物。很快，作者就意识到除了猴子和猩猩，鲸鱼也是文化学习的主人，大象也表现出高兴等情感。长期的研究也促进着我们社会观点的转变：我们不再认为猴子只能是实验室里的实验对象，大象只能在马戏团里进行表演，海豚只能被养在主题公园狭小的池子里。很明显，本段介绍的是人们对动物看法的转变。故C选项正确。（4）标题归纳题。第一段提出：科学开始拥抱原来被我们认为是二等公民的动物们（即：我们对某些动物的看法正在发生变化）。第二和第三段以母鸡和猪为例告诉读者：通过科学研究，母鸡和猪也具备情感，也具备分析推理能力。第四段介绍了人们对动物看法的转变。第五和第六段呼吁读者：动物有自己的情感和思想，我们不要只将动物当成我们的食物。结合每段大意可知，该文主要是围绕动物也有情感有思想来展开的。故 A 选项适合做该文标题。【点评】文章标题解题技巧：（1）要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；（2）再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；（3）要注意题目是过大还是过小；（4）要避免下列三种错误：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。4阅读理解 Who could have imagined that a treadmill(跑步机)on wheels would one day become a thing?Lopifit is an unusual means of transportation that allows you to power an electric bicycle bywalking on a treadmill.Lopifit founder Bruin Bergmeester says it all started when he asked himself the question.Howcan I use a treadmill outdoors?He eventually came up with a design,to which he added anelectric engine,and Lopifit was born.The treadmill bicycle is similar to a typical electric bicycle inthat the motor only works when the rider puts power in as well.The Lopifit senses it when youwalk on the treadmill and uses the motor to turn a drive chain at the back part of the treadmill,helping you reach a top speed of 17 miles per hour.To use the Lopifit,simply turn on the battery and use your feet to slide the treadmill backwardsand activate(激活)the motor.Then get on and enjoy the ride!If you need speed,just walk onthe treadmill,and if you want to coast,all you have to do is stay still and admire the view.To stop,you have two hand brakes available.The Lopifit first hit the streets in 2014 and,unsurprisingly,became an instant hit.That wasactually quite challenging for the company,because it started get inquiries and calls for orders,but it was nowhere near ready for mass production.The unique treadmill bicycle becameavailable this year,and Lopifit is struggling to keep up with demand,despite the high price tag of$2,115.But despite having a very loyal fan-base