自考英语二资料unit10.doc

自考英语二资料unit10

Unit 10 Ode to Public Transport

Ode to Public Transport
补充主要单词trans-words：
transmit / transform / transplant / transport / transfer / transit
transmit v. 传送，传染，传输（热，光，声音等）
a disease that can be transmitted to humans
Insects can transmit disease.
Irons transmit heat. 铁能导热。
Water transmits sound better than air. 水比空气能愈加好传声。
transmission n. 传送，传染，传输
the transmission of diseases 疾病传输
transform v. 使改变性质，使改观
transform sth/sb (from sth) (into sth)
She transformed the room by painting it.
The climate has transformed the area from a desert into a swamp.(沼泽)
Caterpillars can be transformed into butterflies. 毛毛虫能够变为蝴蝶。
transformation n. 改变，改观
His character seems to have undergone a complete transformation since his marriage.
transplant v./n 移植
transplant sth from sb/sth to sb/sth
transplant a kidney （肾）from one twin to the other
transport v./n. 运输，搬运
transport wheat from a farm to a mill (磨坊)
public transport 公共交通
transportation n. 交通，运输
various means of transportation 各种交通方式
注意：transport和transportation都能够表示运输这个抽象概念。可是transportation更多表示运输，而transport同时能表示运输器材。
如：I need some transport to deliver the goods. 我需要某一运输工具运输这批货物
transfer v/n. 将…… 由一处转移到另一处，调动，转车
transfer sth/sb (from…) (to…)
His employer transferred him to another office.
The head office has been transferred from London to Paris.
She's has been transferred to our Beijing branch.
transfer one's affections （比喻）转移爱心
transfer to another bus 转乘另外一辆公共汽车
They will be offered transfers to other locations. 她们将得到去其它地方调动令。
It can be connected to a PC for the transfer of information. 它能够连接到个人电脑上进行信息转录。
transit v. 过渡，经过，横越
airplanes transiting the U.S. and Canada
transition n. 过渡，转变，变迁
a period of peaceful transition
the transition from childhood to adulthood
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. proclaim v. 宣告；宣告；申明
2. sector n.（尤指一国经济）部门，领域，行业
3. necessity n. 必须事物；必须品
　necessary
　necessarily
4. arrangement n. 安排；筹备
5. territory n. 领土；版图；领地
6. upfront adv. 预付地；预交地
7. sunburn n. 晒斑；晒伤
8. groceries n. 食品杂货
9. radius n. 半径（长度）
10. expense n. 费用；价钱
11. annually adv. 一年一次地
12. household n. 一家人；家庭
13. commute n. 上下班旅程
14. switch v. （使）改变，转变
15. transport n. 交通车辆；运输工具；旅行方式
16. carbon n. 碳
17. majority n. 大部分；大多数
　major
　minor
　minority
18. wean v. 使逐步戒除恶习（或防止依赖…）
19. dependence n. （生存或成功必须）依靠，依赖，依存
　depend
　dependent (on / upon)
　independent (of)
　dependently
　independence Day
20. approximately adv. 大约；大约；约莫
21. petroleum n. 石油：原油
22. exception n. 规则例外；例外事物
23. electrical adj. 电；用电；发电
24. economic adj. 经济；经济上；经济学
　economical
　economy
　economics
　economist
（详细参考Unit 6，Text B）
25. electricity n. 电；电能
　electrical
　electrician
　联想：-ian作为名词后缀：musician, Italian, Asian, comedian, tragedian等。
26. stable adj. 稳定；稳固；牢靠
　stability
　unstable
　instability
27. strengthen v. 加强；增强；巩固
　复习主要单词：（Unit 7, Text B曾经讲过）
　strong-strength-strengthen
　long-length-lengthen
　wide-width-widen
　broad-breadth-broaden
　deep-depth-deepen
　high-height-heighten
　short-shortness-shorten
　weak-weakness-weaken
28. consequently adv. 所以；所以
29. lessen v.（使）变小，变少，减弱，减轻
30. resource n. 资源；财力
31. ease n. 舒适；安逸；自在 v. 减轻；放松；缓解
32. inhabitant n. （某地）居民，栖息动物
33. limited adj. 有限（详细参考Unit 1，Text B）
　limit
　limitation
　limited
　unlimited / limitless
Phrases and Expressions
1. bask in 晒太阳；取暖
2. account for 数量上、百分比上占
3. be reliant upon 依赖；依靠
4. be attributed to 把…归因于，认为…是因为
II. Text Learning
The Importance of Public Transportation
① A US Congressman once proclaimed that, "(1)There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy." I know exactly what he means.（承上启下句）In this day and age, access to transportation is considered a necessity.
② Public transportation is defined as a service that is available for use by the general public. It is a cheaper and environmentally friendly alternative. It is not a transportation service that you can arrange privately to suit your own personal convenience (although you may, to a certain extent, such as paying for a cabin or suite on a train or ship) since you have to consider other passengers who are riding and making similararrangements with you.
③ (2)I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is.
④ I live in Saipan, a US territory and the closest things we have to public transportation are tourist and school buses. You have to have your own car or bike, rent a car, or pay upfront for a taxi to go from point A to point B. Otherwise you end up basked in sweat and sunburn traveling to work every day. When I first came here, I walked. I walked going to and from work. I walked to the store and lugged my heavy groceries back to the house. I walked to church and I barely got to go to places farther than a twenty-mileradius from my house since I did not own a car then, and (3)I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.
本部分重点及难点：
1. "There can be no doubt that the transportation sector is the most critical sector of our economy."
毫无疑问，交通是我们经济体系最至关主要领域。
2. I have experienced first-hand how important public transportation is. 我亲身体验过公共交通主要性。
3. I considered renting a car and riding a taxi such an expense for a starting single mother like I was at that time.
(1) consider doing sth.
consider…(to be) such an expense
(2) a starting single mother 刚才起步单亲妈妈
⑤ For me, public transportation is very important because of the following reasons:
1. It saves money.
According to research done by the American Public Transportation Association（美国公交协会）, individuals can save up to $9,515 annually by parking their cars at home and using public transportation instead. In this economy, saving money has become a main concern in most households. With the rising prices of fuel and other vehicle-related expenses, doing the public commute to work and school certainly saves money.
2. It helps the environment.
When you switch from driving your car to taking public transport, you are reducing yourcarbon footprint（碳足迹；碳排放量）and making a great step forward in saving the environment. The environmental costs of individuals using their cars every day have done massive damage to the environment and if the majority or all individuals like you and me use public transport instead, think of what good we could do for the environment.
3. It will wean us out of energy dependence.
According to a paper made by Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue and Dr. Claude Comtois, transportationaccounts for approximately 25% of world energy demand and for more than 62% of all the oil used each year. Ninety-five percent of transportation is almost completely reliant uponpetroleum products with the exception of railways using electrical power. (4)While the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand.
When we strengthen our public transportation services, we are consequently lessening this oil demand and dependence. It will also motivate us to consider alternative energy and fuel resources.
本部分重点及难点：
4. While the use of petroleum for other economic sectors, such as industrial and electricity generation, has remained relatively stable, the growth in oil demand is mainly attributed to the growth in transportation demand.
(1) industry
No one doubted his ability, his industry or his integrity. 没有些人怀疑她能力、勤奋和正直。
区分：industrious / industiral
(2) attribute…to… 归因于，归功于
American parents always attribute their children's success to natural talent and hard work.
注意区分：owe…to…
contribute …to…
4. It provides ease and convenience.
Having public transportation definitely eases some of the burdens of people who do not have cars or prefer not to own one. They are provided with choices to use public transport. (5)Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well. When a tourist visits a place, which does not have public transportation, their choices are limited and the experience they get is limited, too.
请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评成绩！
【单项选择题】21. We ______ Moonlight Sonata（月光奏鸣曲）to Beethoven.
A． distribute
B． tribute
C． contribute
D． attribute
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查attribute / contribute…to…。attribute…to…相当于owe…to…意为"归功于，归因于"，contribute…to…意为"捐款，投稿"。本句意思是"我们把月光奏鸣曲归功于贝多芬。"
【知识点】attribute / contribute…to…
⑥ All in all, public transportation improves our way of life, strengthens the community, provides new jobs for the public and gives us a cleaner environment.
本部分重点及难点：
5. Public transportation also provides valuable services not just to local inhabitants in the area but to tourists as well.
not just / only…but …as well相当于not only…but also…
III. 部分练习讲解
P305 Bridging the Gap
Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.
解题方法：把词分类
　动词　　　　　　形容词　　　代词/限定词
compared to　 　　low 　　　　　another
require 　　　　　personal
running out of 　 economic
refers to　　　　　positive
　　　　　　　　　limited
Often referred to as green transport, sustainable transportation is the way of the future. Transport powered by gas and petrol is running on a 1 limitedtime frame（时间范围，期限）, as both these sources are unsustainable in the long run. In contrast, sustainable transportation offers an option to a world rapidly 2 running out ofrenewable（可再生） fuel sources. It 3 refers toany kind of transport that has a low impact on the environment, such as walking, cycling, mass transit, green vehicles, and car pooling（集体用车，拼车）, amongst others.
Any mode of transport is deemed sustainable if it has a 4 lowenvironmental impact and uses little or no fuel. Walking is the best example of sustainable transportation, as it does not5 requireany gas. However, walking can be impractical if you are travelling longer distances. Cycling is 6 another green transport option and is a far more practical option for longer commutes.
Using public transportation, such as buses or trains, is also more sustainable 7 compared toprivate vehicles. The amount of fuel used to transport a bus full of people is more effective compared to a single person driving a 8 personal car. A sustainable transport system has a 9 positiveimpact on the environment, and helps to promote social and 10economicsustainability（可连续性） in the communities it serves. Increased mobility usually results in better socio-economic conditions:
I. New words and expressions
New words
1. advantage n. 有利条件；有利原因；优势
　disadvantage
　联想：merit, demerit
2. authentic adj. 真实；真正
3. assurance n. 确保；担保
　assure
4. intentionally adj. 有意地；有意地
　intend
　intention
　intentional
　unintentional非有意，无意识
　well / ill-intentioned
5. harsh adj. 残酷；严酷；严厉
6. respectfully adv. 恭敬地
　respect
　respectable
　respectful
　respective
　练习：
　We should show respect for our elders.
　Each walk of life is equally respectable, no matter whether it is an engineer or a dustman.
　He is very respectful to his teachers.
　After school, they went back to their respective homes.
7. able-bodied adj. 健康；健壮
8. warmth n. 热情；友情
　warm
　-th: warmth, length, growth, strength, width, breadth等
9. guts n. 勇气；胆量；决心；毅力
10. particularly adv. 尤其；尤其
11. ferry n. 渡船
12. destination n. 目标地；终点
13. maintenance n. 维护；保养
　maintain
14. economical adj. 节俭；节约；简练
　economic
15. untoward adj. 异常；意外；棘手；不幸
16. incident n. 发生事情（尤指不寻常或讨厌）
17. transit n. 运输；运输；搬运；载运
18. aggravate v. 使严重；使恶化
19. push n. 矢志追求；坚定努力
20. sustain v. 使保持；使稳定连续
　sustainable
　sustainability
　unsustainable无法维持，无法支撑
21. accumulate v. 积累；积聚
22. heed v. 留心；注意；听从（劝说或警告）
23. habitat n. （动植物）生活环境，栖息地
24. stand n. 停车处；站
Phrases and Expressions
1. pick up 让人乘车；搭载
2. by and large 大致上；总体上
3. conduct oneself 举止；表现
4. in public 公开地；在他人（尤指生人）面前
5. give up... to... 把…交给（或让与）…
6. save on 节约；节约
7. keep tabs on 监视；亲密注视
8. God/Heaven/Lord forbid (that...) 希望这事不发生
II. Text Learning
Personal Advantages of Taking Public Transportation
1 When I take public transport, I always end up seeing a balanced view of regular folks, which is different from how they're usually depicted in the profit-driven media. I meet real, authentic people who may have the same concerns as mine. Whenever I'm on a bus, or the train, or even at times in a taxi that I share with other passengers, whom the driver picks up along the way, I get assurances that most folks mean well to me, i.e., they don't mean to harm me intentionally, despite a few terrible, harsh experiences I've had with some bad people before.
2 The meaningful experience of receiving respect from and giving respect to others
People generally behave as politely and respectfully as they can whenever they take public transportation. That's how all of us were taught, by and large, by our parents, our elders and the generations before. We always need to conduct our best selves when in public. It's a great experience seeing able-bodied men giving up seats for the elderly, disabled, or pregnant women. I even see women give up seats to others. (1)I see people move a bit on their seats just to share space to those needing seats. I see people smiling and talking with each other. I feel more warmth among people when on a bus or the train. I see people behaving genuinely pleasant toward co-passengers, and I realize it takes a lot of guts to do this especially during these difficult times.
3 Save cash for other purposes
I always get the opportunity to save money, and am actually gaining pennies these days. This is particularly true when you live in a city, like New York, where subways and buses are in place. I've done the math: it's far cheaper to take the subway and the bus, plus the ferry if you live in Staten Island like me, than to keep a car and drive yourself to your usual destination. (2)You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maintenance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road, the fuel, among other costs. On public transportation, you simply just pay the fare.
本部分重点及难点：
1. I see people move a bit on their seats just to share space to those needing seats.
(1) see sb. do sth.
(2) those needing seats 需要座位人
2. You save on the parking fees, the toll fees, the insurance cost, the repair and maintenance costs, and the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road, thefuel, among other costs.
(1) save on sth. 节约，节约
(2) the perceived costs of aggravation from motorists on the road 我们能够感觉到马路上汽车司机开车造成环境恶化成本
(3) among other costs 除了其它成本
4 Light baggage to bring with you
Just carry myself and my tiny baggage. I occupy the least space, which is actually wherever I happened to be standing or sitting, which contributes to my baggage being very economical and lighter to carry. (3)If ever there would be untoward incidents while in transit, I'd alwa