专题—英语中的固定句式.doc

专题—英语中的固定句式

年 级
初三
学 科
英语
版 本
上海牛津版
内容标题
寒假专题（一）
编稿老师
郑月

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
寒假专题（一）

［学习过程］
英语中的固定句式
一. It takes sb. some time (money)to do sth.
某人花费多少时间(金钱)做某事。例如：
1. It often takes me half an hour to watch TV every evening.
每天晚上我常常用半小时看电视。
2. It took me ten yuan to buy the book last week.
上周我花了10元买那本书。
3. How long will it take them to finish the work?
完成那项工作需要花费他们多少时间？
●使用该句式要注意的是：sb. 如果代词表示用宾格；take随时态改变；句中的时间用段时间,对此提问用how long。
例：It takes us more than two hours to do our homework every day.
It took us more than two hours to do our homework yesterday.
It will take us more than two hours to do our homework tomorrow.
How long did it take you to do your homework yesterday?

二. It’s time to do sth. 该做某事了
同义句为：It’s time for sth. / doing sth.
例：It’s time to go to school. 该上学了。(It’s time for school.)
It’s time to get up. 该起床了。(It’s time for getting up.)
此句可以扩展为：
It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时间了。
for sb. to do sth. 是动词不定式的复合结构。例：
It’s time for me to work.
到我工作的时间了。
It’s time for you to go to school.
到你们上学的时间了。

三. 主语+be(not)+adj. +enough to do sth. (某人、某物)足够(不能)做某事。例：
The boy is old enough to go to school.
这个孩子到了上学年龄。
I’m tall enough to reach the top of the tree.
我够高能够到树顶。
●此句是肯定句时,可以用主+be +so+ adj.+ that的句型(即so…that…表示的结果状语从句)来替换。
The boy is so old that he can go to school.
I’m so tall that I can reach the top of the tree.
●此句是否定句时,既可以用so…that…引导的结果状语从句来替换,还可以用too…to…句式替换。例：
He is not old enough to go to work.
他太小不能去上班。
He is so young that he can’t go to work.
He is too young to go to work. 再如：
The box is not light enough for me to carry.
这个箱子太重我搬不动。
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it.

四. sb. +be ready + to do sth. (某人乐意做某事)
He is always ready to help others.
他总是乐于帮助别人。
I’m always ready to make new friends.
我总是乐于结交新朋友。

五. It’s +adj. + for / of sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事……例：
It’s dangerous for children to play football in the street.
对孩子来说在街上踢足球是很危险的。
It’s good for us to take more exercise.
对我们来说多运动是有益的。
It’s very kind of you to say so.
你这样说真是太好了。
It’s very kind of you to help me.
你真好,肯帮我。
●该句式中,引导动词不定式的逻辑主语的介词用for还是of,主要取决于前面的形容词。如果形容词是描述动词不定式的行为者的性格、品质的。如：kind, good, nice, wrong, right, clever, careless, foolish等,应用of；如果形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对动词不定式的行为者的品质进行评价的,就用for. 常见这类形容词有difficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous等。
It’s wrong of you to do it.
你做这件事是错的。
It’s hard for you to be a lawyer.
对你来说做律师很困难。

六. 主+would like / love to do sth. …喜欢(想做某事)
I’d like to go there with you.
我很想和你一起去那。
I’d love I like to help you study English.
我很愿意帮你学英语。
此句式还可以扩展为：
would like / love sb. to do sth.
“喜欢/想让某人做某事。”
I’d like you to stay here.
我想让你留在这。
I’d like them to help me.
我想让他们帮助我。

七. had better do sth. (……最好做……)
It’s very cold outside, you’d better put on your coat.
外面很冷，你最好穿上大衣。
We’d better go right now.
我们最好马上去。
…had better do 的否定式为…had better not do. (在better后加not即可)例：
You’d better not speak when your mouth is full of food.
满嘴食物时你最好别讲话。

八. Why don’t you +动词原形+…？(Why not+动词原形……？)你为什么不……？
This book is a bit hard, why not read something easier?
这本书有点难，为什么不读些容易的？
It’s warm here, why don’t you take off your coat?
这很暖和，你为什么不脱掉外衣？
There is a seat, why not sit down?
还有座位，怎么不坐下？

九. Would / Will / Could you please +动词原形+…？
请你……好吗？(用来请求对方为自己做某件事)
Would you please bring some water with you?
请你带点水来好吗？
Will you please help her with her maths?
请你帮她学数学好吗？

十. …prefer …to do sth. rather than do sth….宁愿……也不愿……
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
我宁愿呆在家里，也不愿出去。
She prefers to be poor rather than get money in such a way.
她宁愿受穷也不愿以这种方式挣钱。

十一. It’s one’s turn to do sth.
该轮到谁做某事了。
one’s用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格来替换。例：
It’s my turn to be on duty.
该轮到我值日了。
It’s Li Ping’s turn to clean the blackboard.
该轮到李平擦黑板了。
It’s our turn to do the cleaning.
该轮到我们做大扫除了。
It’s Danny’s turn to give a talk.
该轮到Danny做报告了。

十二. 主语+be+形容词+to do sth. …做某事如何。例：
I’m sorry to hear that.
听到这事我很难过。
I’m glad to see you again.
再次见到你我很高兴。

【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一、综合阅读
A
Dear Knowledgeable,
My best friend, Mei, has a problem. There is a really important English speech contest for our whole city next month. Our classmates want her to (A) the class in the school contest. (B)Everyone is sure she will win. It’s probably true. Mei is very clever, and can speak English really well. In fact, (C) she always comes top in the school exams. The problem is that she’s very shy. (D)她不想让她的朋友失望， (E)but she’s terrified of speaking in front of other people. She is my friend, so she can tell me that she’s shy. But she can’t tell everyone that. I don’t think they would believe her. I can’t think of any good advice to give her, (F)but you always come up with good solutions to people’s problems. What do you think I should tell Mei? What do you think I should tell the rest of the students?
1. 在(A)处填入一个适当的词语：
2. 将画线部分(B)改写成：Everyone she will win.
3. 将画线部分(C)译成汉语：
4. 将画线部分(D)译成英语：
5. 将画线部分(E)改写成：but she’s speak in front of other people.
6. 将画线部分(F)译成汉语：

B
If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty confident. (A)Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest. You know what you want, and you know how to get it. (B)Sometimes you might annoy people because you’re so confident.
If you answered a for most questions, you are outgoing and fairly confident. You have plenty of friends, and (C)you enjoy the company of other people. People come to you when they want advice. Your friends would probably say that (D)你容易相处.
If most of your answers were b , you are probably a shy person. (E)You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group. You would also rather stay at home and read a book (F)
go to a party. You have a small circle of very good friends. Your friends would probably say (G)你是一位好的听众.
1. 将画线部分(A)改写成：Social situations don’t bother you .
2. 将画线部分(B)改写成： you might annoy people
3. 将画线部分(C)译成汉语：
4. 将画线部分(D)译成英语：
5. 将画线部分(E)译成汉语：
6. 在(F)处填入一个适当的词语：
7. 将画线部分(G)译成英语：

二、选词填空
A
sometime likely come remember way dot once hundred circling at last have
(1) there was no zero .To write the number sixty-three ,people wrote 63.To write six (2) and three, people wrote 6 3.The space was there to mean “not any ” tens .(3) people did not remember the space .It was hard to see and to read.
Later people used a (4) to hold the space .Six hundred and three looked (5) this 6·3.But the dot was hard to see .So people put a (6) around it like this 6⊙3.Then people could see the dot. They remembered the space.
(7) only the circle around the dot was used .It was like a zero. This is one story of how the zero (8) to be used.
Now zero (9) many important uses. Zero tells how many .Can you tell some other (10) zero is used?
B
decide about many much might few little serious what schoolwork spend fifteen-year-old
Many teenagers have hobbies. But sometimes hobbies can get in the way of 1___, parents 2___ worry about their child’s success at school. Teenagers often think they should be allowed to practice their hobbies as 3___as they want. Do you agree?
Liu Yu, a 4____student from Shandong, is a running star. He wanted to be a professional athlete. However, his parents won’t allow him to train as much as he would like to. But Liu Yu said “ I think I should be allowed to make 5____ for myself, my parents have always taught me the importance of working hard and not just to do 6___ I enjoy. But I’m 7___ about running. Being a professional runner is the only thing I have ever to do.” But their parents said, “He has to understand that 8___ people can become professional athletes. It’s a difficult dream to achieve. We think he needs to 9___ time on his home work.”
But Liu Yu disagrees. “I know my Parents care 10____ me, but they are always talking about what will happen if I don’t succeed. But I will succeed! I think I should be allowed to make this decision for myself. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.”

三、完形填空
The 1__________day,my friends and I talked about the 2__________ that we have in school. At our school, we 3__________ to wear uniforms every day. The problem is that all my classmates think the uniforms are ugly. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more 4___________ our clothes than our studies. We disagree. We would feel more comfortable and that is good 5___________ studying .if we can’t do that, we should be 6___________ to design our own uniforms. That would be a good way to keep 7___________ teachers and students happy.
It’s also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot8___________ each other. We also think that vacations should be longer.9__________ present they’re too short. Longer vacations would give us time to do things like volunteering. Last summer I had an 10____________ to volunteer at the local hospital, but I couldn’t because I had to go back to school. It would be a good experience for me because I want to be a doctor when I’m older.
( )1.A.another B. other C. others D. other’s
( )2.A.sports B. life C. rules D. lessons
( )3.A.have B. want C. would like D. had
( )4.A.in B. with C. at D. on
( )5.A.at B. for C. with D. about
( )6.A.able B. allow C. allowed D. followed
( )7.A.all B. whole C. few D. both
( )8.A.about B. from C. with D. for
( )9.A.at B. with C. on D. for
( )10.A.chance B. idea C. opportunity D. opinion

【试题答案】
一、综合阅读
A 1. represent
2. believes that
3. 她在学校考试中总是名列前茅/夺冠。
4. She doesn’t want to let her friends down.
5. afraid to
6. 但是你总是能想出解决人们问题的好办法。
B 1. at all
2. At times
3. 你喜欢他人陪伴/同他人在一起。
4. you are easy to get along with.
5.你喜欢同一两个人而不是一群人交谈。
6 than
7. you are a good listener.

二、选词填空
A：1. once 2.hundred 3.sometimes 4.dot 5.like 6.circle 7.At last 8.came 9.has 10.ways
B：schoolwork, might, much, fifteen-year-old, decisions, what, serious, few, spend, about

三、完形填空
1~5 BCADB 6~10 CDBAC

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